WELD REPAIR PROCEDURES Of BOILER COMPONENTS

S.SINGARAVELU SENIOR MANAGER WELDING TECHNOLOGY CENTRE

INTRODUCTION

Repair and maintenance of parts and components is a major activity in any process industry. Repair welding can be carried out as a logical procedure that ensures the part is usable and safe.

INTRODUCTION

Boilers are constructed in accordance to a recognized code and established fabrication and welding practice. IBR ASME If repairs are done with proper care or precautions, it can avoid premature failures and result in satisfied customers

WHY REPAIR WELDING IS CARRIED OUT

If there is an unacceptable defect existing in the weld region of the component in service. b. If there is an imperfection in the base material which when left in its place may impair the normal function of the component. c. Leads to failure if unattended.
a.

REPAIR WELDING
1.

Base material repair welding Weld repair a) SPOT Repair b) Replacement of Joint (CUT & WELD) - With addition of Spool Piece - Without addition of Spool Piece

2.

BASIC REQUIREMENTS OF REPAIR WELDING

Better quality than the original weld. Requires more care than original weld. (Since it may introduce more defects during repair)

PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH REPAIR WELDING

Incomplete removal of defect. Introduction of new defect due to improper procedure, consumables, techniques. Microstructure, material or toughness degradation consumable, base material, HAZ crack. (Process Heat input) Residual stress and distortion. Unfavorable environmental conditions that are beyond control of welder, eg. Poor accessibility, position, wind, rain, fit-up conditions.

Select
Process Welder Consumable Preheating arrangements Equipments

Carryout weld repair Conduct NDT & Certify Record the above activities

APPROACH TO WELD REPAIR

I.

Establishing the cause of the initial weld defect:Before attempting for a weld repair, know the cause and type of the weld defect already available, process and welder to be employed and other details related to the defect

II. Selection of welder

Use only IBR qualified welder for Pr part weld repair. Check
Validity Material qualified Position Thickness qualified Diameter Process Job configuration Genuinity of the certificate

Apart from verification of the certificate we can arrange for a mock up test for the welder & ascertain the suitability of the welder.

III. Avoid welding wherever possible:Do not attempt any welding if it is possible to avoid by resorting to dressing technique for defects like undercuts, notches which could be ground without affecting the performance of the components.

IV. Ensure the correct location of defect:To remove the defect positively and properly, ensure the detection of the location of the defect by using proper NDE method and mark it correctly.

DEFECT LOCATION

Visual inspection Evaluation by NDT

V. Make clean and smooth surface for welding:Excavate a smooth and clean well shaped cavity for better accessibility by employing air arc gouging, grinding or machining.

DEFECT REMOVAL

Carbon-arc gouging Chipping Grinding Machining. Flame cutting is not recommended due to the high heat input. When carbon-arc is used the temperature of the base metal should be at least 212 F (100 C).

DEFECT REMOVAL

Defect be completely removed to sound metal. Free from cracks, shrinkage or porosity. Use of magnetic-particle or dye-penetrant inspection of the cavity is strongly recommended.

Undercut

Surface Porosity & Slag

Internal Porosity

10 mm

Pin-hole Porosity

Start Stop Porosity

Worm-Hole Porosity

10 mm

Slag Inclusion

Solidification Cracking

Cold Cracking (Under bead cracking)

High cooling rate Inclusions

0.5 mm

Cold Cracking (Under bead cracking)

High cooling rate Inclusions

0.2 mm

GOUGING

Diameter of electrodes 4-19 mm Extension from the holder 150 mm. Turn on the air jet. Air blast behind the electrode. Electrode holder is held slanted. Done in all positions.

GOUGING

Vertical Position-Downward direction. Horizontal -Left to right or Right to Left. Over Head- Electrode is held parallel to the holder. Small push angle & low travel speed
Deep narrow groove.

Large push angle & High travel speed

Wide shallow groove.

