OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION
SYSTEMS
Optical Components
A Gholami
Isfahan University of Technology.
gholami@cc.iut.ac.ir
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TYPES OF OPTICAL COMPONETNS
• Passive optical componetns
– lens, grating, … (microoptics)
– splitter & combiner (coupler)
– wavelength multiplexer & demultiplexer (WDM)
– filter
– isolator, circulator
– polarization controller
• Active components
– modulator, switch, and router
– optical amplifier (fiber amplifier, semiconductor
amplifier)
– wavelength converter
– gain equalizer
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REQUIREMENTS
bandwidth
low insertion loss, excess loss and high return loss
polarization insensitivity
low crosstalk
high extinction ratio
temperature insensitivity
low control power
small size
cost
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OPTICAL COMPONENT PLATFORM
Micro-optic Components
The assembly of discrete elements are placed together
in an optical component. The elements require precise
optical alignment to maximize the performance.
Integrated Optics Components
uses planar manufacturing techniques to develop
devices such as Array Waveguide Grating (AWG), Variable
Optical Attenuators (VOA), Thermo-Optic Switch and
Electro-Optic Modulators.
Fiber Based Optical Components
– devices made of fibers, such as fused optical couplers,
fused WDMs, Fiber-Bragg gratings (FBG), etc.
Hybrid type
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HYBRID TYPE
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PASSIVE COMPONENTS
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WDM MULTIPLEXER/DEMULTIPLEXER
MULTIPLEXER/DEMULTIPLEXER
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WDM MULTIPLEXER/DEMULTIPLEXER
MULTIPLEXER/DEMULTIPLEXER
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COUPLERS - FABRICATION
• Single Fibres
100% coupling
It is wavelength dependent. Resonance occur when the two fibres are
close to each other.
i The coupling length for 1.55 µm > the coupling length for
1.3 µm:
– 100 % of light coupling for 1.3 µm to the core of fibre B, and to the core of
fibre A.
– 100% of light coupling for 1.55 µm to the core of fibre B
Source: Australian Photonics CRC
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COUPLER
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WAVELENGTH SELECTIVE COUPLER
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WAVELENGTH SELECTIVE COUPLER
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FIBER COUPLER CHARACTERISTICS
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OPTICAL FILTER
Characteristics
no. of resolvable channels
tuning speed
insertion loss
controllability
polarization insensitivity
size
cost
Wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) networks require
narrow band, fixed or tunable band-pass filters.
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FABRY-
FABRY-PEROT FILTER
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TUNABLE FABRY-
FABRY-PEROT FILTER
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POLARIZATION CONTROLLER
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POLARIZATION CONTROLLER
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OPTICAL ISOLATOR
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FIBER CONNECTORS
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CONNECTORS
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OPTICAL CIRCULATOR
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FIBER BRAGG-GRATINGS
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FIBER BRAGG-GRATINGS
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OPTICAL WAVELENGTH ADD-DROP MULTIPLEXER
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OPTICAL WAVELENGTH ADD-DROP MULTIPLEXER
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ACTIVE COMPONENTS
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OPTICAL SWITCH
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TYPES OF OPTICAL SWITCH
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MEMS OPTICAL SWITCH
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