KYAMBOGO UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF ART AND INDUSTRIAL DESIGN
DEPARTMENT OF FINE ART
BACHELOR OF VOCATIONAL STUDIES ART AND DESIGN
WITH EDUCATION
YEAR 3 SEMSTER TWO
NAME: GROUP D
COURSEUNIT: ART EDUCATION
COURSE CODE: VADV 3201
LECTURER: DR. WATHUAM
Question;
Research about improvisational materials.
NO NAME REG NO CONTACT SIGN
1 LWANYAGA ANDREW NJAKASI 21/U/VAD/345/GV 0758413928
2 MULINDA HIRAM 21/U/VAD/5249/PD O752109788
3 NAKAMOGA SHAMIRAH 21/U/VAD/6079/PD 0756280295
4 NAMAGEMBE AISHA 21/U/VAD/6502/PD 0774363957
5 NAMUTEBI CINDY LETICIA 21/U/VAD/6824/PD 0703038328
6 BABIRYE AFAAYO JACKIE 21/U/VAD/15434/PD 0751389032
7 KIWANUKA MICHEAL 21/U/VAD/1550/PD 0760923829
8 SIMALI HENRY SYNDRICAL 21/U/VAD/8552/PD 0754535866
9 OLUMO ISMAEL 21/U/VAD/8059/PD 0788618633
10 AGAPE JULIET MARIO 21/U/VAD/0662/PD 0782786597
11 KWESIGA SUCCEED 21/U/VAD/15572/PD 0763108494
12 BALUKU RAZAKA 21/U/VAD/2362/PD 0781826160
13 MIREMBE HELLENA 21/U/VAD/15613/PD 0757766324
NAMULONDO
14 WAMBUI MERCY 21/U/VAD/9253/PD 0756786319
15 KAKWEZI ANNAH 21/U/VAD/3349/PD 0760478662
16 GUMISIRIZA TIMOTHY 21/U/VAD/09972/PD 0784839438
17 KATEGAYA TANAZIO BAGUMA 21/U/VAD/3602/PD 0775596218
18 CHEMUTAI HILLARY 21/U/VAD/2699/PD 0761507416
19 MUGALA SARAH PEACE 21/U/VAD/4997/PD 0709488076
20 OKELLO DANIEL KIDONGO 21/U/VAD/7856/PD 0780730958
21 NANZIRI JOVIA DDAMULIRA 21/U/VAD/7093/PD 0761646458
22 TUMWESIGYE SAM 21/U/VAD/15962/PD 0773229301
23 NAMAYANJA LYDIA 21/U/VAD/6607/PD 0764357470
WHAT IS IMPROVISATION OF TEACHING MATERIAL
Susan, O.,( 2022). In Educational, Instructional Materials, Social Studies, Teaching, Uncommon
Learning Standard Improvised teaching materials are needed when real instructional materials
are not available. Improvised teaching materials are those instructional materials which are used
in the absence of the real instructional materials. Instructional materials likely to be improvised
include animals like lion, tiger, elephant, etc.
The teacher can use films and slides, drawing, modeling, use of projector and pictures in place of
real instructional materials.
Types of instructional materials that can be improvised
Rubber.
Muhammad Fadzli Ali, et al., Rubber, elastic substance obtained from the exudations of certain
tropical plants (natural rubber) or derived from petroleum and natural gas (synthetic rubber).
Because of its elasticity, resilience, and toughness, rubber is the basic constituent of the tires
used in automotive vehicles, aircraft, and bicycles. More than half of all rubber produced goes
into automobile tires; the rest goes into mechanical parts such as mountings, gaskets, belts, and
hoses, as well as consumer products such as shoes, clothing, furniture, and toys. The rubber can
be improvised to make a squidgy for press paste through a screen on to the cloth.
The rubber bands can be improvised to create knots on a fabric during a tie and dye process of
fabric decoration.
Kim, R., Melissa, M., Santani, T., Hilary, H., (2023), Atlas. An atlas is a book or collection of
maps. Many atlases also contain facts and history about certain places. There are many kinds of
specialized atlases, such as road atlases and historical atlases. There are also star atlases, which
give the location and placement of stars, planets and other celestial objects. This is an example of
an Atlas as shown below.
The atlas is an improvised instructional material that can be used by student teachers to show the
students connect regarding land forms and location of places on the Earth's surface.