GOUGING

Groove Width = Rod Diameter+3 mm. For Wider Groove do weaving. Grind 1.60 mm to remove the carburised layer. For dia. 9.5 mm electrode use 350-600 amps. Type of Groove : U or V.

VI. Ensure complete removal of defect:After the removal of defect by the above method ensure complete removal by again conducting an NDE.

VII. Avoid new defects:Avoid introducing new defects by taking extreme care and precautions while welding by employing proper and skilled welder, good fit-up, good welding conditions, techniques, consumables etc. Use preferably flat position welding wherever possible.

VIII. Micro-structure, material or toughness degradation:There is possibility of degradation of the material in micro-structure or mechanical properties (Strength, Toughness) by employing improper filler wire, HAZ crack, process (Increase in heat input) etc.

IX. Residual Stresses and Distortion:Due to additional welding and heat input, the residual stress may be increased, which may result in distortion.

X. Unfavorable Environmental condition:The conditions available for repair welding may be unfavorable viz. Poor accessibility, Awkward position, wind, rain, poor fit-up conditions etc.

XI. Control the heat input:Precise control of heat input during welding viz. Preheat, Postheat, during welding and stress relieving after welding will control the distortion of the components.

XII. Final NDE:Perform final NDE and evaluate. Ensure that the repair welding carried out is sound and defect free.

WELDING PROCESS

There are many welding processes available today, from completely automatic "electroslag" processes to semi- automatic "Metal-Inert-Gas" (MIG) process. In this procedure the "Shielded-Metal-ArcWelding" (SMAW) & GAS TUNGSTON ARC WELDING (GTAW) process will be considered .

MMAW
Process Capabilities: Versatile process Indoor & Outdoor welding Multi-position welding Equipment is simple & portable Universal process for repair welding Limitations: Productivity is less Fixed length of electrode

Deslaging

SHIELDING
FLUX
>> >> Provides slag blanket >> Alloying element will improve the mechanical properties >> Gives good appearance & penetration >> Welding in all position is easy >> Compensates for oxidation loss

Basic Electrodes:

> Adequate penetration > Slag removal is good > Contains more iron powder
> Good mechanical Properties

GTAW

a. b. c. d.

Torch Electrode Welding power source Shielding gas

GTAW

GTAW TORCH

WELDING CURRENT

SMAW process is usually DC Positive (Reverse Polarity). Any type of welding current generators may be used. Most welding machines have "rectifiers" with a capacity of at least 400 amps and a 100% duty-cycle.

Electrodes

Only low-hydrogen electrodes should be used for this process. In the AWS Classification the approved electrodes would be: EXX15, EXX16, and EXX18. It is important to keep these electrodes moisture-free after removing from the container. They should be stored in an oven at 250 F (120 C) and used within one (1) hour after removal.

Techniques

The bead should be of the "stringer" type. Heat input should always be kept as low as is practical. The welding pass sequence should be selected with the idea of keeping welding stresses to a minimum. The welding sequence passes should be separated as much as is practical. Interpass should be kept low by the use of small-diameter electrodes and low welding current.

WELDING PARAMETERS

Selection of the proper electrode for the particular base metal to be repaired Establishment of the correct preheat temperature to (a) maintain a low hardness in the Heat-Affected-Zone (HAZ) and (b) minimize welding stresses Suitable interpass temperature to reduce the effects of heating and cooling on the components.

Parameters

Selection of the proper electrode is based on the composition and mechanical properties of the metal to be welded. The composition of welding electrodes contains the same alloys i.e. manganese, nickel, chromium, molybdenum and vanadium. The carbon and silicon contents are lower than the base metal. Alloy content of the rod must be higher to achieve the same mechanical properties.

WPS Welding Procedure Specification PQR Procedure Qualification Record

Purpose of WPS & PQR

To determine that the Weldment proposed for construction is capable of having the required properties for its intended application

WPS
A written document that provides direction to the welder or welding operator for making production welds in accordance with the CODE requirements. It establishes the properties of the weldment, not the skill of the welder.

