okccsrf;omvrf;nGef

Ellen G. White a&;om;onfh Steps to Christ pmtkyfudk

OD;apmOD;u “okccsrf;omvrf;nTef” trnfjzifh
jrefrmjyefqdkonf/
 a&S;OD;pum;
þpmapmif\trnfrSm ‘ “okccsrf;omvrf;nTef” [kac:qdk
xm;onftwdkif; ajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;ESifhNidrfoufjcif;csrf;omudk
&SmazGaeaomolwdkYonf rdrdwdkYudk,fudkvHk;vHk;tyfESHvsuf tjypfom;
wdkY\rdwfaqGMuD;üpGJjrJpGmtm;xm;,HkMunfjcif;jzifhrdrdwdkY\ &nf&G,f
csufwnf;[laom aumif;csD;r*FvmudkMuG,f0pGmcH,l&&SdEdkifMuav
onf/ þpmapmifüaz:jyxm;aomMo0g'rsm;? EId;aqmffcsufrsm;
wdkUonf pdwf'ku¨a&mufolwdkYtm; pdwfoufomjcif;ESifharQmfvifhjcif;
tcGifhxl;rsm;udkcsay;avjyD/ wynfhawmftrsm;wdkYtm; rdrdwdkY\
a&SUaqmifvrf;jyMuD;\ ajcawmf&mudk wpfoa0rwdrf;vdkufavQmuf
apjcif;iSm omí,HkMunfudk;pm;vsuf omíaysmfarGUjcif;tcGifhudk
vnf; &&SdapavjyD/
xdktwl xdkodkYaomtultnD tm;ay;wdkufwGef;jcif;udk
tvdk&SdMuaomvltrsm;wdkYtm; owif;aumif;rsm;udk þpmapmifu
az:jyvdrfhrnf[karQmfvifhygonf/ þ “okccsrf;omvrf;nTef”
pmapmifudkzwfaomtcg aumif;uifokccsrf;om\taMumif;udk
pmzwfolwdkYonf wdk;íodjrifvmMuygvdrfhrnf/
 rmwdum

vlom;twGufbk&m;ocif\\arwÅmawmf------------- 1
u,fwif&Sifudkvdkvm;aomtjypfom; ---------------- 14
aemufww&m; ------------------------------- 23
tjypfudkaz:jy0efcsjcif; ------------------------- 46
qufuyfylaZmfjcif; ---------------------------- 54
,HkMunfjcif;ESifhvufcHawmfrljcif; ------------------- 63
wynfhawmftjzpffudkppfaq;jcif; ------------------- 74
jrifhjrwfaomoltjzpfodkYMuD;yGm;jcif;------------------ 89
trIaqmifjcif;ESifhtouf&Sifjcif; ------------------ 104
bk&m;ocifudkoduRrf;jcif;ynm ------------------- 116
qkawmif;jcif;tcGifhta&; ----------------------- 129
,HkrSm;oHo,pdwfuif;a0;a&; -------------------- 151
bk&m;ocifüarGUavsmfjcif; ---------------------- 166

---000---
 1
vlom;twGufbk&m;ocif\
arwÅmawmf
obm0wGifxif&Sm;az:jyxm;aomt&mwdkYonf bk&m;ocif
\arwÅmawmfudktwlwuGoufaocHMuavonf/ aumif;uifbHk
ü&Sdawmfrlaom uREfkyfwdkY\tzcrnf;awmfonf touf? OmPf
ynmESifh0rf;ajrmufjcif;\tjrpfrlvjzpfawmfrl\/ obm0\vSy
wifhw,fthHMozG,faomt&m0w¦Krsm;udkMunfhyg/ vlomru
touf&SifaomowÅ0gtaygif;wdkY\vdktifqE´ESifhaysmfarGUjcif;tzdkY
tHHhMozG,faumif;avmufatmif pDrHzefwD;xm;csufrsm;udkqifjcif
Munfhyg/ ajrMuD;udkpdrf;vef;pdkjynfapvsuf ESpfoufzG,fjzpfaom
aea&mifESifhrdk;a&? awmifrsm;? yifv,frsm;ESifhvGifjyifrsm;tm;
vHk;wdkYonfzefqif;awmfrlaombk&m;ocif\arwÅmawmftaMumif;udk
>rufqdkMuavonf/ rdrd\owÅm0gtaygif;wdkYtwGuf aeYpOfvdktyf
aomt&mrsm;udkaxmufyHhawmfrlaom bk&m;ocifjzpfawmfrl\/
wifhw,faompum;rsm;jzifh qmvHq&mu atmufygtwdkif;
ajymqdkxm;\/
cyfodrf;aomowÅ0gwdkYonf udk,fawmfudkarQmfMunfhí
tcsdefwefrSolwdkYudkauR;arG;awmfrl\/vufawmfudkzGifhí touf
&SifaomowÅ0gtaygif;wdkYudk a&mifh&Japawmfrl\/”(qmvHusrf;
145;15?16/)
 okccsrf;omvr;fnTef
2

bk&m;ocifonf vludkvkH;vHk;oefU&Sif;íaysmf&TifzG,faumif;
aomtjzpfü jyKjyifzefqif;xm;awmfrl\/ ¤if;jyifvSyaomajrMuD;
onf zefqif;awmfrlaombk&m;ocif\vufawmfrSjzpfay:vmpOftcg
u odrfarGUpGmapmifha&SufjyKpkjcif;taMumif; rdrd\om;orD;rsm;udk
ysufpD;,dk,Gif;jcif;vu©Pm (odkUr[kwf ) usdefjcif;\t&dyfta&mif
tenf;i,frQrygr&SdcJhyg/ cspfjcif;arwÅmawmfw&m;wnf;[laom
bk&m;ocif\ynwfawmfudkvGefusL;jcif;onf tjypfESifhaojcif;udk
,laqmifvmav\/ odkYaomftjypfaMumifh cHpm;&aom'ku©qif;&J
jcif;rsm;tv,fü bk&m;ocif\arwÅmawmfonf xif&Sm;vsuf
&Sd\ / bk&m;ocifonf vl\tusdK;tvkdUiSm ajrMuD;tm;usdefjcif;
udkcHapawmfrl\”[ka&;om;xm;\ / (urÇmOD;usrf; 3;17/)
tjypfuay:vmapaom ysufpD;,dk,Gif;jcif;ESifh,kwfnhHatmufwefus
aomtajctaerSqGJiif,lzdkY bk&m;ocif\tMuHtpnfawmfwGif
vdktyfaomoifcef;pmwpfcktjzpfESifh vl\toufwmudkyifye;fí
pdk;&rfaMumifhMuzG,fjzpfapaomcufcJjcif;rsm;ESifhpHkprf;jcif;rsm;wnf;
[laomql;yifESifhawmyifrsm;udk vl\aumif;usdK;tvdkYiSmpDrHxm;
awmfrl\ / urÇmajrMuD;onf qHk;&IH;vsuf&Sdaomfvnf; tm;vkH;wdkYonf
0rf;enf;jcif;ESifh'ku©qif;&Jjcif;wdkYudkoufa&mufaponfr[kwfyg/
obm0ypönf;xJrSmyif arQmfvifhjcif;? oufomjcif;ESifhqdkifaom
owif;pum;rsm;&Sdayonf/ awmyifrsm;tay:wGifyef;rsm;yGifhae
vsuf ESif;qDyif\ql;rsm;udkvnf; ye;fyGifhrsm;uzHk;tkyfxm;vsuf
&Sd\ /

3
 vlom;twGufbk&m;ocif\arwÅmawmf

yGifhpjyKaomtzl;ESifh aygufpjyKaeaomjrufyif\xdyfzsm;
toD;toD;tay:wGif ] bk&m;ocifonfcspfjcif;arwÅmjzpfawmf
rl\} [laomtcsufudka&;xm;vsuf&Sd\/ ESpfoufzG,f&maumif;
aomiSufwdkYonf rdrdwdkY\om,maomoDcsif;oHrsm;udkavxJü
ay:xgufvmapMu\/El;nHhvsufa&mifpHktqif;ESifhjynfpHkaomyef;
rsm;onf pHkpHkvifvifjzifhyGifhvmvsuf rdrdwdkY\teHhtoufrsm;
tm;jzifh avudkarT;MudKifaeap\/ opfawmMuD;rsm;wGif tvGef
jrifhvsuf pdrf;vef;pdkjynfaomt&Gufrsm;? tudkif;tcufrsm;ESifh
a0qmtkyfqdkif;aeaomopfyifMuD;rsm;wnf&SdaeMu\/þt&mtm;vHk;
wdkYonf uREfkyfwdkYtbbk&m;ocif\odrfarGY0rf;ajrmuf&TifjrL;apzdkY
&ef udk,fawmfwdkiftvdk&SdawmfrlaMumif;udkoufaocHMu\ /
bk&m;ocif\EIwfxGufpum;awmfonf bk&m;ocif\bkef;awmf
ESifhoabmawmftaMumif;udkxif&Sm;ap\/ bk&m;ocifudk,fawmf
wdkif arwÅmawmfESifhu&kPmawmftaMumif;udkaz:jyxm;awmfrlcJh
jyD/ arma&Sonf ]udk,fawmf\bkef;awmfudktuREfkyftm;jyawmf
rlyg} [kawmif;avQmufaomtcg xm0&bk&m;u? ]ig\aumif;
rGefjcif;&SdorQudkoifha&SUüigavQmufoGm;aprnf} [kjyefírdefYawmf
rl\/ (xGufajrmuf&musrf; 33;18?19/) þt&monf bk&m;ocif
\bkef;awmfjzpfayonf/ xm0&bk&m;onf arma&S\a&SUü<uoGm;
awmfrlí ]xm0&bk&m;? xm0&bk&m;? cspfoem;jcif;? arwÅm?
u&kPmESifhjynfhpHkípdwf&Snfjcif;? aus;Zl;jyKjcif;? opömapmifhjcif;ESifh
<u,f0awmfrlxaom?taxmiftaomif;rsm;aomolwdkYtm; oem;jcif;
aus;Zl;w&m;udkapmifhawmfrlxaom?twif;tusyfusifhjcif;? w&m;awmf
 okccsrf;omvrf;nTef
4

udkvGefusL;jcif;? jypfrSm;jcif;tjypfwdkYudkajzvTwfawmfrl\/}
(xGufajrmuf&musrf; 34;6?7/) ]xm0&bk&m;üpdwf&Snfaom
oabm? aus;Zl;jyKcsifaomoabm&Sdawmfrl\/(a,me0w¦L 4;2/)
taMumif;rl;um; udk,fawmfonf u&kPmüarGUavsmfaomaMumifh
wnf;?} (rdu©mtem*wdÅusrf; 7;18/)
aumif;uifESifhajrMuD;ay:&Sd ra&rwGufEdkifaomvu©Pmouf
aorsm;tm;jzifh bk&m;ocifonf uREfkyfwdkU\pdwfESvHk;udkrdrdxHawmf
odkUqGJiifwkyfaESmifawmfrl\/ vlwdkY\pdwfESvHk;jzifhod&SdEdkifaom
obm0\0w¦Kypönf;rsm;ESifhteufeJqHk;? El;nhHodrfarGUqHk;aom
avmucsnfaESmifqufoG,f&mrsm;tm;jzifh bk&m;ocifonf rdrd
udk,fwdkifudkuREfkyfwdkYtm;xif&Sm;az:jyawmfrl&ef MuHpnfawmfrlcJhjyD/
odkY&mwGif þt&mrsm;tm;jzifh bk&m;ocif\arwÅmawmfudkpHkvif
pGmrxifr&Sm;apEdkifao;yg/ þvu©Pmoufaotaygif;wdkYudk
xif&Sm;pGmaz:jyawmfrlaomfvnf; vlwdkYonf bk&m;ocifudkaMumuf
&GHUjcif;ESifharQmfMunfhvsuf udk,fawmfonf jyif;xefí tjypfvTwf
awmfrrlaombk&m;ocifjzpfonf[k xifjrifMurnfaMumif; aumif;
jrwfaomt&m\&efolonf olwdkY\pdwfoabmudktrdkufarSmifESifh
zHk;vTrf;ap\/ vlwdkUonfbk&m;ociftm; cufxefMurf;MuKwfaom
w&m;olMuD;? aphpyfaocsmíMurf;wrf;aomNrD&SifuJhokdUxifrSwfap&ef
pmwefonf vlrsm;udkaoG;aqmifwwf\/ bk&m;ocifonf vlrsm;
wdkYtm;w&m;pD&ifEdkifrnftaMumif; jiLplaomrsufESmxm;jzifhvlwdkY
\rSm;,Gif;csufrsm;ESifh,dk,Gif;csufrsm;wdkYudkppfaq;&SmazG&ef acsmif;
ajrmif;vsufaeaomoluJhodkUpmwefu o&kyfay:atmifaz:jy\/
 vlom;twGufbk&m;ocif\\arwÅmawmf 5

