Vocabulary English: 2019-2020

Unit 1 - Employment
Page Expression Meaning
To work in Advertising/a department
To work on A project
To work for A supermarket chain
To work with Colleagues
To work under A supervisor
To leave for Work, leaving somewhere
To go to Work, going somewhere
To arrive at Work
To be at work Present
To be in work Employed
To be off work Absent
To be out of work Unemployed
4 Rewarding Recompense, when you work for money
Stimulating Encouraging, inspiring new ideas or enthusiasm
Hands-on Actually doing something
In charge of
Synonyms
Responsible for
Make sure something is done or that someone is doing
To supervise
something correctly, to done
To run To run a business, being in charge or organize a business
To deal with To take action on sth or to do business with
To involve To include or contain as a necessary part
Unemployed Not having any work, being out of work
When you’re not longer necessary for a job or the
(made) redundant
employer can’t afford you
Jobless Not having a job
a situation in which the broker who offered the ability to
Margin call buy on the margin demands additional funds to make up
for a loss in the margin account
A bank engaged primarily in making long-term loans to
companies and managing investment portfolios.
Investment bank
A bank that purchases large holdings of newly issued
shares and resells them to investors.
5-6
Staff The people who work for a company, the employees
The area in a bank where the securities are traded,
Trading floor
BEURSVLOER
To lay off/cut/let go/make When you have to leave your job because you are no
redundant longer needed
Risk manager/ A job where you have to decide what the risks are and
management how you reduce or prevent them
 Severance contract/ An amount of compensation paid because you have to
package/offer leave your job
To revoke (an offer) To take back or cancel
Precaution Action taken to avoid a dangerous event
Punitive With the intention of inflicting punishment
Someone qualified to advise people and represent them in
Lawyer
court
Employee who is lower/higher ranking in
Junior/senior
position/profession
HR (human resources)
(personeelszaken) department in an organization
Human Resource
responsible for training/welfare/recruiting of the staff
management/officer/manager
Someone who protects buildings and collects and delivers
Security guard
large amounts of money
Colleague Someone you work with
Transition plan Development plan
Employment Fact of having a paid job
To employ Paying someone to work for you
Employer The person or organization you work for
Employee The person that works for you
In employment When you are in employment, you have a paid job
Employment
Situations in the future concerning employment
prospects/opportunities
Employment of The employment of someone
Full employment A situation in which everyone has a job
Paid employment/work A job for which you receive money
Working a full working week or a part of a normal working
Full/part-time employment
week
Permanent/temporary Someone employed for an unlimited length of time or a
employment limited length of time
Long-term/regular Working for the same company for a long time (or a
employment regular time)
Working all the time, without any periods being
Continuous employment
unemployed
Job title The name that describes the job
Recruit/to recruit To employ
Job seeker Werkzoekende
President/CEO/general (Chief executive officer) the person with the highest
manager position in an organization
78 A data analyst collects and stores data on sales numbers,
Data analyst
market research, logistics, linguistics, or other behaviors.
To hire/a hire To employ someone, to pay someone to do a job
Newfangled Modern, old-fashioned
Agility Skill
To exude To remove, to dismiss
 The job you have in a company and the relation/role/
Position
importance of that job in comparison with others
A skill set Vaardigheden
In some organizations and public authorities, the person in
Human resources manager
charge is referred to as the director
Dignity Self-esteem
Latitude Freedom you have in making choices
Descriptive Descriptive language indicates what someone is like
To take the leader, standing up and announcing that you
To take ownership
are responsible for a task
To push the envelope To go beyond the normal limits by doing something new
Icebreaker Intermediary (tussenpersoon)
Portfolio work/ A person who works for several different companies or
worker/working organizations at the same time
Profession A type of job that requires advanced education or training
Client (compare with a person or company that receives a service from them in
customer) return for payment
the job or profession that someone does for a long period
Career (path)
of their life
a person that has been trained in helping other people
Career coach
develop their career goals
Targeted (cf. to target) Trying to appeal or affect a group of people
To carve out a niche Organizing your work to create a secure position
someone who is employed by a business at a senior level.