PQR
Shall document what occurred during welding the test coupon and results of testing of the coupon. As a minimum, the PQR shall document all the essential variables and other specific information for each process used during welding the test coupon and the results of the required testing.

Variables

Essential Non-essential

Supplementary essential

Essential Variables
A change in welding condition which will affect the mechanical properties of the weldment. e.g.: A) Change in P Number B) Filler metal C) Electrode D) PWHT, etc.

Non Essential Variables

A change in welding condition which will NOT affect the mechanical properties of the weldment. e.g. : A) Change in Joint Design B) Methods of Back gouging C) Cleaning. etc.

Supplementary Essential Variables

A change in welding condition which will affect the Notch-Toughness (Impact) properties of the weldment. e.g. : A) B) C) D) Change in Heat input Uphill or Down Vertical welding Diameter of Electrode Position, etc.

Points to be considered for establishing WPS

Code of construction Detailed drawing of weldment Material Thickness Configuration Process

Contract/Customer/ Code/TPI Preheat/Postheat/ PWHT requirements Skilled welder Good welding m/c with accessories Application

CONTENTS OF

WPS / PQR

Joints (QW-402)

Joint Design (V-groove, U-groove, Single-bevel etc.) Backing (YES/NO) Backing Material Type (Metal/Non-fusing Metal/Nonmetallic/Others)

Base Metals (QW-403)

P. Number & Group Number Specification Type & Grade OR Chemical Analysis & Mechanical Properties Thickness Range Groove : ______ Pipe Diameter Range Groove : ______

Fillet:______

Fillet :_______

Thickness Range
Thickness T of Test Coupon, Welded, (mm) Range of Thickness T of Base Metal, Qualified (mm) Maximum Thickness t of Deposited Weld Metal, Qualified, (mm) Min. Max. T 1.5 5 5 2T 2T 2T 2T 2t 2t 2t 2t when t < 19 2T when t > 19 38 and over 5 200 2t when t < 19 200 when t > 19

Less than 1.5 1.5 to 10, incl. Over 10, but less than 19 19 to less than 38

Filler Metals (QW-404)

AWS Classification SFA Number F. Number A. Number

Size of Filler metal Flux trade name Consumable insert Electrode flux class

Deposited Weld Metal Thickness range

Groove: ______ Fillet:______

F - NUMBERS

F-Number grouping of electrodes & welding rods is based essentially on their usability characteristics to reduce the number of tests required to qualify procedures and welders.

A - NUMBERS

Used to describe the weld deposit chemistry and is applicable only to the ferrous metals for the qualification of a welding procedure.

Position (QW-405)

Position Of Groove Position Of Fillet Weld Progression (UP/DOWN) Others

Preheat (QW-406)

Preheat Temperature (min.) Interpass Temperature (max.) Preheat Maintenance Others

PWHT (QW-407)

Temperature Range Time Range Others

 Preheat & PWHT requirement based on Diameter, Thickness and Composition of Base Material

GAS (QW-408)
Gas

Mix %

Flow Rate

Shielding Trailing Backing

Electrical Characteristics (QW-409)

Current (AC/DC) Polarity (EP/EN) Amps & Volts W-Electrode type & size Mode of Metal Transfer (GMAW) Electrode Wire Feed Speed range

Techniques (QW-410)

Stringer or Weave Bead Orifice/Gas Cup Size Initial or Interpass Cleaning Method of Back Gauging Oscillation Contact Tip to Work Distance Multiple or Single Pass (per side) Multiple or Single Electrode Electrode Spacing Peening Others

BHARAT HEAVY ELECTRICALS LIMITED TIRUCHIRAPALLI-620014 WELDING TECHNOLOGY CENTRE PROCEDURE QUALIFICATION RECORD

Form No. 101-403

Page 1 of 2 Procedure Qualification Record No WPS No : Welding Process : JOINTS (QW-402) : Date : Type : (Auto,Semi-Auto,Manual,Machine) BASE METALS (QW-403) Matl. Specn. : Type or Grade : P. No. : Thickness : Size : Others : POSITION (QW-405) Welding Position Weld Progression (Uphill/Downhill) Others: PREHEAT (QW-406) Preheat temp. Interpass temp. Postheat Others GAS (QW-408) Gas Shielding : ----Trailing : ----Backing : -----