bk&m;ocif\arwÅmawmfudkavmutm;az:jyjcif;jzifh þarSmif&dyf
udkz,f&Sm;zkdU&efocifa,&IonfvlwdkUtxJüvma&mufaexdkifawmf
rlcJh\/
crnf;awmf\taMumif;udkxif&Sm;apjcif;iSmbk&m;ocif\
om;awmfonf aumif;uifrSqif;oufawmfrl\/ bk&m;ocifudk
tb,folrQrjrifzl;aomfvnf;crnf;awmf\&ifcGifü&Sdaomwpfyg;
wnf;aomom;awmfonf bk&m;ocifudkxif&Sm;awmfrljyD/
(a,m[efc&pf0if 1;18/)om;awmfESifhom;awmfonfvif;apaom
olrSwpfyg;tb,folrQcrnf;awmfudkrod/(róJc&pf0if 11;27/)
wpfa,mufaomwynfhawmfu? ]crnf;awmfudktuREkfyfwdkYtm;
jyawmfrlyg} [kavQmufaomtcg?a,&Iu?]zdvdyÜK? þrQumv
ywfvHk;igonfoifwdkYESifhtwl&SdjyD;rSoifonfighudkrodao;oavm/
ighudkjrifaomolonfcrnf;awmfudkjrif\/odkUjzpfvQif crnf;awmfudk
uREfkyfwdkUtm;jyawmfrlyg[k oifonftb,fodkUqdk&oenf;} [k
jyefírdefYawmfrlawmfrl\/ (a,m[efc&pf0if 14;8?9/)
ajrMuD;ay:üjyKvkyfaqmif&Guf&rnfh trIawmftaMumif;udk
az:jy&mwGif a,&Iu? ]xm0&bk&m;onf qif;&Jom;wdkUtm;
0rf;ajrmufp&mowif;udkMum;ajymapjcif;iSm ighudkbdodufay;awmf
rljyD/ aMurGaomolwdkY\temudkaysmufapjcif;iSmvnf;aumif;?
zrf;oGm;csKyfxm;vsuf&SdaomolwdkYtm; vTwfjcif;taMumi;fESifh
rsufpduef;aomolwdkUtm; rsufpdjrifjyefapjcif;taMumif;udkjyap
jcif;iSmvnf;aumif;? nSif;qJcH&aomolwdkYudku,frapjcif;iSm
vnf;aumif;? xm0&bk&m;\r*FvmESifhumvudkMum;apjcif;iSm
 okccsrf;omvrf;nTef
6

vnf;aumif;; ighudkapvTwfawmfrljyD} [krdefUawmfrl\/ (vkum

c&pf0if 4;19/) þonfum;? udk,fawmf\trIawmfwnf;/
udk,fawmfonfaus;Zl;jyKvsufpmwefnSOf;qJaomoltaygif;wdkUtm;
csrf;omudkay;vsuf vSnfhvnfawmfrl\/ wpf&GmvHk;wGif
rnfonfhtdrfürQtzsm;a&m*gaMumifhidkaMuG;jrnfwrf;ae&aomol
r&Sdoavmufjzpfay\/ taMumif;rlum;? udk,fawmfonfxdk&Gmrsm;ukd
jzwfausmfoGm;í vltaygif;wdkY\a&m*grsm;udk csrf;omay;awmfrl\/
udk,fawmfonf xm0&bk&m;\bdodufudk cH,l&&SdaMumif;
rdrd\trIawmftm;jzifhxif&Sm;ap\/ rdrd\toufwmwGif trl
toD;toD;üarwÅm? u&kPmESifhc&pf,mefomoemudkxif&Sm;ap\/
vlwdkY\om;orD;? uav;oli,frsm;wdkYtay:ü Muifemaxmufxm;wwf
aomoabmESifhjynfh0awmfrl\/ vlwYdküvdktyfaomtcsufwdkYudk
jznfhpGuftHhaomiSm udk,fawmfonfvlZmwdtjzpfudkcH,lawmfrl\/
tqif;&JqHk;ESifht,kwfqHk;aomolwdkYonf udk,fawmfxHodkYcsOf;uyf
&efraMumuf&GHUMuacs/uav;oli,frsm;yifvQif udk,fawmfxHodkY
csOf;uyfvdkMuayonf/ olwdkYonf udk,fawmf\aygifay:odkYwuf
vsuf wnfMunfí arwÅmESifhawmufyaeaomrsufESmawmfudk
zl;jrifMuav\/
ocifa,&Ionf or®mw&m;ESifhqdkifaompum;wpfcGef;udkrQ
wif;usyfpGmrdefY>rufawmfrrlyg/ tpOfojzifh arwÅÅmESifhaz:jyawmf
rlwwf\/ udk,fawmfonfvlom;wdkYESifhpum;pjrnfajymqdkrdefU>ruf
awmfrl&mwGif txl;aocsmwduspGmajymqdkwwfjcif;? qifjcif
MuifempGmvlrsm;tm;*&kpdkufwwfjcif;trIwdkYudkjyKavh&Sdawmfrl\/
 vlom;twGufbk&m;ocif\ arwÅmawmf 7

udk,fawmfonfb,faommcgrQ Murf;wrf;pGmjyKawmfrrl/ rvdkbJ

jyif;xefaompum;udkrdefYawmfrrl/ xdcdkufvG,faom0dnmOf
tm; b,faomtcgrQrvkdaoma&m*gudkoufa&mufapawmfrrl/
vlwdkY\tm;enf;jcif;tjzpfudk b,faomtcgrQ tjypfwifawmf
rrl/ udk,fawmfonf rSefuefaomw&m;awmfudkaz:jy&mwGif
tpOfojzifharwÅmawmfudkjyawmfrl\/ udk,fawmfonfvQdKU0Suf
vSnfhjzm;jcif;? ,HkrSm;jcif;ESifhtjypfjyKjcif;trIwdkYudktjypfwifqHk;r
awmfrlaomfvnf; jyif;xefaomqHk;rpum;udkrdefY>rufawmfrlpOf
tcgrSmyif udk,fawmfonfrsuf&nfusawmfrlwwf\/ rdrdESpfouf
awmfrlaomjrdKUjzpfawmfrlaomfvnf; udk,fawmfudkvnf;aumif;?
vrf;c&D;? or®mw&m;ESifhtoufudkvnf;aumif; jiif;y,faom
a,&k&SvifjrdKUtwGuf udk,fawmfonfidkaMuG;awmfrlcJh\/ olwdkYonf
u,fwif&Sifwnf;[laom udk,fawmfudky,fMuaomfvnf;
udk,fawmfonf olwdkYudkoem;MuifempGmaxmufxm;pmemawmfrl
\/ udk,fawmf\toufwmonf rdrdudk,fudkjiif;y,fpGefYpm;í
olwpfyg;twGufaxmufxm;nSmwmaomtoufwmjzpfayonf/
0dnmOfwdkif;onf udk,fawmff\rsufarSmufwGiftzdk;xdkufwefMuay
onf/ udk,fawmfonfbk&m;ocif\bkef;awmfrsdK;ESifhjynfhpHkawmf
rlaomyk*d¾Kvfjzpfawmfrlaomfvnf; bk&m;ocif\tdrfaxmifom;
toD;toD;wdkYtm; tvGefMuifempGmaxmufxm;pmemvsuf rpulnD
&ef rdrdudk,fudknGwfawmfrlwwf\/vltaygif;wdkYonf rdrdu,fwif
&ef wm0ef0wÅ&m;&Sdaom0dnmOfrsm;jzpfMuonfudk odjrifawmf
rl\/
 okccsrf;omvrf;nTef
8

xdkuJhodkUaomt&monf udk,fawmf\toufwmüxif&Sm;
aom udk,fawmf\oabmawmfjzpfayonf/ þt&monfyif
bk&m;ocif\oabmawmfjzpfayonf/ ocifc&pfawmfü xif&Sm;
aomu&kPmawmfprf;a&onf crnf;awmf\ESvHk;awmfxJrSvlwdkY\
om;orD;rsm;xHodkYpD;qif;vsuf&Sdav\/ Muifemoem;wwfaom
u,fwif&Sifocifa,&Ionf ]udk,fcE¨müay:xGef;awmfrlaom}
bk&m;ocifyifjzpfawmfrl\/ (1wdarmao 3;16/)
uREfkyfwdkYudka&G;Ekwfu,fq,fawmfrl&ef ocifa,&Ionf
vlwdkYwGifaexdkifvsuf 'ku©qif;&JudkcHítaocHawmfrl\/ uREkfyf
wdkYonf xm0&0rf;ajrmufjcif;tcGifhudkcHpm;xdkufaomolrsm;jzpfMu
rnftaMumif; udk,fawmfonf ]jidKjiiffaomol} jzpfvmawmfrl\/
bk&m;ocif\u&kPmawmf? opömawmfESifhjynfhpHkawmfrlí rdrdcspf
jrwfEdk;awmfrlaomom;awmfudkrajymjyEdkifavmufatmif bkef;awmf
ESifhjynfh0aomurÇmwpfckrS tjypfaMumifhysufpD;,dk,Gif;vsuf
aojcif;\t&dyfESifhusdefjcif;aMumifh arSmifrdkufaeaomurÇmwpfck
odkYa&mufvmawmfrlap&ef cGifhjyKawmfrl\/ bk&m;ocifonf
udk,fawmftm; rdrd\arwÅmawmf&ifcGifxJrSmvnf;aumif;?
aumif;uifwrefwdkY\&dkaoudkif;nGwfjcif;udkcHpm;&mae&mrSmvnf;
aumif;? &Iwfcsjcif;? uJh&Jhjypfwifjcif;? qif;&Jjcif;? remvkd
jiLpljcif;ESifhaojcif;udkcHap&ef xGufcGmvmapzdkUcGifhjyKawmfrl\/
]igwdkY\jidrfoufjcif;csrf;omudkjzpfapaomqHk;rjcif;onf olYtay:
odkYa&mufí olcH&aom'Pfcsufrsm;tm;jzifh igwdkYonf temaysmuf
vsuf&SdMu\/} (a[&Sm, 53;5)/
udk,fawmfudka*oa&SrefO,smOfüvnf;aumif;? vuf0g;uyfwdkifay:ü
vnf;aumif; Munfh&IMuyg/ pGef;xif;jcif;uif;awmfrlaombk&m;
ocif\om;awmfonf rdrdudk,fawmfwdkiftjypf\0efxkyfudkaqmif
,lawmfrl\/ bk&m;ocifESifhtwl&SdawmfrlcJhaom udk,fawmf
onf vlESifhbk&m;ocif\pyfMum;wGif tjypfuzefwD;cJhaom
aMumufrufzG,fcGJcGm&jcif;trIMuD;udk rdrd\pdwf0dnmOfxJüaumif;pGm
awGUjrifawmfrl\/ þtjzpfaMumifh udk,fawmf\EIwfawmfrS
]tuREkfyfbk&m;ocif? tuREkfyfbk&m;ocif?tb,faMumifh tuREkfyfudk
pGefYypfawmfrloenf;} [laomcHpm;rIudkjyif;pGmESifhaMuG;aMumfoHonf
xGufay:vm&\/ (róJ27;46/) bk&m;ocifhom;awmf\ESvHk;udk
uGJoGm;apaomt&monfum; tjypf\0efxkyf? ¤if;\aMumufruf
zG,fMuD;us,faomtrIMuD;taMumif;udkodjrif&jcif;? bk&m;ocif
xHawmfrStjypfaMumifh rdrd\0dnmOfonfcGJcGmvm&jcif;taMumif;
rsm;jzpfayonf/
odkY&mwGif crnf;awmf\pdwfESvHk;xJücspfjcif;arwÅmawmf
ESifhjynfhpHkawmfrlaomoabmudk vlYtay:wGifjzpfay:vmap&efaomf
vnf;aumif;? u,fq,fvkdaomtvdkqE´jzpfay:vmap&efaomf
vnf;aumif; þuJhodkYMuD;us,faomylaZmfpGefYpm;jcif;trIMuD;udk
jyKawmfrlonfr[kwf/ tvQif;yifr[kwfyg/ ]bk&m;ocifonf
rdrdüwpfyg;wnf;aomom;awmfudkpGefYawmfrlonfwdkifatmif
avmuom;wdkYudkcspfawmfrl\/} (a,m[ef 3;16/) MuD;jrwfaom
tjypfajzjcif;trIudkjyK&aomaMumifh crnf;awmfonf uREfkyfwdkYudk
cspfawmfrlonfr[kwf/ bk&m;ocifonf uREfkyfwdkYudkcspfawmfrl
aomaMumifhom tjypfajzjcif;trIudkpDrHawmfrlcJh\/ bk&m;ocif
onf rdrd\arwÅmawmfa&pifudk usqHk;aeaomavmu
MuD;ty:odkUoGef;avmif;EdkifrnftaMumif; ocifa,&IonfMum;zsef
ajzoljzpfawmfrl\/ ]bk&m;ocifonfc&pfawmftxJüwnfae
vsuf avmuom;wdkY\&efudkjidrf;apí udk,fawmfESifhrdwfo[m,
zGJUapawmfrl\/} (2aum 5;19/) bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\om;awmf
ESifhtwl 'ku©cHawmfrl\/ a*oa&SrefO,smOfwGif qkawmif;awmf
rlpOftcgüvnf;aumif;? u&medukef;awmfay:rSm taocHawmfrl
aomtcgüvnf;aumif; ocifa,&I\ESvHk;awmfonfuREfkyfwdkYtm;
a&G;Ekwf&eftcudk qyfay;awmfrljyD/