Executive Executives decide what the business should do, and
ensure that it is done
Job role/ description All the duties and responsibilities involved in the job
To pursue (a career /
To make efforts to achieve a particular aim or result
flexibility)
9-10
Workplace The place where you work
a large payment made to someone by their employer
Payoff
when the person has been forced to leave their job
Job-hopping Changing jobs frequently
Known by a small number of people, private (torpil
Esoteric
gecmek)
Realm a field of interest, study, etc
Things that are disparate are clearly different from each
Disparate
other in quality of type
Prevalent Common
To approve/create something that is very difficult and
To forge
brings a lot of work
Someone’s general attitude and the way they typically
Mindset
think about things
an economy in which there are few permanent employees
Gig economy and most jobs are assigned to temporary or freelance
workers
 Organizing your own work and taxes and you are paid by
Self-employed people for a service you provide, rather than being paid a
regular salary by a person or a firm, working for your self
knowledge or skill in a particular job or activity, which you
Experience have gained because you have done that job or activity for
a long time
Skill Often used in plural
skills that contribute to dealing successfully with other
Interpersonal skills
people
Qualification the examinations that you have passed
Quality a particular characteristic of a person or thing
Benefit Advantage
the money that someone is paid each month by their
Salary
11 employer
the amount of money that they are paid for the work that
Remuneration
they do
The health of an organization or a system is its success and
Health
the fact that it is working well, the condition
someone who is employed at a low level in a particular job
Trainee in order to learn the skills needed for that job, employer at
a low level
people who are in control of a group or organization,
Leadership
the state of being in control of a group
Location Position of someone
Responsibilities the duties that you have because of your job or position
Director Supervisor, manager
situations or activities in which people or firms compete
13 Competitive
with each other
Audacity Daring to do sth, durf
Affordable When you can pay for it, betaalbaar
To land a job To get a job
a person who is in business for themselves, and is hired to
Independent contractor
perform a task or service for a company
To be kosher Not right
Health coverage/health
insurance which covers medical expenses
insurance
an arrangement to receive a pension from an organization
14 such as an insurance company or a former employer in
Pension plan
return for making regular payments to them over a
number of years
An employee fringe benefit provided by an employer that
Paid vacation
allows employees to be absent from work with pay
a piece of paper that your employer gives you as your
wages or salary, and which you can then cash at a bank.
Paycheck (us)
You can also use paycheck as a way of referring to your
wages or salary
If you can rely on someone to work well or to behave as
To rely on
you want them to, you can trust them to do this
 An employment situation where an employee is expected
Temporary worker
to remain in a position only for a certain period of time
Someone who is not employed by one organization, but is
Freelancer paid for each piece of work they do by the organization
they do it for
Someone who works in the area of law most commonly
Labor lawyer (us) relating to the relationship between trade unions,
employers and the government
To lack Missing something or not having something
To address give a speech a group of people
money that a company, organization, or government
Revenue
receives from people
Cooperative done by people working together, samenwerkend
To prefer to To opt for
decide or say that it is not important enough for you to
To dismiss
think about or consider
compensation paid by an organization to employees who
leave because, through no fault of their own, the job to
Severance pay
which they were appointed ceases to exist and no
comparable job is available to them
Dues Money you pay for membership
weak and without protection, with the result that they are
Vulnerability
easily hurt physically or emotionally
negotiation of wages and other conditions of employment
Collective bargaining
by an organized body of employees (collectief afdingen)
an organization that has been formed by workers in order
Labor unions/trade unions
to represent their rights and interests to their employers
To enable so to do sth To give so the opportunity to do sth
Unskilled Unqualified, inexperienced
To earn an income To get money for working
When something becomes less in quantity, importance or
To decline
strength
Marginalized A group who made seem unimportant
To join To become a member or employee of an organization
Act of two or more parties discussing points of a potential
To negotiate contracts
partnership arrangement
Grievances Injustice
To advance interests/a career To move forward, make progress
Precursor Sth that came before
Carbon emissions The production and discharge of carbon
Economic woes Economic problems
the consequences or aftereffects of a significant
16- In the aftermath
unpleasant event
18
Banking collapse When the banking system fails suddenly and completely
Come up with To think of something and suggest it
Recession a period when the economy of a country is doing badly
 Becoming more difficult, unpleasant, or unacceptable
Worsen
(usually a situation)
When the bank takes your house because you are not
Mortgage foreclosure
paying
Measuring the situation in which people's living standards
Austerity measure
are reduced because of economic difficulties
To take measures Doing something, take actions
To take/adopt a new
To take a new strategy or a new way of dealing with things
approach to
Leisure Free time/spare time
someone whose job is to advise companies on the most
Management consultant
efficient ways to run their business
To cause a stir To cause commotion
the part of a country's economy which is controlled or