Groove Design used FILLER METALS (QW-404) AWS No. (Class) : SFA : Filler Metal F No. : (Weld Metal Analysis) A No : Filler metal size : Deposited weld Metal thickness : Brand PWHT (QW-407) Temperature : Time : Others : :

: : : : : : :

Mixture(%) Flow rate ----------------------------

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (QW-409) Current : Polarity: Amps : Volt : ROL (mm/Electrode) : Tungsten Electrode type and size: Mode of metal Transfer: Others :

TECHNIQUE (QW-410) String/Weave Bead : Oscillation : Multipass or single pass : Multiple or single electrode: Travel speed : Others :

BHEL Tiruchirappalli-14

Page 2 of 2 PQR No.: TENSILE TEST (QW-150) Area Ultimate Ultimate mm Total Load Unit Stress kN N/mm

Specimen No.

Width mm

Thickness mm

Failure Location

GUIDED BEND TESTS (QW-160) Type & Fig No. QW-462.2 Result Type & Fog No. QW-462.2 Result

Specimen No

Notch Location

TOUGHNESS TEST (QW-170) Notch Test Impact Values Lateral Exp. Type Temp. Kg.m %Shear Mills CVN2mm C

Drop Weight Break No Break

FILLET WELD TEST (QW-180) Result-Satisfactory (Yes/No) : Macro Results (Yes/No) : Penetration into Parent metal (Yes/No) : OTHER TESTS Type of Test Result Report No. Deposit analysis : Others : : : :

Welders Name: Stamp No.: Test conducted by: BHEL Plant Laboratory Test No. : We certify that the statements in this record are correct and that the test welds were prepared , welded and tested in accordance with the requirements of Sec IX of the ASME code Edition 2004 and addenda July 2005. Approved by : (XXXXXXXX) XXXXXXX Prepared by : (XXXXXXXX) XXXXXXXXX

BHARAT HEAVY ELECTRICALS LIMITED TIRUCHIRAPPALLI-620014 WELDING TECHNOLOGY CENTRE WELDING PROCEDURE SPECIFICATION

Form No. 101 - 401

Page 1 of 2 WPS No. : Rev No. : Welding Process : Application : JOINTS (QW-402) Joint Design Backing (Yes/No) Backing Material (Type) Metal/Non fusing metal Non metallic/Others Date : Date : ---Supporting PQR No: Type : (Auto/Semi-Auto/Manual/Machine)

:. : :

BASE METAL (QW-403) P.No.: Group No.: Spec. Type & Grade : Chem. Analysis & Mech. Prop. : Thickness Range :Groove : Pipe Diameter Range :Groove : Others :

TO . . Fillet : Fillet :

P.No.:

Group No.:

FILLER METALS (QW-404) AWS No.(Class) : Specn. No.(SFA) : F.No. : A.No. : Deposited weld metal thickness range :Groove : Fillet : POSITION (QW-405) Position of Groove : Position of Fillet : Weld Progression : (Up/Down)

Size of filler metal Flux trade Name Consumable insert Electrode flux class

: : : :

PREHEAT (QW-406) Preheat Temp. (min) : Inter pass Temp. (max) : Post heat : Others :

BHEL Tiruchirappalli 14 PWHT(QW-407) Temp. Range : Time Range : Others : ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS ( QW 409 ) Current (AC/DC) : See table Amps (Range) : See table Tungsten Electrode type and size : . Mode of Metal transfer for (GMAW) : . Electrode wire feed speed range : . Pulsing current (GTAW) : . TECHNIQUES (QW-410) String or Weave Bead Orifice or Gas cup size Initial and Interpass Cleaning Method of Back Gouging Oscillation Contact tube to work distance Multiple or single pass (per side) Multiple or single Electrode Electrode spacing Peening Others Filler Weld Layer
Root & Capping Others -- do --

Page 2 of 2 WPS No : Rev : GAS ( QW - 408) Gases Shielding : Trailing : Backing :

Mix % -------

flow Rt -------

Polarity : See table Volts : See table

: : : : : : : : : : Dia. mm.