ocifa,&Iu ]igonfukd,ftoufudkpGefYí aemufwpfzef

,lOD;rnfjzpfaomaMumifh?ighcrnf;awmfonfighudkcspfawmfrl\}
[krdefYawmfrl\/(a,m[ef 10;17/) wpfenf;tm;jzifh ]ighcrnf;
awmfonf oifwdkYudkcspfawmfrlaomaMumifh oifwdkYudka&G;Ekwf&ef
ightoufudkpGefUjcif;twGufighudkomíyifcspfawmfrl\/ ightouf
udktyfESHjcif;?oifwdkYvGefusL;jcif;tjypfwnf;[laomtaMuG;rsm;udk
cH,ljcif;tm;jzifh oifwdkY\udk,fpm;ESifhtmrcHjzpfvm&mü crnf;
awmfonf ighudkomícspfawmfrl\/ taMumif;rlum;?ig\pGefYpm;
qufuyfjcif;trItm;jzifh bk&m;ocifonf w&m;aomoljzpfvm
Edkifawmfrl\/ xdkrQruao;? ocifa,&Iudk,HkMunfaomoltm;
ajzmifhrwf&modkYa&mufapawmfrlaomoljzpfvmEdkifawmfrlao;\}
[kqdkvdk\/

vlom;twGufbk&m;ocif\arwÅmawmf 11

bk&m;ocifhom;awmfrSwpfyg; rnfolrQuREkfyfwdkYtm;a&G;Ekwf
jcif;trIudkjyD;ajrmufatmifrjyKvkyfEdkifacs/ taMumif;rlum;? crnf;
awmf\&ifcGifawmfüaecJhaomolomvQif xkdtrIudkjyK&efcrnf;
awmftm;awmif;qdkEdkifawmfrl\/ bk&m;ocifharwÅmawmf\teH?
tvsm;? tjrifhudkodem;vnfaomolomvQif ¤if;arwÅmudkxif&Sm;ap
Edkifawmfrl\/ usqHk;aomvlwdkYtwGuf ocifc&pfawmfjyKawmf
rlonfh tuefYtowfr&SdaompGefYpm;jcif;rSwpfyg; rnfonfht&mrQ
aysmufqHk;aomvlowÅ0gwdkYtay:üxm;awmfrlaomcrnf;awmf\
arwÅmawmfudkraz:jyEdkifacs/
 ]bk&m;ocifonf rdrdüwpfyg;wnf;aomom;awmfudkpGefY
awmfrlonfwdkifatmif avmuom;wdkYudkcspfawmfrl\/} bk&m;
ocifonf udk,fawmftm;vlwdkYwGifaexdkif&ef olwdkY\tjypfudk
aqmif&efESifh olwdkY\,ZfylaZmfoumtjzpfESifhtaocH&efom
pGefYawmfrlonfr[kwf/ bk&m;ocifonf udk,fawmfudkusqHk;aom
vlrsdK;tm;tyfay;awmfrl\/ ocifc&pfawmfonf vlwdkYpdwfyg
0ifpm;í vdkaomt&mrsm;taMumif;udk rdrdudk,fawmfwdkiftxif
t&Sm;od&Sdawmfrl&rnf/ bk&m;ocifESifhtwl&SdawmfrlcJhaomyk*d¾Kvf
wpfyg;jzpfoludk,fawmfonf b,faomtcgrQysufpD;roGm;Edkifaom
tcsnftaESmifjzifh vl\om;orD;rsm;ESifhqufoG,fvsuf&Sdawmfrl
jyD/ ocifa,&Ionf ]olwdkYudknDtpfudk[líac:jcif;iSm&SufaMumuf
awmfrrl/} (a[jAJ 2;11/) udk,fawmfonfuREkfyfwdkY\,ZfylaZmf
oum? uREkfyfwdkY\trIaqmif? uREkfyfwdkY\tpfudkonf crnf;awmf
\yv’ifawmfa&SUwGif vl\yHkoP²efudkaqmifvsuf xm0&umv

okccsrf;omvrf;nTef
12

rdrda&G;EkwfawmfrlaomvlrsdK;ESifhtwl&Sdawmfrlaom olwnf;[laom
vlom;jzpfawmfrl\/¤if;jyif vlonftjypfaMumifh ysufpD;,dk;,Gif;
aeaomtjzpfESifh,kwfnHhaomtajctaerSxGufajrmufvmEdkifrnf
taMumif;? ¤if;jyif bk&m;ocif\arwÅmawmfudkwpfzefjyefxif
&Sm;apvsuf oefY&Sif;jcif;csrf;omudka0aiSay;urf;EdkifrnftaMumif;
udk,fawmfonf þuJhodkYaomt&mtm;vHk;jzpfawmfrl\/
uREfkyfwdkYtm;a&G;Ekwf&eftwGufay;&aomtzdk;tc?uREfkyf
wdkYtwGufrdrdom;awmftm;taocH&efay;awmfrl&mü aumif;uif
crnf;awmf\twdkif;r&SdaompGefYpm;jcif;trludk axmuf&Ijcif;tm;
jzifh uREfkyfwdkYonfocifc&pfawmftm;jzifh rnfuJhodkYaomolrsm;
jzpfvmEdkifMuonftaMumif;tm;uREfkyfwdkYonfjrifhjrwfaomxifjrif
csufudk&&SdoifhMuonf/ 0dnmOfawmfudkcH,l&&Sdaomwrefawmf
a,m[efonf ysufpD;aeaomvlrsdK;tay:üxm;awmfrlaomcrnf;
awmf\arwÅmawmfteH?tvsm;ESifhtjrifhwdkYudkodjrif&aomtcg
olonftvGefMunfndkí&dkaovsuf&Sdojzifh þarwÅmawmf\jrifh
jrwfjcif;? El;nhHodrfarGYjcif;taMumif;udkoifhavsmfaompum;jzifh
az:jyjcif;iSmrwwfEdkifaomaMumifh ¤if;arwÅmawmfudkaxmuf&I
Munfh&ef olonfavmutm;ac:íajymjyvsufae\/]bk&m;ocif
\om;awmf[kac:a0:jcif;tcGifhudkigwdkYonf&rnftaMumif;bk&m;
ocifonf igwdkYudkb,frQavmufcspfawmfrlonfudkMunfh&Iqifjcif
Muavmh/} (1a,m 3;1/) vlwdkYtzdkYþtcsufonf tb,frQ
avmuftzdk;wefaomtcsufjzpfoenf;/ w&m;awmfudkvGefusL;jcif;
tm;jzifh vlom;rsm;wdkYonf pmwef\aus;uRefrsm;jzpfvmMu\/

vlom;twGufbk&m;ocif\arwÅmawmf 13

ocifc&pfawmfwnf;[laomtjypfajz&m,ZfylaZmfoumü ,HkMunf
jcif;tm;jzifh tm'H\om;rsm;onf bk&m;ocif\om;rsm;jzpfvm
EdkifMuonf/ ocifc&pfawmfonf vl\ZmwdudkcH,ljcif;tm;jzifh
vlowÅ0gwdkYtm; csD;ajrSmufawmfrl\/ usqHk;aomvlrsm;wdkYonf
ocifc&pfawmfESifhqufoG,f&jcif;jzifh ]bk&m;ocif\om;} [k
{ueftrSefac:a0:jcif;udkcHxdkufaomtajctaeodkYa&muf&SdvmMu
avonf/
xdkuJhokdYaomarwÅmonf EIdif;,SOfír&Edkifaomt&mjzpfonf/
aumif;uifbk&if\om;orD;rsm;ygwum;/ tzdk;xdkufaomuwd
awmfygwum;/ tvGefeufeJpGmqifjcifzdkYaumif;aomtcsufyg
wum;/ bk&m;ocifudkrcspfaomavmutwGuf bk&m;ocif\
twkr&SdaomarwÅmawmfygwum;/ ¤if;taMumif;udk qifjcifjcif;
tm;jzifh pdwf0dnmOfudkatmifjrifEdkifvsuf pdwfoabmtm;bk&m;
ocif\tvdkawmfudk0efcHap\/ vuf0g;uyfwdkif\tvif;a&mif
wGif bk&m;ocif\oabmawmftaMumif;udk uREfkyfwdkYonf wdk;í
qifjcifavhusufMuaomtcg uREfkyfwdkYonfu&kPmawmf?Muifem
oem;wwfaomoabm? ¤if;jyifrQwjcif;?w&m;ojzifhpD&ifjcif;ESifh
a&maESmaeonfhtjypfvTwfwwfaomoabmwdkYudk omíodjrif&Mu
rnf/ xdkrSwpfyg;?twdkif;r&SdaomarwÅmawmfESifhvrf;rSm;aeaom
rdrd\uav;tay:ü oufa&mufwwfaomaxmufxm;pmemjcif;
xufomvGefaomMuifemjcif;u&kPmawmf\ra&rwGufEdkifaom
oufaorsm;udk uREfkyfwdkYonfomíxif&Sm;pGmodjrifMuavonf/

---000---

u,fwiff&Sifudkvkdaomtjypfom; 14

vlonftptOD;üjrifhjrwfaomtpGrf;owdÅrsm;? orrQw
aompdwfoabmrsm;ESifhjynfpHkvsuf&Sd\/ ol\udk,fcE¨mwpfckvHk;
onfpHkvifvsuf&Sdí bk&m;ocifESifhwlnDvsuf&Sd\/ ol\tMuH
tpnfrsm;onf jzLpifvsuf&nf&G,fcsufrsm;onfoefY&Sif;\/
odkY&mwGif em;raxmifjcif;trItm;jzifh ol\tpGrf;owdÅrsm;onf
ajymif;vJoGm;í arwÅmtpm; udk,fusdkK;&Smwwfaomoabmrsm;
ESifh jynfh0vm\/ vGefusL;jcif;tjypfaMumifhol\tajctaeonf
tvGefyiftm;enf;aeojzifh olonftjypf\wefckd;udkrdrd\tpGrf;
owdÅjzifhckcHwm;qD;jcif;iSmrwwfEdkifacs/ olonfpmweftm;jzifh
csnfaESmifzrf;qD;xm;jcif;cHae&íbk&m;ocifonf txl;ojzifh
0ifa&mufulndDawmfrrlvQif olonfxdkodkYzrf;qD;xm;jcif;udktpOf
xm0&cHae&vdrfhrnf/aoG;aqmifaomol\tMuHum;vludkzefqif;
awmfrl&&mü bk&m;ocifpDrHxm;awmfrlaomtMuHawmfudkajymif;vJ
vsuf ajrMuD;ay:wGifqif;&JrI? ysufpD;,dk,Gif;ajcmufaoGYaeaom
tjzpfwdkYESifhjynfh0aeap&efjzpfonf/¤if;jyifbk&m;ocifonf vludk
zefqif;awmfrljcif;aMumifh þqdk;oGrf;aomtrItaygif;wdkYonf
jzpfvm&Muonf[k olutjypfwifvdrfhrnf/
vlonftjypfESifhuif;pifaepOftcgu ]ynmb@m? OmPf
b@mwdkYonf0Sufxm;vsuf&Sd} (aumavmoJ 2;3/) aomt&Sif
ocifESifhaysmf&TifpGmaygif;oif;qufqH&aomtcGifhudk&&SdcJh\/ odkY
&mwGiftjypfjyKjyD;aemuf olonfoefY&Sif;jcif;trIüaysmfarGUjcif;r&Sd
ojzihf bk&m;ocif\rsufarSmufawmfrSykef;uG,fae&ef MudK;pm;\/
topfjyKjyifjcif;rcH&ao;aompdwfESvHk;&SdolwdkYonf xdkuJhodkYaom
tajctaersdK;üaeMuao;\/ bk&m;ocif\oabmawmfESifh
rnDnGwfaomaMumifh bk&m;ocif\aygif;oif;qufqHjcif;trIü
arGUavsmfjcif;r&Sd/ oefY&Sif;aomolwdkYESifhaygif;oif;&rnfudkolonf
&SufaMumufaevdrfhrnf/ olonfaumif;uifokdY0ifzdkY&eftcGifh&aomf
vnf; olonfxdkt&yfüaysmfarGUvdrfhrnfr[kwf/ bk&m;ocif\
pdwfESvHk;ESifhwlnDaompdwfESvHk;rskdK;&SdMuojzifh xdkt&dyfü&Sdaom
olwdkY\udk,fusdK;r&SmaomarwÅmpdwfoabmonf ol\pdwfoabm
ESifhqefYusifbufjzpfaevdrfhrnf/ ol\tMuHtpnf? ol\pdwf0ifpm;
aomt&m?ol\&nf&G,fcsufwdkYonfxdkt&yfü&Sdonfhtjypfuif;aom
olrsm;\pdwfoabm? &nf&G,fcsufwdkYESifhqefYusifbufjzpfvdrfh
rnf/ olYtzdkYaumif;uif\om,maomtoHonf ysufpD;apaom
toHESifhwlvdrfhrnf/ olwdkYtzdkYaumif;uifonf ESdyfpufnSOf;qJ
aomae&mESifhwlaevdrfhrnf/ aumif;uif\tvif;ESifhaysmfarGUjcif;
\A[dkjzpfawmfrlaomt&SifxHrSolonf ykef;uG,faevdk\/
aumif;uifrSqd;aomolwdkYudkz,f&Sm;xm;jcif;trIrSm bk&m;ocif
onf rdrdoabmtwdkif;pDrHawmfrlaomtrdefYawmfr[kwfyg/olwdkY
udk,fwdkifuyif aumif;uifESifhqufoG,fjcif;iSm rxdkufwefojzifh
aumif;uifrSxGufcGmoGm;&jcif;trIjzpfayonf/ bk&m;ocif\
bkef;awmfonf olwdkYtzdkYavmifaomrD;jzpfvdrfhrnf/rdrdwdkYa&G;Ekwf
&efaojcif;udkcHawmfrlaomol\rsufESmawmfrSuG,fxm;apEdkif
rnftaMumif; olwdkYonfysufpD;jcif;udktvddk&SdMuvdrfhrnf/
 okccsrf;omvrf;nTef
16