Public sector
supported financially by the government
To emerge To come into existence (organization), come out
looking after children, and to the facilities which help
Childcare
parents to do so
Access to services To have entrance to services/facilities
Exempt from You don’t have to do it
To cause turmoil To cause chaos
you consider something carefully or use statistical
To analyze
methods in order to fully understand it
Analysis The process of analysing
Analyst Someone who analyses
a statement in which you express your dissatisfaction with
Complaint/to complain
a particular situation
To have an impact on To have the power to influence something
the amount of confidence and cheerfulness that a group
Morale
of people have, the spirit
Absenteeism People who not show up at work
Presenteeism People who show up at work
change your ideas or behaviour in order to deal with a
To adapt to
new situation successfully
Make economies/ to
save money by spending it very carefully
economise on
the condition of being contented, healthy, or successful;
Wellbeing
welfare, (welzijn)
Pendelaars, a person who travels to work over an
To commute/a commuter
appreciable distance
the amount of time during a normal week that you spend
Working week
doing your job
To repeal When you make a law not a law
Write off send anorganization a letter, usually asking for something
In response to In reply to
To compress To make shorter/smaller
 the division of a job between two or more people such
Job-sharing that each covers the same job for complementary parts of
the day or week
Provision Arrangement, plan
To take root To establish, take hold
To make it become worse or more intense, voorzien van
To fuel/fuelled
brandstof
The City of London London
Shy about something When you don’t want to brag about something
Productive/productivity a lot of good or useful things happen as a result of it
To benefit from To take advantage from
the regular amounts of money which you have to spend
Outgoings
every week or every month, uitgaven
Spendthrift So who likes to spend money
Spare time Free time
On a treadmill Moving on (wheel of a hamster), lopende band
Pioneers the first people to be involved in an activity and develop it.
time that you spend doing your job in addition to your
Overtime
normal working hours, overuren
Spontaneous, sudden and unintentional movement,
(in)voluntary
vrijwillig
Burdened with Loaded with
A condition where all people are able and willing to work
Full employment
are employed
Viable capable of doing what it is intended to do
affecting the whole of something, to the whole
Systemic
organization
Innovation the introduction of new ideas, methods, or things
a period of time when you are not working at your job,
Leave because you are on holiday or vacation, or for some other
reason
Unit 2 - Business ethics
Shareholder a person who owns shares in a company
20 people who have an interest in a company's or
Stakeholder
organization's affairs
told by their employers to leave their job, usually because
Lay-off/to lay off
there is no more work for them to do
To raise/ raise Increase
To axe To end suddenly and without discussion
21-
22 save or store things, often in secret, because they are
Hoard/to hoard
valuable or important to you

buy or obtain something for yourself, or someone gives it

To acquire
to you
 the total number of people in a country or region who are
Workforce
physically able to do a job and are available for work
Corporate profits The earnings of the organization
amounts of money that you spend while doing something
Expense in the course of your work, which will be paid back to you
afterwards
Become more efficient and less wasteful by getting rid of
Lean
staff, or by dropping projects which were unprofitable
Lean and mean Ready and able to do hard work
Plunge/to plunge To crash, fall, drop
To skid To slip
Something unpleasant that is going to happen very soon,
Imminent
on the way (bedreigend)
Retailer a person or business that sells goods to the public
Earnings the sums of money that you earn by working
the act of gaining control of a company by buying more of
Takeover
its shares than anyone else
Trim down To reduce
Idle/to idle Unemployed
a written statement of the amount of money and property
Balance sheet that a company or person has, including amounts of
money that are owed or are owing
Array An orderly arrangement (rangschikking)
Fiduciary duty An obligation involving trust
To erode To destroy
the materials, money, and other things that an
Resource organization have and can use in order to function
properly
an opportunity for the employees of a company to buy
Stock option
shares at a special price
Entrepreneur a person who sets up businesses and business deals
Corporate Social Responsibility, Maatschappelijk
CRS
verantwoord ondernemen
organization or activity who helps and supports people
Charitable organization
who are ill or very poor, or who have a disability
an organization which raises money in order to help
Charity
people
To donate To give money to a charity
23- The ability to be stable without causing problems such as
24 Sustainability
inflation, duurzaamheid
Implementation Realization
Deployment The action of bringing resources into effective action
Environment/environmental a set of ideas or plans that is used as a basis for making
policy decisions concerning the environment
To check the development or progress of something, and
To monitor
sometimes comment on it
 the entire process of making and selling commercial
goods, including every stage from the supply of materials
Supply chain
and the manufacture of the goods through to their
distribution and sale
Humanitarian support Humanitarian aid, assistance to people who need help
Sound In good condition, healthy
Fair Reasonable, right
To leverage to use borrowed money in order to buy it or pay for it
Greenwashing In Dutch: whitewashing, make something looks good
Corporation tax/corporate tax a tax that companies have to pay on the profits they make
To assess To judge
the ordinary people who form the main part of the
Grassroots campaigners
organization, who campaign for social or political change.