Brushing / Chipping / Grinding. .

. Nil Current Type Amps. Voltage Range Travel speed Range Others (Hot wire,Torch angle,ROL.)

Process

Class

Approved by : (xxxxxxxxx) xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Prepared by : (xxxxxxxxxxxx) xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

BM used for procedure qualification coupon One metal from a P-No. to any metal from the same P-No. One metal from a P-No. to any metal from the any other P-No.

Base Metals Qualified Any metal assigned that P or S No. Any metal assigned the 1st P or S No. to any metal assigned the 2nd P or S No.

One metal from P-No. 3 to any metal from P-No. Any P or S No. 3 metal to any metal 3 assigned P or S No. 3 or 1 One metal from P-No. 4 to any metal from P-No. Any P or S No. 4 metal to any metal 4 assigned P or S No. 4, 3 or 1 One metal from P-No. 5A to any metal from PNo. 5A One metal from P-No. 5A to any metal from PNo. 4, 3 or 1 Any P or S No. 5A metal to any metal assigned P or S No. 5A, 4, 3 or 1 Any P or S No. 5A metal to any metal assigned P or S No. 4, 3 or 1

One metal from P-No. 4 to any metal from P-No. Any P or S No. 4 metal to any metal 3 or 1 assigned P or S No. 3 or 1

Any unassigned metal to the same unassigned metal

Any unassigned metal to any P-No. metal Any unassigned metal to any other unassigned metal

The unassigned metal to itself

The unassigned metal to any metal assigned to the same P or S No. as the qualified metal The first unassigned metal to the second unassigned metal

S - Number
They are mostly ASTM specification materials that have not been adopted within Section II, Part D but that are referred within Code Cases and the ASME B31 Code. e.g. A 588 Gr A
A 576 G10100

S-No. 3 Group No. 1 S-No. 1 Group No. 1

SFA NO. 5.01 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.10 5.11 5.12 5.13 5.14 5.15 5.16 5.17 5.18 5.19 5.20 5.21 5.22 5.23 5.24 5.25 5.26 5.27 5.28 5.29 5.30 5.31 5.32

DESCRIPTION Filler Metal Procurement Guidelines Carbon Steel Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding Carbon and Low Alloy Steel Rods for Oxy Fuel Gas Welding Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding Stainless Steel Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding Low Alloy Steel Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding Covered Copper and Copper Alloy Arc Welding Electrodes Copper and Copper Alloy Bare Welding Rods and Electrodes Filler Metal for Brazing and Braze Welding Bare Stainless Steel Welding Electrodes and Rods Bare Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy Welding Electrodes and Rods Nickel and Nickel Alloy Welding Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding Tungsten and Tungsten Alloy Electrodes for Arc Welding and Cutting Solid Surfacing Welding Rods and Electrodes Nickel and Nickel Alloy Bare Welding Electrodes and Rods Welding Electrodes and Rods for Cast Iron Titanium and Titanium Alloy Welding Rods and Electrodes Carbon Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for Submerged Arc Welding Carbon Steel Filler Metals for Gas Shielded Arc Welding Carbon steel Electrodes for Flux Cored Arc Welding Composite Surfacing Welding Rods and Electrodes SS Electrodes for FCAW and SS Flux Cored Rods for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Low Alloy Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for Submerged Arc Welding Zirconium and Zirconium Alloy Welding Electrodes and Rods Carbon and Low Alloy Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for Electro-slag Welding Carbon and Low Alloy Steel Electrodes for Electro-gas Welding Low Alloy Steel Electrodes and Rods for Gas Shielded Arc Welding Low Alloy Steel Electrodes for Flux Cored Arc Welding Consumable Inserts Fluxes and Brazing and Braze Welding Welding Shielding Gases