uREfkyfwdkYonf epfrGef;aeaomtjypftwGif;rS rdrdwdkY

udk,fwdkifvGwfajrmuf&efrwwfpGrf;EdkifMu/ uREfkyfwdkY\pdwfESvHk;
rsm;onf qdk;oGrf;aeMuvsuf ¤if;wdkYudkrajymif;vJEdkifMu/ ]roefY
&Sif;aomt&mxJu oefY&Sif;aomt&mudktb,folxkwfaz:Edkif
oenf;/} (a,mb 14;4)/ ]Zmwdyuwdpdwfoabmonf
bk&m;ocifESifhqefYusifbufjzpf\/ bk&m;ocif\w&m;awmf
tvkdodkYrvdkufwwf/ xdkrQrurvdkufEdkif/} (a&mr 8;7/) ynm
oifMum;a&;? tusifhjyKjyifa&;? pdwftvdkqE´udkavhusifha&;?
vlwdkY\MuHpnfMudK;pm;orQ trIpaomt&mtaygif;wdkYonf rdrdwdkY
ae&mESifhoifhavsmfMuaomfvnf; þae&mü¤if;wdkYonf wefcdk;r&Sd
Mu/ ¤if;wdkYonf tjyifyESifhqdkifaomtusifh"avhwdkYudkjyKjyifEdkif
aomfvnf; pdwfoabmudkrajymif;vJEdkifMuacs/ ¤if;wdkYonftouf
wm\tajctjrpfjzpfaompdwfoabmudk roefY&Sif;apEdkif/ vlonf
tjypfrSoefY&Sif;aomtjzpfodkYrajymif;vJrD twGif;üjyKjyifEdkifaom
wefcdk;onfwnf&Sdvsuf txufrStopfaomtoufudk&&Sd&rnf/
xdkwefcdk;um;? ocifc&pfawmfjzpf\/ udk,fawmf\aus;Zl;u&kPm
awmfomvQif 0dnmOf\aoaeaomowdÅrsm;udk x<uEdk;Mum;vsuf
bk&m;ocifxHawmfodkYvnf;aumif;? oefY&Sif;jcif;tjzpfodkYvnf;
aumif; qGJaqmifawmfrlvdrfhrnf/
u,fwif&Sifu ]vlonftxufrSarG;jcif;udkrcHvQif} topf
aompdwfESvHk;? topfaomqE´rsm;? &nf&G,fcsufrsm;ESifhtMuH
tpnfrsm;udkr&&SdvQif ]bk&m;ocif\EdkifiHawmfudkrjrif&} [k
rdefYawmfrl\/ (a,m[ef 3;3/) vlwGifZmwdtm;jzifhyg&Sdvmonfh
 u,fwif&Sifudkvdkaomtjypfom; 17

aumif;jrwfaomoabmudk wdk;wufaumif;rGefatmifjyKjyifzdkYvdk
onf[laomvSnfhjzm;jcif;trIomjzpfonf/ ]Zmwdyuwdvlonf
bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmft&mwdkYudkrcHr,l/ xdkt&mwdkYonfrdkufrJ
aomt&mjzpfonf[kxifwwfonf/ xdkt&mwdkYonf 0dnmOftm;
jzifhomydkif;jcm;íem;vnfEdkifaomaMumifh Zmwdyuwdvlonf
em;rvnfEdkif/} (1aum 2;10/) ]'kwd,arG;jcif;cH&rnf[kiga[m
ajymonfudk thHMojcif;r&SdESifh/} (a,m 3;7/) ocifc&pfawmf
taMumif;ESifhpyfqdkifí ]xdkEIwfxGufpum;awmfütouf&Sd\/
xdktoufonfvnf; vlwdkY\tvif;jzpf\} (a,m[ef 1;4/)
]aumif;uifatmufvlwdkYwGif ighudku,fwifEdkifaom wpfckwnf;
aomemr} omvQifjzpf\/ (wrefawmf 4;12) [k a&;xm;\/
bk&m;ocif\cspfoem;jcif;u&kPmawmf? aus;Zl;jyKwwf
aomoabmawmf? zcifuJhodkYMuifemaxmufxm;wwfaomoabm?
bk&m;ocif\bkef;awmfudkodjrif&HkESifhrvHkavmufao;yg/ bk&m;
ocif\w&m;awmfü xif&Sm;aomOmPfynmESifhajzmiffhrwfjcif;
tjzpfudk ydkif;jcm;odem;vnfí ¤if;w&m;awmfonf arwÅmESifh
qdkifaomxm0&tajccHOya'tay:ü tajcwnfvsuf&SdaMumif;
odjrif&HkESifhrvHkavmufao;yg/ ]ynwfw&m;ajzmifhonf[kig0efcH
\} (a&mr 7;16) [kwrefawmfaygvkua<u;aMumfaomtcg
olonfþtrIt&mtm;vHk;udkodjrif\/ ]w&m;awmfonfoefY&Sif;
jcif;&Sd\/ ynwfw&m;vnf;oefY&Sif;jcif;?ajzmifhrwfjcif;? aumif;
jrwfjcif;&Sd\/} okdY&mwGifolonf jyif;pGmpdwf'ku©a&mufí pdwf
ysufaomtcgü ]igrlum;Zmwdyuwd&Sd\/ tjypfw&m;vufü
 okccsrf;omvrf;nTef
18

aus;uRefjzpf\} [kqufvufajymqdk\/ (a&mr 7;12?14/)

olonfoefY&Sif;jcif;? ajzmifhrwfjcif;udktvGeftvdk&Sd\/ odkY&mwGif
rdrdudk,fwdkifüum;? ¤if;udk&&SdEdkif&eftpGrf;owdÅr&Sdojzifh ]igonf
jidKjiifaomoljzpfygonfwum;/þtaoaumifrSighudktb,fol
u,fvTwfrnfenf;} [kka<u;aMumf\/ (a&mr 7;24/) t&yf&yf
wdkif;üumvtqufqufrdrdwdkYpdwfESvHk;xJü av;vHaom0efudk
xrf;ae&aomolwdkYonfxdkuJhodkYa<u;aMumfMuavjyD/xdkoltaygif;
wdkYtzdkY ]þavmu\tjypfudkaqmifoGm;aombk&m;ocif\
odk;oi,fudkMunfhavmh} [laomtajzwpfckom&Sdayonf/
(a,m[ef 1;29/)
bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmfonf þor®mw&m;udkyHkaqmifí
jy&ef? ¤if;jyiftjypf'Pf\0efxkyfrSvGwfajrmuf&ef? MumjrifhpGm
awmifhwaeaom0dnmOfrsm;tm;&Sif;vif;pGmaz:jy&ef Oyrmrsm;
&Sdayonf/ ,mukyfonf {aomudkvdrfvnfvSnfhjzm;jcif;jzifh
tjypfjyKjyD;aemuf rdrd\zciftdrfrSxGufajy;aomtcg olonfxdktjypf
0efxkyfESifhav;vHvsuf&SdonfudkawGUjrif&av\/ olonf rdrd
txiftwdkif;wpfa,mufwnf;&yfa0;üpGefYypfjcif;udkcH&í rdrd\
toufwmwGifcifwG,fcJhaomt&mtm;vHk;ESifhcGJcGmae&pOftcg
tjcm;aomt&mrsm;xuf ol\pdwf0dnmOfudknSOf;qJESdyfpufaeaom
xifjcifcsufwpfckum;? ol\tjypfonf olYtm;bk&m;ocifxHawmfrS
a0;uGmapvsuf aumif;uifbHk&Sifonf olUudkpGefUypfawmfrljyD[k
pdk;&drfylyefaejcif;yifjzpfonf/ olonfpdwfysufjcif;ESifhajrMuD;ay:
wGifvJavsmif;vdkufav\/ ol\ywfvnfwGifysif;p&maumif;aom
 u,fwif&Sifudkvdkaomtjypfom;
19

awmifrsm;? ol\txufwGifMu,frsm;ESifhawmufyaeaomaumif;
uif&Sd\/ olonftdyfaysmfaepOf xl;jcm;aomtvif;onf
tdyfrufxJüay:vm\/ xdkaemuf Munfh&IaepOf oltdyfaeaom
uGif;jyifrSaumif;uif\wHcg;0rsm;wdkifatmif tvGefMuD;rm;aom
avSum;MuD;wpfckonf xifay:vmav\/ ¤if;jyifxdkavSum;ay:
wGif bk&m;ocif\aumif;uifwrefwdkYonf qif;vsufwufvsuf
&SdMu\/ xdktcgtxuft&yfbkef;awmfESifhjynfh0&mae&mrS pdwfouf
omarQmfvifhzG,f&mowif;pum;udk bk&m;ocifudk,fawmfwdkif
rdefY>rufawmfrloHudkMum;&av\/ xdkenf;tm;jzifh ,mukyf\
0dnmOfutvdk&Sdaeí awmifhwaeaomu,fwif&SifudkolYtm;xif
&Sm;az:jyawmfrlavjyD/tjypf&Sdaeaom,mukyfonf bk&m;ocifESifh
wpfzefjyefí aygif;zufqufqH&aomenf;vrf;wpfckaz:jyxm;
onfudk 0rf;ajrmufjcif;ESifhvnf;aumif;? aus;Zl;wifaomoabm
ESifhvnf;aumif; awGYjrif&av\/ ol\tdyfrufwGifxdkeufeJaom
avSum;onf bk&m;ocifESifhvlwdkY\pyfMum;wGif wpfckwnf;aom
tquftoG,fjzpfawmfrlaom ocifa,&IudkyHkaqmifxm;\/
ocifc&pfawmfonf emoaevESifhpum;ajymaeawmfrlpOf
]aumif;uifzGifhvSpfonfudkvnf;aummif;? bk&m;ocif\aumif;uif
wrefwdkYonf vlom;tay:üqif;vsufwufvsuf&Sdonfudkvnf;
aumif; oifwdkYjrif&MuvwHÅU} (a,m 1;51/) [kudk,fawmfu
rdefYawmfrlaomtcg þyHkyrmudkyif udk,fawmfunTefjyawmfrl\/
azgufjyefjcif;trIwGif vlonf bk&m;ocifxHrSrdrdudk,fudkcGJcGm
oGm;ap\/ ajrMuD;onf aumif;uifESifhtqufjywfvsuf&Sd\/
 okccsrf;omvrf;nTef
20