Paper
Paper is a thin sheet material produced by mechanically or chemically processing cellulose fibers
derived from wood, rags, grasses, or other vegetable sources in water, draining the water through
a fine mesh leaving the fiber evenly distributed on the surface, followed by pressing and drying.
this can be in terms of paper Mache, cardboard, plain paper.
The paper can be improvised to create papier Mache for the place of clay. it's lighter and easily
finished by painting.
Glue
Kinloch, A.J. (1987). Adhesive, also known as glue, cement, mucilage, or paste, is any non-
metallic substance applied to one or both surfaces of two separate items that binds them together
and resists their separation.
They can be improvised to pin up paperwork for exhibition and display purposes.
Nitrocellulose adhesive dispensed from a tube
The use of adhesives offers certain advantages over other binding techniques such as sewing,
mechanical fastenings, and welding. These include the ability to bind different materials
together, the more efficient distribution of stress across a joint, the cost-effectiveness of an easily
mechanized process, and greater flexibility in design. Disadvantages of adhesive use include
decreased stability at high temperatures, relative weakness in bonding large objects with a small
bonding surface area, and greater difficulty in separating objects during testing
Fabric offcuts
Fabric Offcuts, also called fabric remnants, are the portions of material that are left over from
production runs after the patterns have been cut. Offcuts can range from very small - just a few
inches, to meters long. It is common practice for these fabric offcuts to be discarded, giving them
an early demise in our landfills. During patterning of our garments, and production, on a usually
creates a little waste as possible. this creates the fabric offcuts.
The fabrics off can be used to create tie and dye samples for students during a fabric decoration
class.
They can be used in a place of seeds for collage and mosaic works.
Plastics
Edgar D, Edgar R (2009). Plastics are a wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic materials that
use polymers as a main ingredient. Their plasticity makes it possible for plastics to be molded,
extruded or pressed into solid objects of various shapes. This adaptability, plus a wide range of
other properties, such as being lightweight, durable, flexible, and inexpensive to produce, has led
to its widespread use. Plastics typically are made through human industrial systems. Most
modern plastics are derived from fossil fuel-based chemicals like natural gas or petroleum;
however, recent industrial methods use variants made from renewable materials, such as corn or
cotton derivatives.
the plastic bottles can be used in place of storage containers for pastes and dyes in the art and
design department.
Paints
Teegarden DM (2004). Paint is a material or mixture that, after applied to a solid material and
allowed to dry, adds a film-like layer. As art, this is used to create an image, known as a painting.
Paint can be made in many colors and types. Most paints are either oil-based or water-based, and
each has distinct characteristics.
The paints can be improvised to create color for block printing during session of fabric
decoration.
Leaves
Coxeter HS (1961). The leaf is one of the most important parts of a plant. Leaves produce food
for the plant through a process called photosynthesis. The leaves of different plants vary widely
in size, shape, and color.
The leaves can also be used to create patterns for block printing during. Instead of using a
properly cut block print design, to the leaves can be used to give a better design on to the surface
of a paper or fabric.
Rocks
Philpotts, Anthony R.; Ague, Jay J. (2009). In geology, rock (or stone) is any naturally occurring
solid mass or aggregate of minerals or mineraloid matter. It is categorized by the minerals
included, its chemical composition, and the way in which it is formed. Rocks form the Earth's
outer solid layer, the crust, and most of its interior, except for the liquid outer core and pockets of
magma in the asthenosphere. the rocks can be used as clams to hold down work while it's drying.
for example, wet fabrics can be clamped while exposed to sunlight during a drying process.
Disadvantages of Improvised Instructional Materials
Improvisation can cause irresponsibility, used as a pretext to justify one's idleness,
procrastination or anarchy, like a lazy student/worker/contestant postponing today's work for
tomorrow, assuming improvisation will be enough then. Or an artist/poet solely relying on
inspiration with no artistic knowledge or rules. Or an anarchist believing that lawlessness is a law
itself.
However important experimentation is, it is still limited, in the new knowledge and change it
offers. We cannot discover the world while improvising; absorbing a good book can be more
useful and enlightening than a thrilling experiment. We cannot bring real change by mere
improvisation, whose effect is temporary, requiring other elements to sustain such change:
planning, cooperation, perseverance, etc.
Every experiment has its own cost, time limit, ingredients, results, and rules it must follow.
Otherwise, when we fully rely on improvisation, we sacrifice all the knowledge we've grown in
life before that moment, the price of which is unpredicted, as one can LOSE CONTROL, and
accordingly coherence, meaning, purpose, energy, time, resources, fairness, safety, honesty, and
respect. Nothing is more dangerous than losing one's self-control.
