Mt s cu hi phng vn GSM

C my cu hi phng vn v GSM, mi ngi tham gia tho lun cho zui: 1. Trnh by chc nng CHNH ca cc phn t trong phn h chuyn mch ca h thng GSM? 2. Trong di ng GSM, s knh tn s c php s dng rt t so vi tng s thu bao trong mng. Lm th no khng nghn mch trn giao tip v tuyn? 3. Trong di ng, tng i qun l v tr ca cc thu bao bng cch no? 4. Khi MS ang ch m thoi v di chuyn sang BTS khc th da vo u n c bit c thay i BTS. Tng i c bit c hng di chuyn ca thu bao khng? Nu c hy gii thch. 5. iu khin cng sut l g? Mc ch ca iu khin cng sut. Trnh by nhng cch iu khin cng sut trong di ng v cho bit cch no ti u hn? V sao? 6. So snh knh FACCH v SACCH? 7. Mng di ng Viettel c cp php s dng cc knh tn s t 43 n 82. Hy cho bit knh tn s s dng c th trn mi cell v s thu bao c th phc v ng thi trn mi BTS nu: a. S dng li tn s kiu 3/9. b. S dng li tn s kiu 4/12. 8. Ti sao trong di ng, MS pht tn thp, thu tn cao? 9. Mt BTS c cu hnh 5/5/5 th ng truyn v BSC cn bao nhiu E1? Gii thch. 10. Trn mt cell ca GSM, nu mt thit b thu pht ca mt knh tn s no b hng th cc knh tn s cn li c hot ng bnh thng khng? Gii thch. Ti xin m mn bng 2 cu u, mi ngi cho kin: Cu 1: Cc chc nng chnh ca cc phn t trong phn h chuyn mch ca h thng GSM: + MSC (Mobile services Switching Center): trung tm chuyn mch di ng - X l cuc gi (chuyn mch, iu khin & ng k) - Tng tc mng (IWF): giao tip vi PSTN, ISDN, PSPDN - Qun l di ng trn mng v tuyn v cc mng khc - Qun l v tuyn chuyn giao gia cc BSC - X l tnh cc + VLR (Visitor Location Register): l c s d liu trung gian lu tr tm thi thng tin v thu bao trong vng phc v MSC/VLR c tham chiu t c s d liu HLR. Thng tin lu tr trong VLR: - Cc s nhn dng IMSI, MSISDN, TMSI - S hiu nhn dng vng nh v ang phc v MS (LAI) - Danh sch dch v MS c/hn ch s dng - Trng thi ca MS (bn/ri) + HLR (Home Location Register): l c s d liu tham chiu lu gi cc thng tin lu di v thu bao. Thng tin lu gi trong HLR: - Cc s nhn dng IMSI, MSISDN - Cc thng tin v thu bao - Danh sch dch v MS c/hn ch s dng - S hiu VLR ang phc v MS + AuC (Authentication Center): l c s d liu lu gi kha nhn dng Ki ca cc thu bao v to ra b 3 tham s nhn thc (RAND, SRES, Kc) khi HLR yu cu tin hnh qu trnh nhn thc thu bao + EIR (Equipment Identification Register): l c s d liu lu gi thng tin v tnh hp l ca thit b di ng qua s IMEI. Cc mc trng thi c th c:

- Danh sch trng: cc u cui c php kt ni vi mng - Danh sch xm: cc u cui t di s gim st ca mng vi nhng vn c th xy ra - Danh sch en: u cui khng c php kt ni vi mng (b bo mt hay khng c duyt vi mng GSM) + GMSC (Gateway MSC): nh tuyn nhng cuc gi ra ngoi mng v l im truy cp vi nhng cuc gi vo mng t bn ngoi (PSTN, PSPDN, ISDN). Vic la chn nhng MSC no lm vic nh nhng GMSC l do nh iu hnh mng quy nh. Cu 2: GSM s dng phng thc truyn song cng phn chia theo tn s, cc knh v tuyn ca h thng c n nh nm trong mt bng tn gii hn c cp pht, do s knh tn s l gii hn v rt t so vi tng s thu bao trong mng. Chnh v th m vic s dng hiu qu bng tn c cp pht c th phc v c mt s lng ln thu bao (v ngy cng tng) l mt vn cn c xem xt n. Mt s phng php c a ra gii quyt vn ny l: - S dng phng php a truy nhp phn chia theo thi gian (TDMA) tng s lng thu bao c th phc v trong mt knh v tuyn. C th mi knh v tuyn s c chia thnh 8 khe thi gian (TS: Time Slot), mi khe thi gian c th phc v cho 1 thu bao, nh vy s thu bao c phc v s tng ln. - S dng li tn s nhng khong cch m bo t s C/I khng nh hng nhiu ti cht lng dch v. Phng php ny nhm tng hiu sut s dng knh v tuyn, cng mt knh v tuyn c th c s dng nhng v tr khc nhau min l nhiu vi knh cng tn s c kim sot. - Ty theo nhu cu dch v nhng vng khc nhau m c s iu chnh quy hoch thch hp. C th, vi nhng vng c mt ng, nhu cu s dng dch v cao th s tng mt phn b cc trm BTS (chia nh vng phc v, lp thm BTS nu cn thit kt hp vi quy hoch tn s thch hp).