¤if;wdkYpyfMum;üwnf&SdaeaomacsmufMuD;udkjzwfausmfoGm;jcif;iSm
rwwfEdkifacs/ odkY&mwGif ocifc&pfawmftm;jzifhajrMuD;onf
aumif;uifESifhwpfzefqufoG,fvmjyef\/ trIawmfaqmif&Gufae
Muaomaumif;uifwrefwdkYonf vlwdkYESifhqufoG,faygif;oif;
EdkifrnftaMumif; ocifc&pfawmfonf tjypfujyKvkyfcJhaom
acsmufMuD;udk rdrd\aumif;rItm;jzifhjzwfausmf&ef wHwm;
xdk;ay;awmfrljyD/ ocifc&pfawmfonf usqHk;ysufpD;aeaomvludk
ol\tm;enf;? cdkudk;&mrJhaeaomtjzpfüyif wefcdk;udkcsay;awmf
rlaombk&m;ocifESifhqufoG,fay;awmfrljyD/

okdYaomfvlrsm;wdkYonf usqHk;ysufpD;aeaomvlrsdK;twGuf
csay;awmfrlaomarQmfvifhjcif;ESifhrpulnDjcif;udk tpjyKawmfrlaom
t&Siftm; *&krpdkuftrIrxm;bJaeMuvQif wdk;wufMuD;yGm;a&;ESifh
pyfqdkifaomvlwdkY\MuHpnfawG;qcsufrsm;onf tcsnf;ESD;jzpfMu
\/ vlowÅ0gwdkY\tajctaeudk aumif;rGefvmatmifjrSifhwif
a&;twGuf MuHpnfMudK;pm;rItaygif;wkdYonfvnf; tcsnf;ESD;jzpf
Mu\/ ]aumif;jrwfpHkvifaomqkaus;Zl;&SdorQwdkYonf bk&m;ocif
xHawmfrSoufa&muf\/} (,m 1;17/) bk&m;ocifxHawmfrSvGJí
aumif;jrwfaomtusifhtrSefr&SdEdkifacs/ ¤if;jyif bk&m;ocif
xHawmfodkYa&muf&ef wpfckwnf;aomvrf;um; ocifc&pfawmfyif
jzpfownf;/ ]udk,fawmfu? igonfvrf;c&D;jzpf\/ or®mw&m;
vnf;jzpf\/ toufvnf;jzpf\/ ighudktrSDrjyKvQif tb,folrQ
crnf;awmfxHodkYra&muf&[k rdefYawmfrl\/} (a,m 14;6/)
 u,fwif&Sifudkvdkaomtjypfom;
21

bk&m;ocif\pdwfESvHk;onf avmu&Sdrdrd\om;orD;rsm;
wdkYudkaojcif;xufjyi;fxefaomarwÅmawmfESifhawmifhwvsuf&Sd
awmfrl\/ rdrd\om;awmfudkpGefUawmfrl&mü bk&m;ocifonf
wpfckwnf;aomqkaus;Zl;awmfwGif uREfkyfwdkYtm;aumif;uifü
&SdorQudkoGef;avmif;csay;awmfrljyD/ u,fwif&Sif\toufwm?
taocHawmfrljcif;trIESifhMum;zsefajzjcif;trI? aumif;uifwrefwdkY
aqmif&GufaeMuaomtrI? 0dnmOfawmf\awmif;yefaejcif;trI?
aumif;uifowÅ0grsm;wdkY\raerem;pdwfyg0ifpm;jcif;trIrSpaom
trIt&mtaygif;wdkYonf vlwdkYtm;a&G;Ekwfjcif;trIwGifyg0if
oufqdkifMu\/
uREkfyfwdkYtwGufjyKawmfrlcJhonfh tvGeftHhMozG,faumif;aom
ylaZmfpGefUpm;jcif;trIMuD;udk uREfkyfwdkYqifjcifMunfhMupdkY/ aysmufqHk;
aeaomolwdkYudkjyefvnfodrf;ydkufvsuf crnf;awmf\tdrfawmfodkY
jyefí,laqmifvm&ef aumif;uifonf tpGrf;ukefMudK;pm;aqmif
&GufaeaomtrIudk uREkfyfwdkYoabmusESpfoufMuzdkY MudK;pm;
Muyg/ omíjyif;xefaompdwftvdkqE´rsm;ESifhomícGeftm;MuD;
aomudk,fpm;awmfrsm;onf b,ftcgurQ þrQavmufrMuHpnf
rjyKvkyfEdkifcJhacs/ ajzmifhrwfpGmjyKaomtrItwGufxl;jrwfaom
qkvmbfrsm; aumif;uifüpnf;pdrfcHpm;&rI? aumif;uifwrefrsm;
ESifhaygif;oif;qufqH&jcif;trI? bk&m;ocifESifhvnf;aumif;?
om;awmfESifhvnf;aumif; rdwfo[m,zGJY&jcif;tcGifh? bk&m;ocif
ESifhom;awmfwdkU\arwÅmawmfudkcdkvHI&jcif;trI? xm0&umv
tqufquf uREkfyfwdkY\pGrf;tm;owdÅ&SdorQwdkYudk jrSifhwifwdk;yGm;
 okccsrf;omvrf;nTef 22

apjciftrIrSpaom þqkaus;Zl;rsm;onf uREfkyfwdkY\zefqif;&Sif

ESifha&G;Ekwf&Siftm; pdwfa&mudk,fygcspfcifESpfoufpGmESifh udk;uG,f
0wfjyKvsuf trIawmfudkaqmif&Gufap&ef uREfkyfwdkY\pdwfudk
tm;MuD;pGmwdkufwGef;EdI;aqmfvsufaeMuonfr[kwfygavm/
¤if;jyif wpfenf;tm;jzifh tjypf\wpfzufü bk&m;ocif
pD&ifcsufcsawmfrlrnfhtaMumif;t&mrsm;? rvGJra&SmifomEdkifatmif
tusdK;tjypfudk qyfay;awmfrljcif;trI? uREkfyfwdkY\tusifh
rsm;udk,kwfnHhysufpD;apjcif;trIESifh aemufqHk;zsufqD;y,f&Sif;awmf
rljcif;trIrsm;wdkYum; pmwef\vufatmufüraeMuap&ef bk&m;
ocif\EIwfxGufpum;awmfwGif uREkfyfwdkYtm;owday;vsufaz:jy
xm;aomtcsufrsm;jzpfayonf/
bk&m;ocif\u&kPmawmfudk uREfkyfwdkYonf *&krpdkuf
trIrxm;bJaeMurnfavm/ bk&m;ocifonf xdkrQxufru
omíjyKawmfrlOD;rnfavm/ uREkfyfwdkYtm;tvGeftHhMozG,faumif;
aomarwÅmESifhcspfawmfrlaom bk&m;ocifESifhuREfkyfwdkYonf rSefuef
pGmqufoG,fvsuf&SdaeaomtajctaeütjrJwnf&ef MudK;pm;MupdkY/
uREfkyfwdkYonfbk&m;ocif\yHkoP²mefawmfodkYajymi;fvJvmMuvsuf
trIaqmifaeMuaom aumif;uifwrefrsm;ESifhaygif;oif;qufqH
cGifh? crnf;awmfESifhvnf;aumif;? om;awmfESifhvnf;aumif; nDnGwf
vsuf rdwfo[m,zGJUjcif;tcGifhudkjyefí&EdkifrnftaMumif; uREfkyf
wdkYtwGufpDrHcsay;xm;aomenf;vrf;rsm;udk uREffkyfwdkYudk,fwdkif
od&SdtoHk;csEdkifMu&ef MudK;pm;MuygpdkU/

---000---
 aemifww&m; 23

vlonf bk&m;ocifa&SYawmfürnfuJhodkYenf;tm;jzifh ajzmifh

rwfaomoljzpfEdkifrnfenf;/ tjypfom;onf rnfuJhodkYajzmifhrwf
jcif;odkYa&mufEdkifrnfenf;/ uREfkyfwdkYonfocifc&pfawmftm;jzifhom
bk&m;ocifESifhnDnwfjcif;? oefY&Sif;jcif;tjzpfodkYa&muf&SdEdkifMu
onf/ odkYaomf uREfkyfwdkYonf ocifc&pfawmfxHodkY rnfuJhodkY
a&muf&SdEdkifMurnfenf;/ yifawukawÅyGJaeYü vly&dowfwdkYonf
rdrdwdkY\tjypfudkodjrifvmMuaomtcg? ]uREkfyfwdkYonfrnfuJhodkY
jyKMu&ygrnfenf;} [kar;avQmufonfenf;wl trsm; aomolwdkY
onfvnf; þuJhodkYar;jref;vsufaeMuonf/ ayw&kujyefajzaom
tcsufwGif ]aemifw&Muavmh} [laompum;onf yxrpum;
jzpf\/ (wrefawmf 2;38/) aemufrsm;rMumrD tjcm;aomtcsdef
ü olu? ]oifwdkYtjypfrsm;udkajyapjcif;iSmaemifw&í pdwfajymif
vJjcif;odkYa&mufMuavmh} [kajymqdkao;\/ (wrefawmf 3;20/)
aemifw&jcif;trIwGif tjypftwGuf 0rf;enf;jcif;ESifh
¤if;tjypfudka&Smif&Sm;jcif;trIrsm;yg0ifonf/ uREfkyfwdkYonf tjypf
oabmudkrodbJ tjypfudkpGefYypfMuvdrfhrnfr[kwf/ uREfkyfwdkYonf
pdwfESvHk;ütjypfudkra&Smif? ry,f&Sm;bJaeorQumvywfvHk; touf
wmütrSefajymifvJjcif;&Sdvdrfhrnfr[kwf/
aemifw\oabmudk rSefuefpGmrodem;rvnfMuao;aom
oltrsm;&SdMuonf/ rdrdwdkY\rSm;aomtusifhwdkYonf rdrdwdkYtay:
odkYtcufcJrsm;udkoufa&mufapvdrfhrnf[k olwdkYonfpdk;&drf
aMumufvefUMuaomaMumifh rdrdwdkYjyKcJhaomtjypfrsm;twGuf trsm;
 okccsrf;omvrf;nTef
24