To get a taste of Have a preview
To blame To accuse, criticize
To drive so out of business To make so disappear out of business
Consumer boycott to refuse to have dealings with a consumer
Sensitive show understanding and awareness of them
Arbitrary/arbitrariness Inconsistency, random
a company which is part of a larger and more important
Subsidiary
company
the official body that administers and collects a country's
Tax authority
taxes
Distinct Clear and definite
A transnational company has branches or owns companies
Transnational
in many different countries
24-
25 To give so scope to do smth To give opportunity
something that exists separately from other things and
Entity
has a clear identity of its own
Things that are abstracts and difficult to define,
Intangibles
immateriële activa
something such as its good reputation, which increases
Goodwill
the value of the business
something such as an invention or a copyright which is
Intellectual property
officially owned by someone, autersrecht
Payments made to someone whose invention, idea, or
Royalties
property is used by a commercial company, patent kopen
Unitary When two or more organization have joined together
To route To guide, lead
nontrading business assets of a relatively permanent
Fixed assets
nature, such as plant, fixtures, or goodwill, vaste activa
If you attribute a particular quality or feature to someone
To attribute
or something, you think that they have got it
To prevent Make sure something is not going to happen
Physical assets Tangible assets, fysieke active
 Headquarters main offices of an organization
an organization which is officially connected with another,
Affiliate
larger organization or is a member of it
To ensure To make certain that something happens
To reach an agreement on To succeed in achieving an agreement
To argue over sth To discuss
To tweak improve something by making a slight change
To abandon To stop doing something before it is finished, to stop
To apportion To divide, distribute
OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
an international agency which tries to promote trade and
IMF improve economic conditions in poorer countries
IMF is an abbreviation for 'International Monetary Fund'
Group of Twenty Finance Ministers and Central Bank
G20
Governors
Brazil, Russia, India, China which are all deemed to be at a
BRIC
similar stage of newly advanced economic development
To take center stage become very important or noticeable
the act of obtaining goods or components from a specified
Sourcing
source
a word, idea, or activity which has recently become
Buzz
extremely popular
To accelerate To get faster and faster
To verify To state or confirm that something is true, to confirm
Certified/certification Holding or guaranteed by a certificate
Climate change Changes in the earth’s climate
Child labour The employment of children under a legally defined age
To align with To have the same political aim as a particular group
To walk the talk to put theory into practice
26- Accountability Responsibility
28 Milestones and benchmarks Mijlpalen en criteria/standaarden
Under scrutiny being studied or observed very carefully
a clear statement that describes the benefit of your offer,
Unique value proposition how you solve your customer’s needs and what
distinguishes you from the competition
Scalable Able to be changed in scale
Commodity Product
Joint venture An organization undertaken by two or more parties
Compliant Adaptable
At a slow pace When you do something very slow
To outstrip To go faster than
Systemic Relating to the system
To catalyse To organize
 To fluctuate/fluctuation To change
concerned with, or dealing with wholes or integrated
Holistic
systems rather than with their parts
From an angle From a certain view
Consolidation strengthening, reinforcement
Merger/to merge/merged To fuse
To harness To use
Target/targeted/to target To focus, pick out
In the short/long term Period at time in the future
Bewustzijn verhogen, being aware = realize, to raise =
To raise awareness of/among
move to a higher position
a small business that has recently been started by
Start-up
someone
Buy-in to purchase shares in a company
Confidentiality The state of keeping a secret
(in)surmountable To get on the top of
Achievable/realistic/modest
Goal: purpose
goal
Achieve/set/pursue/
attain/reach/work towards a
goal
Unit 3 - Entrepreneurship
Entrepreneur a person who sets up businesses and business deals
a person who sets up a business enterprise with the aim of
Social entrepreneur
alleviating social problems
having the qualities that are needed to succeed as an
Entrepreneurial
entrepreneur
To conceptualize form an idea of something in your mind
Business opportunity An opportunity in business
To improve/improvement To make better
To design To create, make
someone who has earned a lot of money from a particular
30- Business magnate
business
32 the profession of applying scientific principles to the
Engineering
design, construction, and maintenance of engines
Charismatic Charming, attractive, appealing