Cu 3:Tng i qun l v tr ca thu bao da vo -Location update:Cp nht v tr ca MS ( mode idle) khi MS di chuyn -IMSI Attach/Detach: Cp nht v tr khi MS bt hay tt -Periodic registration: Cp nht theo mt khong thi gian nh trc phng trng hp MS i vo vng khng c sng Cu 3: xin ni r hn nh th ny: Tng i qun l v tr ca thu bao da trn th tc cp nht v tr, th tc ny c thc hin: - Khi MS tt my v m my tr li - ci ny c th hiu nh ng k v tr (Location registration) - Khi MS ang hot ng ( ch ri) v di chuyn sang mt vng nh v khc - Sau mt khong thi gian xc nh - ci ny gi l cp nht v tr nh k (Periodic Location Update) 4. Khi MS ang ch m thoi v di chuyn sang BTS khc th da vo u n c bit c thay i BTS. Khi MS ang ch m thoi v di chuyn sang BTS khc s da vo giao thc

handover (handover procedure) bit c hay khng vic thay i BTS nhm duy tr tnh lin tc ca cuc gi.Qu trnh handover tin hnh nh sau: 1/MS ch m thoi (dedicate mode) theo chu k s gi cc MR (Measurement Reports) cho BTS thng qua knh Uplink SACCH (480ms/ln nu MS ang chim knh TCH,470ms/ln khi MS ang chim knh SDCCH) .C th phn MR thnh 2 loi: -Uplink MR:c o lng bi BTS,cho bit thng tin v mc thu v cht lng thu t MS -Dowlink MR:c o lng bi MS,cho bit mc thu,cht lng thu,TA,kiu cng sut,DTX,...ca cell ang phc v (serving cell).ng thi MS s o lng cng sut knh BCCH ca cc neighbor cell,chn ra 6 neighbor cell c mc thu cao nht v bo co v cho BTS 2/Cc MR sau c gi cho BSC.Da vo cc thng tin trn,BSC s chy thut ton Handover (HO Algorithm) quyt nh c thc hin HO hay khng. 3/Nu phi HO,BSC s gi Handover Command cho MS.MS s c h thng thit lp mt kt ni mi sau khi gii ta kt ni c. Tng i c bit c hng di chuyn ca MS hay khng?Nu c hy gii thch. C tri mi bit MS mun di chuyn hng no.Tng i ch c th xc nh v tr ca MS m thi. 6. So snh knh FACCH v SACCH? 1/Ging nhau: -Cng thuc nhm knh DCCH (Dedicated control channel) -Cng thuc loi bi-direction channel (thng tin cho c uplink v downlink) 2/Khc nhau -SACCH (Slow associated control channel) c th dng kt hp vi TCH hay SDCCH trong mt multi-frame FACCH (Fast associated control channel) ch kt hp vi TCH (Chnh xc l mn bit TCH khi cn) -S dng FACCH khi cn truyn ti thng tin nhanh hn so vi SACCH trnh vic gin on lin lc (v d trong HO,mt multi-frame 26 ch c mt frame SACCH,do phi dng bin TCH thnh FACCH iu khin HO) -Uplink SACCH: truyn ti Measurement report Downlink SACCH: truyn ti thng tin h thng (LAI,Cell ID,NCC,TA,mc cng sut,...) FACCH: Phn pht cc bn tin HO v acknowledgement Cu 5. iu khin cng sut l g? Mc ch ca iu khin cng sut. Trnh by nhng cch iu khin cng sut trong di ng v cho bit cch no ti u hn? V sao? - iu khin cng sut l qu trnh iu chnh mc cng sut pht ca BTS v MS khi MS di chuyn li gn hay ra xa BTS Vi h thng GSM, BTS ch iu chnh cng sut 1 ln khi ci t (do BTS ch qun l 1 vng c nh), cn MS phi thay i mc cng sut pht ca mnh do s thay i v tr ca n so vi BTS. - Mc ch ca iu khin cng sut l cho php ch cn pht vi mc tn hiu cn thit (thp nht c th) m vn duy tr c cht lng cuc m thoi. Li ch chnh t vic iu chnh cng sut l gim nhiu knh v tuyn vi cc thit b khc v tng thi gian s dng