aomolwdkYonf 0rf;enf;Muvsuftjyiftytm;jzifh ajymif;vJ

jyKjyifjcif;trIudkyifaz:jywwfMuao;onf/ odkY&mwGif þtrIonf
usrf;pm\oabmt& aemifw&jcif;r[kwf/ olwdkYonf tjypf
xufcufcJrItwGufnnf;wGm;Muonf/ {aomonf om;OD;t&mudk
wpfcgwnf;qHk;&HI;vufvGwfoGm;aomtcg 0rf;enf;jcif;onf
xdkodkYaom0rf;enf;jcif;rsdK;jzpfownf;/ "g;udk&G,fvsuf rdrd\
vrf;wGif&yfaeaom aumif;uifwrefudkaMumuf&GHUjyD; rdrd
ao&rnfudkpdk;&drfojzifh Amvrfonf rdrd\tjypfudk0efcsawmif;
yef\/ odkY&mwGif tjypftwGuf trSefaemifw&jcif;r&Sd/ rdrd\
tMuHtpnfudkrajymif;rvJbJ tjypfudk&GHU&Smy,f&Sm;jcif;r&Sd/ ,k'
&Sum&kwfonf rdrd\ocifudkopömazgufjyD;aemuf “tuREfkyf
jypfrSm;ygjyD?tjypfr&Sdaomol\taoG;udktyfrdygjyD” [kajymqdk
\/ (róJ27;4)/
rdrd\tjypfaMumifhtjypfoifhonf[kqHk;jzwfvsuf rdrdtm;
tjypf'PfpD&ifrnfudk odjrifpdk;&drfvmaomaMumifhom rdrd\tjypf
udk0efcH&\/ rdrdtay:üoufa&mufrnfhuHMur®monf olYtm;xdwf
vefYaMumuf&GHUap\/ odkY&mwGif olonftjypfuif;aombk&m;ocifh
om;awmfudktyfESHvsuf £oa&vvlrsdK;wdkY\oefY&Sif;aomt&Sifudk
jiif;y,fcJhjyD[k rdrdpdwfxJüvGefpGmaMuuGJ0rf;enf;aomoabmr&Sd
acs/ zga&mrif;onf bk&m;ocifpD&ifaomtjypf'PfudkcHae&aom
tcg tjypf'PfudkxyfrHqufvufírcH&rnftaMumif; rdrd\tjypf
udk0efcH\/ odkY&mwGif ab;'Pfrsm;onf &yfpJoGm;onfESifhwpfjydKif
euf olonf aumif;uifbHk&SifudkqefYusifbufjyKjyef\/ þt&mwdkY
um; tjypfaMumifhcH&rnfhuHMur®mwdkYudkjrifí nnf;wGm;jcif;om
jzpf\/ tjypftwGuf rSefaom0rf;enf;jcif;rsdK;r[kwfacs/
odkYaomfbk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmfjyKjyifjcif; pdwfESvHk;onf
vufcHaomtcg a0zefydkif;jcm;wwfaompdwfonf x<uEdk;Mum;
vmí aumif;uifESifhajrMuD;ay:wGif bk&m;ocif\tkyfpdk;jcif;
tmPmpufü tajctjrpfjzpfonfh oefY&Sif;aomw&m;awmf\
eufeJjcif;? oefY&Sif;jcif;tjzpfudktjypfom;onf a0zefydkif;jcm;
odem;vnfvm\/ ]þavmuodkY<uvmvsuf cyfodrf;aom
vltaygif;wdkYtm; tvif;udkay;aomolwnf;[laom tvif;awmf
onf pdwf0dnmOf\vQdKU0Suf&mae&mrsm;udkxGef;vif;apojzifh
arSmifrdkufü0Sufxm;aomt&mrsm;onf xif&Sm;vmav\/
a,m[ef 1;9/ pdwfESvHk;xJütjypfudkxif&Sm;pGmodjrifwwfaom
oabmonf jzpfay:vm\/ tjypfom;onf xm0&bk&m;\
ppfaq;&SmazGawmfrlaombk&m;ocif\a&SYawmfodkY rdrd\tjypf&Sdaom
tjzpf? roefU&Sif;aomtjzpfü csOf;uyfwdk;0if&efaMumufvefYpdk;&drf
vsufaeav\/ olonf bk&m;ocif\arwÅmawmff? oefY&Sif;jcif;
\wifhw,fjcif;? jzLpifjcif;\aysmf&TifrIwdkYudkodjrifvmojzifh
oefY&Sif;jcif;odkYa&mufvsuf aumif;uifbHk&SifESifhwpfzefjyefí
qufqHaygif;oif;cGifhudk&&Sd&ef awmifhwav\/
'g0d'frif;MuD;onf tjypfjyKjyD;aemuf ol\qkawmif;csuf
onftjypftwGuf trSef0rf;enf;jcif;oabmudkxif&Sm;ap\/ ol\
aemifwonf rSefuefav;euf\/ ol\qkawmif;csufwGif tjypf
udkayghap&efrMuHpnf? jcdrf;ajcmufaomtjypf'PfrSvGwfajrmuf
&efrawmifhfwacs/ rdrd\usL;vGefjcif;tjypfonf tvGefMuD;us,f
aMumif;udk 'g0d'frif;MuD;odjrifvm\/ olonftjypfudk&GH&Smvm\/
olonftjypfvTwfjcif;tcGifhtwGufomr[kwfbJ pdwfESvHk;jzLpif
oefY&Sif;jcif;twGufvnf;qkawmif;\/ olonfoefY&Sif;jcif;jzifh
cHpm;&aom0rf;ajrmufjcif;? qufqHaygif;oif;jcif;tcGifhudkawmifhw
\/ atmufygqkawmif;csufonf ol\pdwfxJu xGufay:vm
aompum;rsm;jzpfonf/
]tjypfrSuif;vGwfjcif;? tjypfudkzHk;tkyfjcif;odkYa&muf
aomolonf r*Fvm&Sd\/ xm0&bk&m; tjypfwifawmfrljcif;ESifh
vGwfí vSnfhpm;wwfaompdwfoabmESifh uif;pifaomolonf
r*Fvm&Sd\/} (qmvHusrf; 32;1?2)/
]tdkbk&m;ocif? aus;Zl;jyKcsifaomapwempdwfawmf&Sdonf
twdkif; tuREfkyfudkoem;awmfrlyg/ pHkrufawmfrljcif; u&kPmrsm;
jym;onfESifhtnD tuREkfyfvGefusL;jcif;tjypfudkajzawmfrlyg/...
tuREkfyfvGefusL;ygjyD[k0efcsvsuf? udk,ftjypfudktpOfrjywf
atmufarhvsufaeyg\/ UUUUUUU tuREfkyfudkpifMu,fapjcif;iSm
[kókyfyifnGefYESifhoefU&Sif;jcif;r*Fvmudkay;awmfrlyg/ tuREfkyfudk
rdk;yGifhxufomíjzLapjcif;iSmaq;aMumawmfrlyg/ tdkbk&m;ocif?
tuREkfyftxJü pifMu,faomESvHk;udk zeffqif;awmfrlyg/ jrJjrH
wnfMunfaomoabmudk topfjyKjyifawmfrlyg/ tuREfkyfudktxH
awmftxJu ESifxkwfawmfrrlygESifh/ oefU&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfudk
&kyfodrf;awmfrrlygESifh/ u,fwifawmfrljcif;ESifh,SOfaom0rf;ajrmuf
jcif;tcGifhudk jyefíay;oem;aawmfrlyg/ Munfndkaomapwempdwf
oabmonf tuREkfyfudkaxmufrygapaom/ ...tdkbk&m;ocif
tuREfkyfudku,fwifwmfrlaombk&m;ocif? vltoufudkowfjcif;
tjypfESifh tuREkfyfudkuif;vGwfapawmfrlyg/ w&m;ojzifhpD&if
awmfrljcif;udk tuREfkyfvQmonf &Tifvef;pGmoDcsif;qdkygrnf/}
(qmvHusrf; 51;1-14)/
þuJhodkYaomaemifwrsdK;udk uREfkyfwdkYudkwdkif\tpGrf;owÅd
tm;jzifhr&&SdEdkifMuacs/ aumif;uifbHkodkYwuf<uoGm;í vlwdkYtm;
qkaus;Zl;rsm;udk csay;awmfrlaom ocifc&pfawmftm;jzifhom
xdkaemufwrsdkK;udk&&SdEdkifonf/
trsm;aomolwdkYrSm;wwfMuaomtcsufonff þtcsufyif
jzpf\/ xdkaMumifh ocifc&pfawmfu olwdkYtm;ay;awmfrlaom
tultnDufk olwdkYonfr&&SdwwfMuacs/ olwdkYonfaemifwr&bJ
ocifc&pfawmfxHodkYrvmEdkif/ ¤if;jyifaemifwonf rdrdwdkYtjypf
rsm;udkvTwfapzdkYjyifqifjyKjyifay;onf[k olwdkYuxifrSwfMuonf/
tjypfrsm;udkajzvTwfjcif;tOD;? aemifw&jcif;trI&Sd&rnfrSm rSefay
onf/tMumif;rlum;? aMuuGJESdrfhcsaompdwfESvHk;omvQif u,fwif
&Sifwpfyg;udktvdkaMumif;od&Sdvdrfhrnf/ odkY&mwGif tjypfom;onf
ocifa,&IxHodkYrvmrD aemifw&onhfwdkifatmif apmifhqdkif;ae&
rnfavm/tjypfom;ESifhu,fwif&Sif\pyfMum;wGif aemifw&jcif;
trIonf wm;qD;ydwfyifxm;aomt&mwpfckjzpfae&rnfavm/
 ]0efav;íyifyef;aomoltaygif;wdkY? ighxHodkYvmMuavmh?
igonfcsrf;omay;rnf} [k ocifc&pfawmfuzdwfac:vsufae

okccsrf;omvrf;nTef 28

onfudk vufrcHowdrjyKrD tjypfom;onf aemifw&oifhonf[k

usrf;pmuoGefoifrxm;acs/ (róJ 11;28)/ rSefaomaemifw
udkjzpfapaomt&mum; ocifc&pfawmfxHrSoufa&mufvmaom
jyKjyifjcif;wefcdk;awmfyifjzpfygonf/ ayw&ku? ]£oa&vvlwdkY
tm; aemifww&m;ESifhtjypfvTwfjcif;tcGifhudkay;apjcif;iSm xkdvludk
tpdk;&aomt&Sift&müvnf;aumif;? u,fwifaomocift&mü
vnf;aumif; bk&m;ocifcefYxm;í rdrdvuf,mvufawmfESifh
csD;jrSifhawmfrljyD} [kajymqdkaomtcg? olonf þtcsufudk
£oa&vvlwdkYtm;xif&Sm;ap\/ (wrefawmf 5;31/) ocif
c&pfawmfrygbJ uREkfyfwdkYonftjypfvTwfjcif;tcGifhudkr&&SdEdkifonf
xuf a0zefydkif;jcm;wwfaompdwfudkEdI;aqmf&ef ocifc&pfawmf\
0dnmOfawmfrygvJ aemifww&m;udk uREfkyfwdkYonf omír&Edkif
Muacs/
ocifc&pfawmfonfrSefuefaomt&mudkjyKap&ef wdkufwGef;
EdI;aqmfwwfaomoabm&SdorQwdkY\tajccHjzpfawmfrl\/ udk,f
awmfwpfyg;wnf;omvQif tjypfudk&GH&Smrkef;wD;aomoabmudk
pdwfESvHk;xJüzef;wD;ay;Edkifawmfrl\/ rSefaomt&mESifhoefU&Sif;aom
t&mwdkYudkjyKvkyfvdkaomqE´&SdorQ? uREfkyfwdkY\tjypf&Sdaomtajc
taeudka0zefodjrifEdkifaomoabm&SdorQwdkYum; uREkfyfwdkY\pdwf
ESvHk;xJü udk,fawmf\0dnmOfawmfvIyf&Sm;aeaMumif; xif&Sm;aom
oufaojzpfonf/
ocifa,&Iu? ]igonfvnf;ajrMuD;ESifhcGmí ajrSmufxm;
jcif;udkcH&vQif vltaygif;wkdYudkighxHodkYqGJrnf} [krdefYawmfrljyD/

aemifww&m; 29

(a,m? 12;32/) ocifc&pfawmfonf avmu\tjypfrsm;twGuf

taocHawmfrlaom u,fwif&SiftjzpfESifhtjypfom;wdkYtm; xif&Sm;
awmfrl&rnf/ ¤if;jyif uREkfyfwdkYonf u&medukef;ay:&Sdvuf0g;
uyfwdkifü bk&m;ocif\odk;oi,fudkMunfh&IMuaomtcg a&G;Ekwf
jcif;ESifhqdkifaomeufeJ&mtcsufonf uREkfyfwdkYpdwfxJüxifay:vmí
bk&m;ocif\aumif;jrwfjcif;u&kPmawmfonf uREfkyfwdkYtm;
aemifw w&m;odkYvrf;nTefav\/ tjypfom;wdkYtwGuf taocH
awmfrljcif;jzifh rodem;rvnfEdkifaomarwÅmawmfudk ocifc&pfawmf
onf xif&Sm;apawmfrl\/ ¤if;jyif tjypfom;onf þarwÅm
awmfudkodjrifvmaomtcg ¤if;onf ol\pdwfESvHk;udkEl;nhHapvsuf
ESdrfhcsaMuuGJaomoabmudk jzpfay:vmapav\/
rdrdwdkYonf ocifc&pfawmfxHodkYqGJiif,ljcif;cHae&onfudk
vlrsm;wdkYonf rod&SdrDuyif wpfcgwpf&H rdrdwdkY\tjypf&Sdaom
tjyKtrlrsm;twGuf &SufaMumufvmvsuf raumif;aomtusifh
tcsdKYudkpGefYy,fwwfMuonf/ rSefuefaomtrIudkjyK&ef &dk;ajzmifh
aomoabmESifhjyKjyifajymif;vJ&ef MudK;pm;Muaomtcgwdkif; ocif
c&pfawmf\wefcdk;awmfonf olwdkYudkqGJiif,lvsufae\/ olwdkY
rodaomwefcdk;awmfonf olwdkY\pdwf0dnmOfudkjyKjyifaevsuf
olwdkY\pdwfonf x<uEdk;Mum;vmí tjyiftoufwmonf
ajymif;vJvm\/ olwdkY\tjypfrsm;u xdk;azgufcJhaomudk,fawmf
udkjrif&ef vuf0g;uyfwdkifay:odkYarQmfMunfhzdkY ocifc&pfawmfu
olwdkYudkqGJiifawmfrlaomtcg ynwfawmfonf odwwfaom
pdwfoabm&Sdaomt&yfodkY jyefa&mufav\/ olwdkYtoufwm\
 okccsrf;omvrf;nTef
30

qdk;&Gm;rI? pdwf0dnmOfütjrpfpGJvsuf&Sdaomtjypfudk olwdkYtm;

xif&Sm;ap\/ olwdkYonf ocifc&pfawmf\ajzmifhrwfjcif;taMumif;
udkod&Sdem;vnfvmMuvsuf? ]tjypf\csnfaESmifjcif;cH&aom
oltm;a&G;Ekwf&ef xdkrQavmufaompGefYpm;ylaZmfjcif;udkjyKzdkYvdk&onf
rSm tjypfonftb,ft&mjzpfoenf;/uREkfyfwdkYonfysufpD;jcif;
odkYra&mufbJ xm0&toufudk&rnftaMumif; þrQavmufjrwf
aomarwÅm?þrQavmufMuD;aom'ku©qif;&Jjcif;? þrQavmuf,kwfnhH
aomESdrfhcsjcif;udkawmif;qdk&oavm} [ka<u;aMumfMu\/
tjypfom;onf þarwÅmudkjiif;y,fí ocifc&pfawmfxH
qJGiifjcif;trIudktvdkr&SdbJaevdrfhrnf/ odkY&mwGif olonfrjiif;y,f
vQif ocifa,&IxHodkY olYudkqGJiifvdrfhrnf/ u,fwifjcif;tMuH
tpnfawmftaMumif; oduRrf;jcif;trIonf bk&m;ocif\om;awmf
udk 'ku©qif;&Jjcif;cHapcJhaom ol\tjypfrsm;twGuf aemifw&aom
oabmESifh olYtm;vuf0g;uyfwdkif\ajc&if;odkYydkYaqmifvdrfhrnf/
obm0\t&m0w¦KwdkYudk jyKjyifpDrHvsuf&Sdaom tvm;wl
bk&m;ocifhoabmawmfonf vlwdkY\pdwfESvHk;udkEdI;aqmfaevsuf
rdrdwdkYür&Sdaomt&mudk raz:jyEdkifavmufatmif awmifhwaejcif;
pdwfudkjzpfay:vmap&ef jyKjyifzefwD;vsufae\/ avmu\t&m
0w¦KwdkYonf olwdkYawmifhwaomt&mudkrjznfhpGrf;Edkifacs/ bk&m;
ocif\0dnmOfawmfonf jidrfoufjcif;ESifhpdwfcsrf;omjcif;tcGifh
wdkYudkay;Edkifaomt&mwnf;[laom ocifc&pfawmf\aus;Zl;awmf?
oefY&Sif;jcif;\pnf;pdrfcsrf;omudk&Smap&eff olwdkYtm;EdI;aqmfvsuf
&Sdawmfrl\/ jrif&aomt&m? rjrif&aomt&mwdkY\owdÅtm;jzifh
 aemifww&m;
31