Improvisation can be deceptive, by the seeming spontaneity it has, which is not an indicator of
honesty or originality. It only reflects the intelligence, experience, and diligence of the speaker
who may work in advance of the moment of truth. Everything we say or do is the result of what
had been practiced by our minds, minutes, years, or millennia before, that became inherent in our
thinking; conscious of it or not, directing or directed by us, it finally leads to our "seemingly"
spontaneous acts.
It involves expenditure of money
It is time consuming in that you have to think and plan for what to do and implement.
It is energy sapping
There is lack of awareness among teachers
If the teacher does not know what to improvise and how to go about it, it will make teaching and
learning uninteresting
The teacher and learners can be exposed to injury
Some proprietors and school heads may not be willing to contribute to improvising if it involves
the use of money.
Merits of Improvising Resources Materials
Improvisation is the best way to discover new shortcuts on the road of life, when old routes are
blocked, misleading, or dangerous, and change is a must. We have to break rules then, giving
free reign to our feelings, equally expressing pleasure and pain, gratitude and anger, without
reserve, when old thoughts, habits, traditions, politics ... no longer work, and REVOLT on
morbid stereotypes is a necessity.
Improvisation offers a new knowledge usually impossible under normal circumstances, freeing
suppressed ideas locked up in our heads, and accepting new unconventional ones, that many miss
out of fear, habit or apathy. It takes less cost and effort, yet more focus, tenacity and courage, to
cease the opportunity and all its benefits.
Improvisation boosts self-confidence, by what we discover alone without others' help, and by the
mere fact we ignored our fears to improvise and follow an idea/feeling/action to the end. We
become no more afraid of others or ourselves.
Meanwhile, others trust us more, for feeling and trying what we do and say first, preferring a
more honest spontaneous speaker/leader/artist/comedian ... to an artificial one too
good/organized to be true. They feel more pleased and grateful for letting them watch/share a
"live experiment" we perform before them, that none of us knows the outcome of.
It gives us pleasure, while we freely break and reshuffle rules, traveling down the mind's endless
lanes, and expressing whatever ideas without reserve—absurd, vague, complex, or incomplete,
reflecting the intriguing nature of life itself, whose mysteries we may later understand by better
tools.
It makes understanding, and life easier, preparing the mind for the more difficult concepts and
situations we are yet to face, when the memories of our free spontaneous actions later become
our best guide. We cannot trust rules or take orders we don't experiment and familiarize with
first.
Improvisation is vital for survival in unexpected difficult circumstances, if applying old
strategies is insufficient or useless. It fits and depends on chance, which is good when we have
no choice, time or guide, as its momentary power generates new thoughts and actions on the
spot. It's a risk worth taking when we risk life to save life. (Improvisation is like driving with one
hand, having the benefit of doing some things with the "free hand" yet the risk of losing control
over the busy one, and everything else. The wheel is our life, the busy hand is our mind, and the
free hand is our survival instinct experimenting with our unused potential and hidden abilities.)
It makes for effective teaching and learning of social studies
It makes learning easy
It is more economical
It makes slow learners and fast learners move at the same pace
It reduces the teachers’ work
It makes the students acquire skill and knowledge
It makes students to work with little or no supervision
It will increase the stock of instructional materials in the school. the advantages can include;
Confidence and self-acceptance
Ability to focus and concentrate
Ability to adapt to ever-changing circumstances
Ability to be courageous and vulnerable
Awareness of how one thinks
Awareness of the quality of one’s inner voice
Awareness of one’s emotions
Awareness of personal responsibility from choices made
Awareness of one’s strengths and areas of opportunities to develop
Sense of fun
Trust with team members
Ability to create and sustain rapport
Ability to see things from new perspectives
Ability to accept other people’s ideas and points of view
Ability to sacrifice one’s ego for the sake of the group
Awareness of space
Ability to create and share focus in space
Ability to create imaginary objects and environments in space
Ability to hold imaginary objects in the mind
REFERENCE
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impacts, challenges and proposed interventions." Forest Policy and Economics 127 (2021):
102449.
Fadhlan Zuhdi, "The Indonesian natural rubber export competitiveness in global market."
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https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/atlas/
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educational_audio
https://tophat.com/glossary/v/visual-learning/
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https://www.coverttheatre.com/about-improv
https://ra-ha.net/articles/improvisation.htm