Volatile Liable to change rapidly
Erratic Unpredictable
Prohibitive Very expansive, impossible to buy
Price tag The cost of something
Ahead of the curve more advanced or modern than other things
a judgment that someone makes about how much money
Valuation/to value
something is worth
 a person, business, or organization who you are
Rival competing or fighting against in the same area or for the
same things
In excess of more than a particular amount
Debt pile/cash pile The amount of cash/debt you have
Acclaimed publicly acknowledged as excellent
Relentless determined to do something and refuses to give up
Core and Core: central part
To display To show
Rarefied Exclusive
an offer or bid made by a company or business in order to
Takeover bid
purchase or acquire another company or business
Equity the sum of your assets
Debt/debtor The money you owe
Astounding Amazing
To soar To increase in volume
Listed company a company whose shares are quoted on a stock exchange
to increase prices, taxes or quantities suddenly or by a
To hike
large amount
the practice of selling commodities, securities, currencies,
etc that one does not have in the expectation that falling
Short-seller/to short-sell
prices will enable one to buy them in at a profit before
they have to be delivered
Conflict of interest When people have a different interest
The SEC Securities and Exchange Commission
To oust To throw out
Veneration a feeling or expression of awe or reverence, respect
the person who started or caused something to be built,
Founder
often by providing the necessary money
To own To have
To owe To be in debt
Stasis A situation of inactivity
an investment fund that invests large amounts of money
Hedge fund
using methods that involve a lot of risk
Start-up and A beginning company
Excruciating Strict, painful
33-
35 Overnight and During the night
To stave off To keep it away
High-velocity High speed
Accustomed to Used to
To gloss over sth Not mentioning the problems
To enforce to force or cause it to be done or to happen
To jot To take note
 Risk aversion/risk-averse a strong disinclination to take risks
Current Flow
Extinct No longer alive, died out
To pivot To change opinion
To foster To promote
Candid Speak my mind, brutal
Commitment/to commit A promise to do something
At the expense of in a way which might cause harm or disadvantage
Inseparable Cannot be separated
Price: the amount of money that you have to pay in order
Prize versus price to buy something
Prize: reward
clothes, especially formal clothes worn on an important
Apparel
occasion
something which is part of an activity or process, but not
Accessory
the most essential or important part of it
To enhance to improve somethings value, quality, or attractiveness
when a large number of people each give an amount of
Crowdfunding money to pay for a project, especially by using a website
to collect the money
the act or occupation of soliciting money for charitable
36 Fundraising
organizations, political parties, etc
a person who gives financial support to a commercial
Business angel venture and receives a share of any profits from it, but
who does not expect to be involved in its management
an amount of money that a new company needs to pay for
Seed capital/money the costs of producing a business plan so that they can
raise further capital to develop the company, startkapitaal
the level of commercial activity at which the total cost and
Break even
total revenue of a business enterprise are equal
someone who makes money by investing in high risk
Venture capitalist
projects
IPO initial public offering
Unit 4 – Sectors and organizations
Manufacturing (industries) the business of making things in factories, productie
The manufacturing sector The sector of manufacturing
activities such as tourism, banking, and accountancy that
Service are part of a country's economy, but are not concerned
with producing or manufacturing goods
the sector of the economy that provides services rather
37 The service sector
than products, etc
Aerospace
The aerospace industry
Construction
Zie boek p37
The construction industry
Automotive/automobiles
The automotive industry
 Defence/arms
The defence/arms industry
Telecommunications
The telec. industry
Household goods
The household goods industry
Food processing
The food processing industry
Pharmaceuticals
The pharma. industry
Catering
The catering industry
Finance
The financial industry
Health
The health industry
Leisure
The leisure industry
Media
The media industry
Property/real estate
The property industry
Retail
The retail industry
Tourism
The tourism industry
The primary sector Agricultural, fishing, farming…
The secondary sector Same as manufacturing sector
The tertiary sector Same as service sector
The quaternary sector Technology, media, designing… (knowledge based)
The quinary sector Business, government… (high level decisions)
a group of companies in a line of business formed around
Emerging industries a new product or idea that is in the early stages of
development.