uREfkyfwdkY\u,fwif&Sifonf vlwdkY\pdwfudktjypf\rajyapEdkif
aomaysmfarGUjcif;rsm;rS udk,fawmfü olwdkY&&SdEdkifaomaumif;
csD;r*Fvmrsm;okdYpGJvrf;vmap&ef tpOfjyKjyifvsuf&Sdawmfrlonf/
þavmu\ysufpD;aeaom a&avSmifpnfMuD;rsm;rS a&aomuf&ef
tcsnf;ESD;MuHpnfMudK;pm;Muaom þ0dnmOftaygif;wdkYtm;? ]a&
iwfaomolonfvmygap? tvdk&Sdaomolonf tzdk;udkray;bJ
toufa&udk,lygap} [laombk&m;ocif\owif;pum;udk
Mum;ajymvsuf&Sdygonf/ (Asm? 22;17/)

þavmuwGif&&SdEdkifaomt&mrsm;xuf omíaumif;aom
t&mudk rdrdwdkY\pdwfESvHk;xJü awmifhwaomoifonf þawmifhw
jcif;trIudk oif\pdwfESvHk;tm; bk&m;ocifrdefYawmfrlaompum;
awmfuJhodkY todtrSwfjyKvm\/ oifhtm;aemifww&m;udkay;awmf
rl&efaomfvnf;aumif;? ocifc&pfawmf\arwÅm pHkvifaom
jzLpifjcif;wGif udk,fawmfudk oifhtm;xif&Sm;apzdkY&efaomfvnf;
aumif; awmif;avQmufavmh/ u,fwif&Sif\toufwmü bk&m;
ocifESifhvltcsif;csif;wdkYtm; cspfjcif;wnf;[laomynwfawmf\
tajccHw&m;rsm;udkpHkvifpGmyHkoufaojyxm;\/ udk,fawmf\
toufwmwGif aus;Zl;jyKwwfaomoabmESifhudk,fusdK;iJhuGufaom
oabmrsm;xif&Sm;\/ uREkfyfwdkYonf udk,fawmfudkMunfh&IaeMupOf
uREfkyfwdkY\u,fwif&SifxHrStvif;onf uREfkyfwdkYtay:odkYxGef;
awmufvsufaeaomtcg tuREfkyfwdkYonf rdrdwdkY\pdwfESvHk;xJü
tjypf&Sdaeaomtjzpfudk awGYjrif&Muayonf/
 okccsrf;omvrf;nTef
32

uREfkyfwdkY\toufwmonf ajzmifhrwfítusifhonfvnf;
rSefuefonf[k uREfkyfwdkYonfedaum'ifuJhodkY rdrdudk,fudkcsD;ajrSmuf
Muvsuf &dk;&dk;tjypfom;uJhodkY bk&m;ocif\a&SUawmfüpdwfESdrfhcs
zdkUrvdk[kxifrSwfwwfMuonf/ odkYaomfocifc&pfawmfxHrStvif;
onf uREfkyfwdkY\pdwfESvHk;xJüxGef;awmufvmaomtcg uREfkyf
wdkYonfrnfrQnpfnL;Muonfudk odjrifvmMuvdrfhrnf/toufwm
\tjyKtrlwdkif;udknpfnl;apcJhaom bk&m;ocifESpfoufawmfrrl
onfhudk,fusdK;&Smwwfaomoabmudkvnf; aumif;pGmem;vnf
vmMuvdrfhrnf/ xdkaemuf uREkfyfwdkY\ajzmifhrwfjcif;onf npfnl;
aomt0wfpkwfuJhodkY trSefjzpfojzifh ocifc&pfawmf\taoG;awmf
omvQif tjypf\npfnl;jcif;udkaq;aMumí udk,fawmfESifhwl&ef
uREfkyfwdkY\pdwfESvHk;udktopfjyKjyifEdkifrnfudk uREfkyfwdkYod&Sdvm
vdrfhrnf/
bk&m;ocif\bkef;awmfa&mifjcnfwpfoG,f? ocifc&pfawmf
\jzLpifjcif;a&mifjcnfwpfjzmonf pdwf0dnmOfxJodkY xdk;azguf
0ifoGm;aomtcg npfnL;aomtpGef;txif;&SdorQwdkYufk tvGefao
csmpGmxif&Sm;odomapí csdkKUwJhysufpD;,dk,Gif;aeaomt&mrsm;udk
xifay:vmapvdrfhrnf/ roefU&Sif;aomtvdkqE´rsm;? pdwfESvHk;
xJü opömazgufjcif;oabm? roefU&Sif;aomEIwfxGufpum;rsm;
wdkYudkvnf; odjrifvmap\/ bk&m;ocif\ynwfawmfudky,fzsuf
jcif;jzifh tjypfom;\opömr&SdaomtrIudk olonfxif&Sm;pGmjrifvm
í bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmfu ppfaq;&SmazGjyKjyifjcif;wef;cdk;tm;
jzifh olwdkY\pdwf0dnmOfonf qif;&JrIcHpm;ae&vsuf 'ku©a&muf
 aemifww&m;
33

ae\/ ocifc&pfawmf\oefU&Sif;? tpGef;txif;uif;aomtusifh

udkodjrif&aomtcg olonf rdrdudk,fudkyif&GH&Sm\/
yka&mzuf'Ha,vonf rdrdxHodkYapvTwfvdkufawmfrlaom
aumif;uifwref\ywfvnf&Sd bkef;a&mifudkjrif&aomtcg
olonfrdrdudk,fwdkifü&Sdaeaomtm;enf;jcif;? rpHkvifjcif;tjzpfwdkY
udk xif&Sm;pGmodjrifvmav\/ thHMozG,faumif;aomjrifjcif;aMumifh
rdrdüjzpfysufaeaomtajctaeudk oluþuJhodkUaz:jyxm;\/
]cGeftm;avsmhírsufESmysufvsuf udk,fütpGrf;owdÅd tvQif;r&Sd
jzpfav\/ ('Ha,v? 10;8)/ xdkuJhodkYxdcdkufjcif;cH&aom
pdwf0dnmOfonf ¤if;\udk,fusdkK;&Smaomoabmudkvnf;aumif;?
udk,fudkudk,fcspfcifESpfoufaomoabmudkvnf;aumif; &GH&Sm
pufqkyfvmí ocifc&pfawmf\ajzmifhrwfjcif;wefcdk;tm;jzifh
bk&m;ocif\ynwfawmfESifhvnf;aumif;? ocifc&pfawmf\
tusifhoabmawmfESifhvnf;aumif; nDnGwfaompdwfESvHk;oefU&Sif;
jcif;tjzpfudk&SmMuvdrfhrnf/
&Sifaygvku? ]ynwfw&m;tm;jzifh&aomajzmifhrwfjcif;udk
ar;jyefaomf} tjyifty tjyKtrlwdkYESifhoufqdkifvQif olonf
]tjypfwifcGifhESifhuif;vGwfaomoljzpf\} [kajymqdk\/(zdvdydÜ?
3;6)/ odkY&mwGifynwfw&m;\0dnmOfoabmudk odjrifvmaom
tcg rdrdukd,fwdkifonf tjypf&Sdaomoljzpfonfudkjrif&av\/
vlrsm;wdkYonf ynwfw&m;udkrdrdwdkY\tjyiftytoufwmESifh
EdIif;pmMunfhouJhodkY ynwfw&m;udktay:,duavmuf ppfaq;
MunfhvQif olonftjypfESifhuif;pif\/ odkU&mwGif ¤if;\oefU&Sif;
 okccsrf;omvrf;nTef
34

aomw&m;rsm;udkeufeJpGmqifjcifppfaq;MunfUojzifhbk&m;ocif
onf olUtm;jrifouJhodkU olonfrdrdudk,fudkjrifvmaomtcg
olonf rdrdudk,fudkESdrfhcsOD;nTwfvsuf rdrd\tjypfudk0efcHav\/
]txufuynwfw&m;r&Sdojzifh igonftouf&Sif\/ ynwf
w&m;ay:aomtcg tjypfw&m;onf&Sifjyef\/ igvnf;ao\?}
[koluajymqdk\/ (a&mr? 7;9)/ olonfynwfw&m;\0dnmOf
oabmudkodjrifvmaomtcg tjypfw&m;onf trSefaMumufruf
zG,faumif;aomtajctaeüxifay:vmí ol\udk,fudkcsD;ajrSmuf
wwfaomoabmonf uG,faysmufoGm;av\/
bk&m;ocifonftjypftm;vHk;udk twlwlyifoabmxm;
awmfrrlyg/ vlwdkY\txiftjrifrSmuJhodkYyif bk&m;ocif\txif
tjrifü tjypftrsdkK;rsdK;tpm;pm;&Sdonf/ odkY&mwGif vlwdkY\rsuf
arSmufü rSm;aomþtrI (odkYr[kwf) xdktrIonf rnfrQavmuf
ao;i,fonf[kxif&aomfvnf; bk&m;ocif\a&SUawmfü rnfonfh
tjypfrQrao;i,fyg/ bk&m;ocifrlum; cyfodrf;aomtrIwdkUudk
wu,fyifwnf&Sdaomtajctaetwdkif;xifrSwfawmfrl\/ t&uf
udkpufqkyf&GH&Smawmfrlí t&uf\tjypfonf aomufoltm;aumif;uif
rSy,fxkwfvdrfhrnf[krdefUawmfrl\/ rmeaxmifvTm;jcif;udk udk,f
usdK;&Smjcif;jzifh wyfrufjcif;oabm&SdaomolwdkUudkvnf; rMumcP
qHk;ryJhjyifawmfrl\/ odkY&mwGifbk&m;ocifudkom txl;ojzifh
jypfrSm;aomtjypfrsm;vnf;&Sdao;\/ taMumif;um;? ¤if;wdkYonf
bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;jyKwwfaomoabmESifhvnf;aumif;? razguf
jyefaomrdk;ukyfpuf0dkif;wpf0ef;vHk;wGif&Sd udk,fusdK;r&SmaomarwÅmESifh
 aemifww&m; 35

vnf;aumif; qefYusifbufjzpfMu\/ omíMuD;aomjypfrIrsm;udk

jyKrdaomolonf rdrdü&SufzG,faomtjzpf?qif;&JaomtjzpfESifh
ocifc&pfawmf\aus;Zl;u&kPmawmfudk vdkaeaomtjzpfrsdK;&Sdae
onfudk od&Sdaumif;od&Sdvdrfhrnf/ odkU&mwGif rmeaxmifvTm;jcif;
pdwf&Sdolum; ¤if;udkrvdk[kxifojzifh ¤if;oabmrsdK;onf rdrd\
pdwfESvHk;xJü ocifc&pfawmfudkvnf;aumif;? udk,fawmfay;awmf
rlonfhaumif;csD;r*FvmwdkYudkvnf;aumif; vufrcHacs/
]tdkbk&m;ocif? tjypfrsm;aomtuREfkyfudkoem;u&kPm
pdwf&Sdawmfrlyg/} (vkum? 18;13) [kqkawmif;aomtcGefcHonf
rdrdudk,fudktvGefqdk;aomol[koabmxm;\/ tjcm;aomolwdkYu
vnf; xdkuJhodkYxifrSwfMu\/ odkY&mwGifolonf rdrdüvdkaeaom
t&mudk odjrifojzifh tjypf0efxkyfESifhvnf;aumif;? &SufaMumuf
jcif;ESifhvnf;aumif; bk&m;ocif\a&SUawmfodkYa&mufvmvsuf
oem;jcif;u&kPmawmfudkawmif;avQmufav\/ bk&m;ocif\
0dnmOfawmfonf ¤if;\aus;Zl;&SdaomtrIudkjyKvkyfí olYtm;tjypf
\wefcdk;rSu,fvTwfap&ef olonf rdrd\pdwfESvHk;udkzGifhay;\/
zg&d&J\pdwfESvHk;rlum;? bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmfjyKjyifjcif;wefcdk;
udkjiif;y,fvsuf&SdaMumif; <um;0gaomoabm? udk,hfudkudk,f
ajzmifhrwfonf[kxifaomoabmESifh qkawmif;jcif;jzifhjy\/
olonf bk&m;ocifESifha0;uGmaeaomaMumifh bk&m;ocif\pHkvif
aomoefY&Sif;jcif;tjzpfESifhEdIif;pmvdkufaomtcg rdrdudk,fwdkifü
npfnL;aeaomtjzpfudk rodrjrifcJhacs/ olübmrQrvdk[kxifrSwf
ojzifh olonf rnfonfht&mudkrQr&cJhacs/
 okccsrf;omvrf;nTef 36