F-Number 1 2 3 4

Description CS, LAS and certain SS (EXX2X) electrodes CS titania-coated (EXX12, EXX13, EXX14 & EXX19) electrodes CS cellulose-coated (EXX10 & EXX11) electrodes CS & LAS all position, low hydrogen (EXX15, EXX16, EXX18 & EXX48) electrodes & martensitic, ferritic & ppt. hardening SS all position (EXX15, EXX16 & EXX17) electrodes Austenitic and duplex SS all-position (EXX15, EXX16 & EXX17) electrodes Solid, Flux-cored & composite ferrous electrodes & rods ---

5 6 ---

F - NUMBERS (QW - 432)

Steel and Steel Alloys
F-No. ASME Classification AWS Classification 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 SFA-5.1 SFA-5.1 SFA-5.1 SFA-5.1 SFA-5.1 SFA-5.4 SFA-5.4 SFA-5.5 SFA-5.5 SFA-5.1 SFA-5.1 SFA-5.1 SFA-5.1 SFA-5.5 SFA-5.1 SFA-5.1 SFA-5.5 SFA-5.5 SFA-5.1 SFA-5.1 SFA-5.1 SFA-5.1 SFA-5.1 EXX20 EXX22 EXX24 EXX27 EXX28 EXXX(X)-25 EXXX(X)-26 EXX20-X EXX27-X EXX12 EXX13 EXX14 EXX19 E(X)XX13-X EXX10 EXX11 E(X)XX10-X E(X)XX11-X EXX15 EXX16 EXX18 EXX18M EXX48
F-No. ASME Classification 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 SFA-5.4 other than austenitic and duplex SFA-5.4 other than austenitic and duplex SFA-5.4 other than austenitic and duplex SFA-5.5 SFA-5.5 SFA-5.5 SFA-5.5 SFA-5.5 AWS Classification EXXX(X)-15 EXXX(X)-16 EXXX(X)-17 E(X)XX15-X E(X)XX16-X E(X)XX18-X E(X)XX18M E(X)XX18M1 EXXX(X)-15 EXXX(X)-16 EXXX(X)-17 All classifications All classifications All classifications All classifications All classifications All classifications All classifications All classifications All classifications All classifications All classifications INMs-X IN5XX IN3XX(X)

5 SFA-5.4 austenitic and duplex 5 SFA-5.4 austenitic and duplex 5 SFA-5.4 austenitic and duplex 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 SFA-5.2 SFA-5.9 SFA-5.17 SFA-5.18 SFA-5.20 SFA-5.22 SFA-5.23 SFA-5.25 SFA-5.26 SFA-5.28 SFA-5.29 SFA-5.30 SFA-5.30 SFA-5.30

ANo. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Weld Metal Analysis, % [Single values shown are maximum ] Types of Weld Deposit C Mild Steel Carbon-Molybdenum Chrome (0.4% to 2%)Molybdenum Chrome (2% to 6%)Molybdenum Chrome (6% to 10.5%)Molybdenum Chrome-Martensitic Chrome-Ferritic Chromium-Nickel Chromium-Nickel Nickel to 4% Manganese-Molybdenum Nickel-ChromeMolybdenum 0.20 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.30 0.15 0.17 0.15 Cr 0.50 0.40-2.00 2.00-6.00 6.00-10.50 11.00-15.00 11.00-30.00 14.50-30.00 19.00-30.00 1.50 Mo 0.40-0.65 0.40-0.65 0.40-1.50 0.40-1.50 0.70 1.00 4.00 6.00 0.55 0.25-0.75 0.25-0.80 Ni 7.50-15.00 15.00-37.00 0.80-4.00 0.85 1.25-2.80 Mn 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.20 2.00 1.00 2.50 2.50 1.70 1.25-2.25 0.75-2.25 Si 1.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 1.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