Growth industries an industry that is developing particularly rapidly
To crumble/crumbling Lose power, become weak
Access/to access To find, get to
To be poised to do sth/ poised
Ready to make a move
for
38 To value sth decide how much money it is worth
Adoption/to adopt sth Long-term use
To do what you promised to do or what you expected to
To deliver (intrans) vs to
do
deliver (trans)

To surpass To be better than the first

Subsequent Following
To embrace (an idea) Take, hold
 To mentor/mentor Guide, trainer
Gestation (of an idea) Development of something over a period of time
Influencer
Agency Business
Ride on someone’s coattails To benefit from someone else’s success
To mature/mature To develop, grow up
Testimonial Statement, explanation
To make it without any ingredients or materials prepared
From scratch
ahead of time, helemaal opnieuw
Standard practice It is the usual thing that is done in a particular situation
Advancement Development, progress
Top-tier Highest level or quality
Logistics Logistiek
To feature/feature Characteristic
To get a company at the same level od the value chain in a
Horizontal integration
similar or different industry
Vertical integration
a substance that you drink or swallow in order to cure an
Medicine/drug
illness
Drugmaker/drug company/
So who makes drugs
drug film/pharmaceutical firm
an official right to be the only person or company allowed
Patent
to make or sell a new product for a certain period of time
Patent law The law of patents
To apply for/seek a patent To request a patent
Patent protection Protection for a patent
Patent application A patent request
To reject Not accepting sth
Prospect a possibility that something will happen
39- Paltry growth Really small growth
40 Keen If you are keen on something, you want to do it very much
Wary Discreetly, carefully
A product that does not have a trademark and that is
Generics/generic products
known by a general name
a person or organization appointed by a government to
Regulator
regulate an area of activity such as banking or industry
Court ruling a decision made by a court
Innovative New and original
To deny To say sth is not true, to contradict
something that increases in value or worth, often by a
Incremental
regular amount
Improvement When something becomes better
To constitute sth To represent
 something such as an invention or a copyright which is
Intellectual property
officially owned by someone
those things that one is morally or legally entitled to do or
Rights
have
Chase Pursuit a goal
Blockbuster a very successful, effective, or forceful person, thing, etc
In the pipeline On the way
Tiered A rank (prices)
Efficacious effective
the resale of goods between countries without the
Parallel trade authorization of the owner of the intellectual property (IP)
rights associated with those goods
Prescription drug Legal drugs for illness
Upfront paid out at the beginning of a business arrangement
High-risk/high-reward When you take a big risk, you can get a big reward
a person who is in charge of a gate and who allows people
Gatekeeper
through it.
