condenser

components data given conversions:

benzoic acid mass flow 10000 kg/h 10000
water vapor enthalpy -896.2 kJ/kg
toluene condensate enthalpy -1709 kJ/kg
oxygen cooling water in,t1 30 oC
benzyl alcohol cooling water out,t2 40 oC
benzyl aldehyde Cp water 4.18
components in,T1 300 oC
Components out,T2 100 oC

.
heat ransfer from vapor using equation:
Q 2257.7778 kW
Q= m Δ enthalpy

Cooling water flow, using equations: .

Q
m 54.013822 m=
CΔT

assummed overall coefficient (from table 12.1)

900 W/m2oC

T 1 −T 2 R 20
R=
t 2 −t 1
S 0.037037
t 2 −t 1
S=
T 1 −t 1
try a horizontal exchanger, condensation in the shell with 2 tube passes. For one shell pass, 2 tube passes, the correction facto

Ft 0.982409 √ ( R2 + 1 ) ln (1−S
1− RS )
Ft=
find ∆Tlm : ∆Tlm

∆Tm
144.7965 oC

142.2494 C o
( R −1 ) ln
[ 2− S ( R+1− √ ( R2 +1 ) )
2− S ( R+1+ √ ( R +1 ) )
2 ]
Q=UA ΔT m ( T 1 −t 2 )−( T 2 −t 1 )
ΔT lm =
trial area, A A 17.63552 m2
18 m 2 ln
( T 1−t 2
T 2 −t 1 )
c
surface area of a tube: (choose 16 mm o.d and 2 mm thickness)
outside diameter 16 mm
inside diameter 14 mm
length of tube 3.65 m
area 0.183469 m2
number of tubes, Nt 98.10911
100

use square pitch, Pt = 1.25 do

pt 20 mm

tube bundle diameter, Db from table 12.4, for 2 tube passes:

( )
1
Nt n1
Db 268.7168 mm K1 0.156 D b =d 0
269 mm n1 2.291 K1

number of tube in centre row,

Nr 13.45
14

shell side coefficients:

estimate tube wall temperature, T w: asume condensing coefficient of 1500 W/m 2oC
coeff 1500 W/m2oC
mean temperature:
shell side 200 oC
tube side 35 oC
Tw 101 oC

mean emperature condensate:

150.5 oC

physical properties at 150.5 oC

µL 0.374 cp
ρL 889.4 kg/m3
kL 0.1852 W/mK

vapor density at mean temperature:

ρv 13.12 kg/m3
Гh 0.00761 kg/sm

[ ]
Nr 9 1 −1
ρL ( ρ L−ρV ) g 3 6
using kern's method, the mean coefficiet for tube bundle:
hc 1695.776 W/m2oC
(h c )b=0.95k L μL Γh
Nr

close enough to assumed value of 1500 W/m 2oC, so no correction to Tw needed.

tube side coefficient

Area 0.007697 m2
ρ @ 35oC 1000 kg/m3
 ut 7.017606 m/s
4200 ( 1. 35+ 0. 02 t ) u 0 . 8
t
hi =
hi 24139.52 W/m C 2o d 0.
i
2

Fouling factor, as neither fluid is heavily foulng, use 6000 W/m 2oC for each side:
fouling 6000 W/m2oC
kw 50 W/moC

overal coefficient:
1/U 0.001016 m2oC/W
U 984.6859 W/m2oC

this value is close enough to the estimated value, 900 W/m 2oC.

shell side pressure drop:

use pull through flating head type,
select: baffle spacing, lb = shell diameter, Ds with 45 % cut.
from figure 12.10,
clearance 89 mm
shell i.d. 358 mm
lb 358 mm
use Kern's method to make an approximate estmate:
As 0.025633 m2
Gs 108.3681 kg/sm2
de 15.7988 mm
µv 0.0129 cp
Re 132719.8
from figure 12.30,
jf 0.018
us 8.259764 m/s

tube presure drop as 50 % of that calculated using inlet flow:

∆Ps 7444.582 N/m2
( )( ) ( )
2
DS L ρus μ −0. 14
7.444582 kPa ΔP s =8 j f
de l B 2 μw
Tube side presure drop:
µwater 0.7972 cp
Re 123239.4
from figure 12.24,
jf 0.0024
passes, Np 2
neglect viscocity terms:

[ ( )( ) ]
−m ρu 2
L μ t
∆Pt 369632.3 N/m 2 ΔP t =N P 8 jf +2 . 5
di μw 2
369.6323 kPa
 conversions:
kg/h 2.777778 kg/s

be passes, the correction factor, F t :

( 1−S
1− RS )
−S ( R+1− √ ( R2 +1 ) )
−S ( R+1+ √ ( R +1 ) )
−( T 2 −t 1 )
2 ]
2

1
)
 ( )
1
Nt n1
D b =d 0
K1

]
1 −1
−ρV ) g 3 6
Nr
Γh