pin ca MS. - Nhng cch iu khin cng sut (1) iu khin vng h: MS o cng sut m n nhn c t BTS t iu chnh cng sut pht ca n. Dng iu khin cp th. u im: p ng nhanh Nhc im: Khng chnh xc do: (i) suy hao ng ln v ng xung khc nhau; (ii) cng sut m MS nhn c l tng cng sut ca tt c cc BTS xung quanh. (2) iu khin vng ng: BTS da vo cng sut nhn c t MS, kt hp tnh ton da trn cc thng s truyn sng quyt nh mc cng sut pht ca MS. Dng iu khin cp tinh; kt hp b sung cho kiu iu chnh cp th cch 1. Nh vy cch 2 s ti u hn do c s tnh ton ti u BSC. Thc t s dng kt hp c 2 cch v ln u khi MS truy nhp mng th s dng vng h (nh mc cng sut cn pht ln BTS ln u tin), sau khi truy nhp mng s dng vng ng c c mc cng sut pht ph hp nht. Cu hi thm v iu khin cng sut: iu khin cng sut trong h thng CDMA c g khc bit so vi h thng GSM? - Ngoi tit kim cng sut pht ca BTS v MS, khc vi GSM, iu khin cng sut trong CDMA cn phi iu chnh cng sut pht ca cc MS sao cho cc tn hiu uplink n BTS c mc cng sut bng nhau gim nh hng ln nhau gia cc knh uplink ca MS (hiu ng gn xa). - Bc iu chnh cng sut trong h thng GSM l 2dB, nhp iu chnh l 60ms (khong 16 ln mi s); trong CDMA, mi step iu chnh l 1dB, nhp 1,25ms (800 ln mi s). - Trong CDMA, BTS lin tc gim dn cng sut pht v khi FER bt u tng (tn hiu hi tip t MS) th BTS s tng cng sut pht. - Trong GSM, cng sut pht ca BTS thng c iu chnh trc mt mc c nh no ch khng iu chnh nh trong CDMA. Cu 7. Mng di ng Viettel c cp php s dng cc knh tn s t 43 n 82 a. S dng li tn s kiu 3/9. Mng mu gm 3 site (A, B, C), mi site gm 3 cell-sector (1, 2, 3) Knh tn s s dng c th trong mi cell nh bng di y:

- Cc cell A1, A2, B1, B2 s dng 5 knh tn s --> s knh logic ca h thng l 5*8=40 knh (40 khe thi gian - TS (TimeSlot)) Mi cell dnh 1TS cho BCH 1TS cho SDCCH v 1TS cho GPRS (nu cn) --> s TS dnh cho lu lng cn 40-3=37 TCH --> tc l c kh nng phc v ng thi cho 37 thu bao.

- Cc cell cn li s dng 4 knh tn s. Tng t ta tnh c s knh TCH l 4*8-3=29 TCH --> phc v ng thi cho 29 thu bao. BTS t trn site A hoc B s dng cu hnh 5/5/4 --> s thu bao phc v c ng thi trn cc BTS ny l: 2*37+29=103 thu bao BTS t trn site C s dng cu hnh 4/4/4 --> s thu bao phc v c ng thi trn BTS ny l: 3*29=81 thu bao. b. S dng li tn s kiu 4/12. Mng mu gm 4 site (A, B, C, D), mi site gm 3 cell-sector (1, 2, 3) Knh tn s s dng c th trong mi cell nh bng di y:

BTS t cc site s dng cng 1 cu hnh l 4/3/3 Tnh ton tng t nh trn, ta tnh c s thu bao phc v c ng thi trn mi BTS l: (4*8-3)+2*(3*8-3)=73 thu bao. Cu 9. Mt BTS c cu hnh 5/5/5 th ng truyn v BSC cn bao nhiu E1? Gii thch. Ta bit lung truyn dn l E1 (PCM30/32, 2048 kbps) tiu chun, mi mt trong 30 TS truyn tn hiu thoi ti 4 knh thoi s, mi knh c tc 16 kbps (l tn hiu thoi c s ha bng LPC vocoder kiu RPE-LTP), tc l 1 lung E1 c th truyn c ti a 120 knh thoi s GSM. Vi BTS cu hnh 5/5/5, tnh ton tng th nh cu 7 ta tnh c s knh TCH l: 3*(5*8-3)=111 TCH, nh vy ch cn 1 lung E1 truyn v BSC l ! Thm my cu na Cu 11: Ti sao khong phng v ca cm truy nhp (AB - Access Burst) li ln nh vy (68.25 bit)? N c quyt nh ci g khng? TA (Timming Advance) l g? Ti sao li phi c TA, khng c c c khng? Cu 12: Fading l g? nh hng ca n v bin php khc phc nhng nh hng xu? Cu 13: Khi MS truy nhp mng ln u n o cng thu ca ton b cc sng mang ng xung (tc l 124 sng mang i vi bng GSM900 c bn, 174 sng mang i vi EGSM900 v 374 sng mang i vi DCS1800) ri s chn ra sng mang c cng mnh nht cm tri trn sng mang , ng khng? Lm sao MS bit nh mng mnh ang ng k m chn sng mang c cng ln nht ca nh mng ? Cu 14: Ti sao cc knh iu khin SACCH, BCCH, CCCH (gm PCH v AGCH), CBCH v SDCCH li c sp xp theo t hp 4 knh khi truyn trong cu trc a khung (tr trng hp knh SACCH kt hp vi TCH)? T gii thch v sao bo co o lng ca MS n mng sau mi 480ms? Cu 15: Khi c mt cuc gi ti MS, lm sao mng nh tuyn ti ng MS ?