Approval Agreement
the activity of selling goods direct to the public, usually in
Retail
small quantities
Inexpensive Not expensive
Latest the most recent thing of its kind
If one thing is a template for something else, the second
Template
thing is based on the first thing, patroon
Garment Piece of clothing
41-
43 A company that mainly owns other companies, as well as
Holding company
doing business itself
Relating to products that are more expensive and of
High-end
better quality than other products of the same type
A model for the production, buying, and selling of goods
Business model
or services
Purchase The act of buying something
To ship To send
an amount of a particular kind of cargo that is sent to
Shipment another country on a ship, train, aeroplane, or other
vehicle
a large building where machines are used to make large
Factory
quantities of goods
To offset To compensate
Inventory a supply or stock of something
a sudden improvement, especially in the success of a
Turnaround
business or a country's economy
Merchandise Goods bought and sold
the bringing of letters, parcels, or other goods to
Delivery someone's house or to another place where they want
them
 To be familiar with ideas of behaviour so than you can
To be attuned to sth
react to them in a suitable way
Expand Increase, growth
Unit 5 – Production
Artisanship the occupation or product of a craftsperson or artisan
an arrangement of workers and machines in a factory,
Assembly line
where each worker deals with only one part of a product
the use of methods for controlling industrial processes
Automation
automatically
Brand Trademark, logo
activities such as embroidery and pottery which involve
Handicraft
making things with your hands in a skilful way
Division of labour To split up work/labour
Homegrown When food is grown in your garden
Labour-intensive Involving a lot of workers
On-site production Production that is taking place at the site of a job
Overcapacity more goods have been produced than are needed
the production of more of a product or commodity than is
Overproduction
46 required
a supervisor of the budget, crew and other details in the
Production manager
production
an industrial site, usually consisting of buildings and
machinery, or more commonly a complex having several
Production plant
buildings, where workers manufacture goods or operate
machines processing one product into another
the activity of checking that the goods or services are of an
Quality control
acceptable standard
Standardization to make or become standard
any instrument or simple piece of equipment that you
Tool
hold in your hands and use to do a particular kind of work
a building which contains tools or machinery for making or
Workshop
repairing things, especially using wood or metal
all the ordinary workers in a factory or the area where
Shop floor they work, especially in contrast to the people who are in
charge
a group of things or people of the same kind, especially a
Batch group that is dealt with at the same time or is sent to a
particular place at the same time
a machine such as a car, bus, or truck which has an engine
Vehicle
and is used to carry people from place to place
47- Emissions the release of gas or radiation into the atmosphere
50 the radiation that affects a particular place or area after a
Fallout
nuclear explosion has taken place
an engine that creates its energy by burning fuel inside
Internal combustion engine
itself. Most cars have internal combustion engines
To propel to cause something to move in a direction, to move
Electric car A car that rides on electricity
 Charging station A station to charge your electric car
Car battery The battery of an electric car
a network of high-voltage power lines connecting major
The national grid
power stations
Rollout the introduction of a new product
Embodiment Personification, model
A dead duck Someone who has no chance of succeeding
Wither Become weak
Core mission The central mission
Objects made by someone using their hands or using tools
Handmade
rather than by machines
Innocuous Harmless
Production that is taking place somewhere, usually on an
Offshore production island, that has fewer tax regulations than most other
countries
Transfer of a company (a business operation that was
Re-shore moved overseas) back to the country from which it was
originally relocated
Unit 6 – Marketing and branding
The 4Ps: product, price, place
The four factors of marketing
and promotion
all the regular customers of a business, considered as a
Customer base
group
Prices: the notional range of prices someone is prepared
to pay for something
Product/price range
product: collectively, the products manufactured or sold
by a company
Lifecycle: the four stages (introduction, growth, maturity,
and decline) into one of which the sales of a product fall
Product lifecycle/line/
during its market life
branding
Line: a group of related products marketed by the same
51 company
Segment: a part of a market identifiable as having
particular customers with specific buying characteristics
Market segment/share
Share: the proportion of the total sales of that product
that is produced by that company
a specific area of marketing which has its own particular
Niche market/product
requirements, customers, and products.
An endorsement for a product or company involves
Product/celebrity
appearing in advertisements for it or showing support for
endorsement
it.