Selection of Filler Metal

Tube Material

P1/Gr1,2

P3/Gr1
ER80S-G (RT Mo) E7018-1 ER80S-G (RT Mo) E7018-A1

P4/Gr1
ER80S-G (RT Mo) E7018-1 ER80S-G (RT Mo) E7018-A1

P5A/Gr1
ER80S-G (RT Mo) E7018-1 ER80S-G (RT Mo) E7018-A1

P5B/Gr2

P8/Gr1,2
ERNiCr-3 ENiCrFe-3

ER80S-G P1/Gr1,2 (RT Mo) E7018-1 P3/Gr1

P4/Gr1

ER80S-G ER80S-G ER80S-G ERNiCr-3 (1Cr Mo) (1Cr Mo) (1Cr Mo) ENiCrFe-3 E8018-B2 E8018-B2 E8018-B2 ER90S-G ER90S-G ERNiCr-3 (2Cr1Mo) (2Cr1Mo) ENiCrFe-3 E9018-B3 E9018-B3 ER90S-B9 E9018-B9 ERNiCr-3 ENiCrFe-3

P5A/Gr1

P5B/Gr2

Filler metals suitable for welding joints between dissimilar austenitic stainless steels
Base Metal 304L 308 309 309S 310 310S 316,316H 316L 308,316 317 321,321H 347,347H,348,348H 308

304,304H,305 308L 308L 308,309 308,309 308,309, 310 308,309, 310 308,316 304L 308 309 309S 310 310S 316,316H 316L 317 321,321H 308L 308,309 308,309 308,309, 310 308,309, 310 308,316 308,309 308,309 308,309, 310 308,309, 310 308,316 309 309,310 309,310 309,310 309S,310S 308,316 308,316 316

308,316, 317 308

308L,316L 308,316, 317 308L,347 308L,347 308,316 309,316 308,316, 317 308 309,316 309,347 309,347 308,310 308,310 308,316 316L 308,317 308,347 309,347 309,347 308,310 308,310 308,316, 347 316L,347 308,317, 347 308L,347

309S,316L 310,317 310,316 316 316 317 316,317 317

Carbon Steel
BM SPECIFICATION
FILLER METAL PWHT TEMPERATURE Diameter mm ALL ALL Thickness mm < 19 <9

SA210GrA1, SA210GrC
ER80S-G (0.5Mo), E7018-1 610+15 deg.C Preheat (min.) Deg. C Nil Nil PWHT Remarks

Nil Nil

C < 0.25% C < 0.30%

Low Alloy Steel (0.5Mo)

BM SPECIFICATION
FILLER METAL PWHT TEMPERATURE Diameter mm < 127 Thickness mm < 13

SA209T1
ER80S-G (0.5Mo), E7018-A1 635+15 deg.C Preheat (min.) Deg. C Nil PWHT Remarks

Nil

Low Alloy Steel (1Cr,0.5Mo)

BM SPECIFICATION
FILLER METAL PWHT TEMPERATURE

SA213T11, SA213T12
ER80S-G (1Cr,0.5Mo), E8018-B2 655+15 deg.C

Diameter mm < 127

Thickness mm < 13

Preheat (min.) Deg. C 125

PWHT

Remarks

Nil

Low Alloy Steel (2.25Cr,1Mo)

BM SPECIFICATION
FILLER METAL PWHT TEMPERATURE

SA213T22
ER90S-G (2.25Cr,1Mo), E9018-B3 695+15 deg.C

Diameter mm < 102

Thickness mm <8

Preheat (min.) Deg. C 150

PWHT

Remarks

Nil

C < 0.15% Cr < 3.0%

Alloy Steel (9Cr,1Mo,0.25V)

BM SPECIFICATION
FILLER METAL PWHT TEMPERATURE

SA213T91
ER90S-B9, E9018-B9 760+10 deg.C

PREHEAT TEMPERATURE 220 deg.C

For all Dia. and Thickness, PWHT is mandatory