Co-branding When two brands create a new product
Creating valuable experiences that have effect on your
Inbound marketing
business
a series of coordinated activities designed to help market
Marketing campaign/slogan
a product
52
the promotion of a city, or a district within it, with the aim
City marketing
of encouraging certain activities to take place there
 To devise to work out, contrive, or plan (something) in one's mind
To feel offended or annoyed by something, usually with
To take exception to sth
the result that you complain about it
Punctuality The act of being always on time
Scapegoat A person who get blamed for anything
innovative, unconventional, and low-cost marketing
Guerrilla marketing techniques aimed at obtaining maximum exposure for a
product
a process by which middle-class people take up residence
Gentrification in a traditionally working-class area of a city, changing the
character of the area (het eilandje antwerpen)
Menace Something that causes trouble or harm
Scathing Critical
Gridlock Traffic jam
To spawn To produce, generate
To slick over To flood
To be able to judge which things of a particular kind are
Discerning
good and which are bad
something which could be dangerous to you, your health
52- Hazard
or safety, or your plans or reputation
54 Broad Wide
the activity of creating advertisements and making sure
Advertising (campaign)
people see them
Gaffe a stupid or careless mistake
an attempt to make a product or brand popular or
Brand promotion/identity
successful, especially by advertising
(promotional) spend The amount of money you spend on promotion
Credibility Believability
Logo Trademark
To design To create, to make
Copyright infringement the act of breaking or disobeying the law of copyright
Unit 7 – Business, culture and technology
To salute and To salute an additional matter or problem
NGO Non-governmental organization
Colleague The people you work with
To bestow upon To present to
Excruciating very unpleasant to experience
57- a group of experts who are gathered together by an
58 organization, especially by a government, in order to
Think-tank
consider various problems and try and work out ways to
solve them
To call for sth to be done To want something to be done by someone
To outlaw To make illegal
Immune Resistant
 Stiff upper lip Not showing any emotion, even though it is difficult
To depart To leave
In abundance Great amount, a lot of
To embrace and To embrace an additional matter or problem
Manners a socially acceptable way of behaving
the rules about what kind of clothes people are allowed to
Dress code
wear there
a system of organizing people into different ranks or levels
Hierarchy
of importance, for example in society or in a company
An office that has no internal walls dividing the room into
Open-plan office
smaller areas
To evaporate To disappear, fade away
To concur To agree with someone
Boundary Limit
Resentment bitterness and anger for someone
To maintain To continue, hold
Appalled Shocked, disgusted
Entitled having the right or permission to do something
To bow To bend to someone to show respect
At arm’s length At a distance (formal)
things that people usually do in a particular society or in
Customary
particular circumstances, common
Discord disagreement and argument between people
very long distance away from where you are or from
Far-flung
important places
serious quarrel or disagreement that stops people or
Rift
countries having a good relationship
To say or do something rude which upsets or embarrasses
To offend
someone
To step down To resign
Blunt Frank, straightforward
Criticism Disapproval
60- To criticize To disapprove
61 At the forefront having a leading and influential position
To award a contract To give someone a contract
a person who works in the Civil Service in Britain and some
Civil servant other countries, or for the local, state, or federal
government in the United States
difficult to change because it has been there for a long
Deep-seated
time
Distrust Doubt
Conduct an activity or task, you organize it and carry it out
Difference of opinion When people have a different opinion
On schedule At the expected or planned time
 To distance oneself from To become less involved with someone
a document that lists goods that have been supplied or
Invoice services that have been done, and says how much money
you owe for them, een factuur
Regard Esteem, respect
Misconceived wrongly planned or based
the member of the British government who is in charge of
Home secretary
the Home Office
To deport To throw out, expel
Ongoing Continuing, in progress
To plummet To decrease
likely to cause problems or difficulties instead of
Self-defeating
producing useful results
63- The NHS National Health Service
65 Allure Appeal, attraction
To decline To become less in quantity, importance, or strength, to fail
To fill a vacancy To fill in an unoccupied job
Survey Interview, study, research
the act or process of selecting workers for an organization
Recruitment
and persuading them to join
profits earned by a company but not distributed as
Retention
dividends; retained earnings
Looming Imminent
Economic: capable of being produced, operated, etc, for
profit, profitable
Economic vs economical
Economical: using the minimum amount of time, effort, or
language that is necessary, sparing
to gain or get (something) as a reward for or result of
To reap an opportunity
some action or enterprise
the activity of uniting metal or plastic by softening with
Welding
heat and hammering, or by fusion
the use of methods for controlling industrial processes
65- Automation
automatically
66 The conversion of text or pictures into a digital form that
Digitalization
can be processed by a computer
If something equips you for a particular task or
To equip experience, it gives you the skills and attitudes you need
for it, especially by educating you in a particular way.
To bolster To strengthen sth (position)
A part of a company’s profits which is paid to people who
Dividend
have shares in the company
To stifle To supress, you make sure something is not happening