oifütjypf&SdaeaomtjzpfudkodjrifvQif oifhudk,fudkomí
aumif;vmatmifjyKusifhEdkifvmonfwdkifatmif apmifhqdkif;raeyg
ESifh/ rdrdwdkYonf ocifc&pfawmfxHodkYcsOf;uyf&avmufatmif
aumif;aomolrsm;r[kwfMu[kxifrSwfol b,fESpfa,muf&SdMu
oenf;/ rdrdudk,fwdkifMudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIjzifh omíaumif;vm&ef
oifonf arQmfvifhovm;/ ]tJoa,mydvlonf rdrd\tqif;udk
vnf;aumif;? usm;opfonf tuGuftusm;wdkYudkvnf;aumif;
ajymif;vJEdkifoavm/ ajymif;vJEdkifvQif tjypfjyKavh&SdaomolwdkY
onf tjypfudkrjyKjcif;iSmwwfEdkifMuvdrfhrnf/} (a,&rd? 13;23)/
uREkfyfwdkYonfbk&m;ocifxHrSom tultnDudk&&SdEdkifMuonf/
uREfkyfwdkYonf omíjyif;aomwdkufwGef;EdI;aqmfcsuf? omíaumif;
aomtcGifhxl; (odkYr[kwf) omíoefY&Sif;aomoabmxm;rsm;&zdkY&ef
twGuf apmifhqdk;aeíroifhay/ uREfkyfwdkYonf rdrdudk,fwdkifbmrQ
rjyKvkyfEdkifMu/ rdrdü&SdaeaomtjzpfrsdK;jzifhyif ocifc&pfawmfxH
odkYvm&Murnf/
odkY&mwGifbk&m;ocifonf rdrd\aus;Zl;awmfudkjiif;y,faom
olwdkYudkyif rdrd\r[marwÅmawmfESifhu&kPmawmftm;jzifh u,fwif
awmfrlvdrfhrnf[k rnfolrQrdrdwdkYudk,fudkrvSnfhjzm;apMuESifh/
vuf0g;uyfwdkif\tvif;üomvQif tjypfonfrnfrQMuD;av;,kwf
nHhaMumif;udkod&SdEdkifonf/ bk&m;ocifonf tjypf&SdaomolwdkYudk
rpGefYy,fEdkifavmufatmif tvGefaumif;jrwfawmfrlonf[k vlrsm;
uEdI;aqmfaomtcg olwdkYtm;u&medukef;udkarQmfMunfhMuygap/
taMumif;rlum;? vlonfu,fwifjcif;cHpm;zdkY&ef tjcm;enf;r&Sdacs/
 aemifww&m; 37

taMumif;rlum;? þavmufpGefYpm;ylZmfjcif;r&SdvQif vlowÅ0g

onf tjypf\npfnL;apaomowdÅrSuif;vGwfapjcif;iSmvnf;
aumif;?oefY&Sif;aomowÅ0gwdkYESifhaygif;oif;qufqH&eftcGifhudk
jyefí&&Sdjcif;iSmvnf;aumif; rwwfEdkifacs/ 0dnmOftoufwmrsdK;
udkwpfzefjyefícH,lEdkifcGifh&&Sdjcif;iSmrwwfEdkif/ þtaMumif;aMumifh
yif ocifc&pfawmfonf em;raxmifaomol\tjypfudkrdrdtay:
ü,laqmifvsuf tjypfom;\udk,fpm;'ku©qif;&JudkcHawmfrl\/
bk&m;ocifhom;awmf\arwÅmawmf? 'ku©qif;&JESifh taocHawmfrl
jcif;trItm;vHk;wdkYu tjypf\tvGefaMumufrufzG,f MuD;rm;aom
tjypfudk xif&Sm;apavjyD/ ¤if;jyifocifc&pfawmftm; rdrdudk,fudk
tyfESHjcif;rjyKbJ tjypf\wefcdk;rSuif;vGwfjcif;? jrifhjrwfaom
toufwmtwGuf arQmfvifhjcif;wdkYudkr&Edkif[k az:jyxm;ao;\/

aemifw&aomolwdkYonf wpfcgwpf&H c&pf,mef[ktac:

cHaeMuaomolwdkY\taMumif;udktpGJjyKí ]uREfkyfonfolwdkYavmuf
aumif;ygao;onf/ olwdkYonf olwdkY\tusifhrsm;wGif uREfkyf
xufomíudk,fudkjiif;y,fjcif;? £ajE´apmifhjcif;? ajrmfjrif0D&d,
pdkufjcif;r&SdMuyg/ uREfkyfuJhodkYyif olwdkYvnf; taysmftyg;üaysmfarGY
jcif;? udk,fhtvdkodkYvdkufjcif;udkESpfoufMuonf} [kqifajcay;
wwfMuonf/ xdkenf;tm;jzifh tjcm;olwdkY\tjypfrsm;udkaz:jy
jcif;jzifh rdrdwdkYwm0efysufuGufrIudkqifajcay;wwfMuonf/
odkU&mwGif tjcm;olwdkY\tjypfrsm;ESifh csdKY,Gif;csufrsm;udkaxmuf
vsuf wpfpHkwpfa,mufaomol\tjypfudkrvTwfEdkif/ taMumif;
 okccsrf;omvrf;nTef 38

rlum;? xm0&bk&m;onf uREfkyfwdkYtm;rSm;,Gif;aomvludk yHkouf

aotjzpfESifhaz:jyxm;awmfrrl/ tpGef;txif;uif;aombk&m;
ocifudk uREfkyfwdkY\yHkoufaotjzpfay;awmfrl\/ ¤if;jyifc&pf,mef
[kac:a0:aeaomolwdkY\trSm;udkpGyfpGJaeaomolwdkYonf omí
aumif;aomtoufwm? omíjrifhjrwffaomyHkoufaoudkjyzdkY
oifhaomolrsm;jzpfMuonf/ c&pf,mefonfrnfuJhodkYjzpftyfonf
[kolwdkYü xdkrQavmufjrifhjrwfaompdwful;&SdcJhvQif olwdkY\tjypf
onf xdkrQavmufyifMuD;us,fonfr[kwfavm/ olwdkYonf tb,f
t&mrSefonfudkodaomfvnf; ¤if;trIudkjyKusifh&efjiif;y,fMu\/

aeU&ufa&TUqdkif;raeygESifh/ oif\tjypfudkpGefYypfí ocif

a,&Itm;jzifhpdwfESvHk;jzLap&ef &SmazGjcif;trIudk&ufa&TUraeygESifh/
þtcsufüaxmifaygif;rsm;pGmaomolwdkYonf xm0&qHk;&HI;jcif;odkY
a&mufonfwdkifatmifrSm;cJhMujyD/ toufwmonf wdkawmif;í
raocsmaMumif;udktxl;ajymraevdkyg/ odkY&mwGif tjypfwGif
epfrGef;vsufae&efa&G;cs,fjcif;jzifh bk&m;ocif\oefU&Sif;aom
0dnmOfawmfu awmif;yefEdI;aqmfaomtoHawmfudkvdkufemzdkY&ef
aESmifhaES;jcif;üaMumufp&maumif;aomab;Oy'f&Sd\/ þuJhodkY
tjypfüaevdkonfhtwGufyif {ueftrSefaESmifhaES;aejcif;jzpf\/
tjypfonf rnfrQavmufao;i,fonf[kxif&aomfvnf; ¤if;udk
usifhvQif tuefYtowfr&SdaomqHk;&HI;jcif;udkomjzpfapvdrfhrnf/
uREfkyfwdkYratmifjrifaomt&monf uREkfyfwdkYudkEdkifeif;vsuf uREfkyf
wdkYtm; ysufpD;jcif;odkYa&mufap&efpDrHvdrfhrnf/
 aemifww&m; 39

tm'HESifh{0wdkYu wm;jrpfxm;aomtyif\toD;udkpm;jcif;
avmuf ao;i,faomtrIuav;twGuf bk&m;ocif\rdefYrSm
awmfrlonftwdkif; aMumufp&&maumif;aomtaMumif;t&mjzpf
Edkifvdrfhrnfr[kwf[k rdrdwdkYpdwfüawG;xifMuav\/ odkY&mwGif
þao;i,faomtrIuav;onf bk&m;ocif\rajymif;vJ oefY&Sif;
aomynwfw&m;awmfudk vGefusL;jcif;aMumifh xdktrIonf vltm;
bk&m;ocifESifha0;uGmapvsuf uREfkyfwdkY\avmuxJodkYaojcif;
w&m;vrf;\wHcg;rsm;udkzGifhay;í rajymjyEdkifatmifrsm;aom
tjypfwdkYudkoufa&mufapavjyD/ vl\em;raxmifjcif;trI
aMumifh umvtqufquf uREfkyfwdkY\urmÇajrMuD;rSidka<u;oH
rsm;udktpOfojzifh Mum;ae&Muvsuf zefqif;xm;aomt&m
taygif;wdkYonf a&m*gcHpm;ae&um nnf;nL'ku©a&mufvsuf
&SdMu\/ vlonfbk&m;ocifudkykefuefjcif;aMumifh aumif;uifü
yifxdcdkufjcif;cH&\/u&medukef;onf ynwfawmfudkvGefusL;jcif;
tjypftm;ajzvTwf&eftwGuf vdktyfonfhtvGeftHhMozG,fpGefYpm;
ylaZmfjcif;\txdrf;trSwftjzpfESifhwnf&Sdae\/ tjypfudk ao;i,f
ayghqaomt&muav;uJhodkY uREfkyfwdkYonfrxifrrSwftyfay/

vGefusL;jcif;trIwdkif; ocifc&pfawmf\aus;Zl;awmfudk
trIrxm; jiif;y,faomtrIwdkif;wdkYonf oifhtay:üjyefíxdcdkuf
vdrfhrnf/ pdwfESvHk;udkcdkifrmapí pdwfqE´udkqkwf,kwfapjyD;
odem;vnfwwfaomOmPfudkxHkxdkif;apvsuf bk&m;ocif\0dnmOf
awmfu MuifempGmEdSI;aqmfwdkufwGef;aeonfudkvdkufemvdkaompdwf
 okccsrf;omvrf;nTef 40

enf;yg;vmonfomru vdkufemEdkifaomowÅdudkyif ,kwfavsmh

oGm;apvdrfhrnf/
trsm;aomolwdkYonf rdrdwdkYtvdk&Sdonfh raumif;aom
vrf;udka&Smif&Sm;Edkifvdrfhrnf[kxifrSwfvsuf rdrdwdkYtxJüvIyf&Sm;
x<uaeaom pdwfudkqdwfjidrfaeapwwfMuonf/ u&kPm
awmfESifhzdwfac:jcif;udk olwdkYonf ta&;rpdkufbJaeedkifí rMum
cPxyfcgxyfcg þzdwfac:jcif;udkMum;Edkifonf[k xifrSwfMu
onf/ oefU&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfudktjidK;xm;vsuf pmwef\tvdkodkY
vdkufaeMujyD;aemuf tvGefaMumufrufzG,faomtaumif;qHk;tcsdef
ü olwdkYonf rdrdwdkY\vrf;udkajymif;vTJEdkifMuonf[kxifrSwfMu
onf/ odkY&mwGif þtrIudpöudktvG,fwulESifhrjyKvkyfEdkifacs/
toufwmwpfavQmufvHk;wGif awGUMuHKoifMum;cJh&aomA[kokw
wdkYonf tusifhudkvHk;vHk;pDrHzefwD;aeojzifh tenf;i,faom
olwdkYom xdktcsdeftcgü ocifa,&I\yHkoP²mefudkvufcH&ef
vdkvm;wwfMuonf/
rSm;aomtusifhwpfck? tjypf&dSaomtvdkqE´wpfckyifvQif
qufvufjyKusifhMuHpnfaecJhaomf {0Ha*vdw&m;\wefcdk;awmf
tm;vHk;udk tqHk;üjy,faysmufoGm;apvdrfhrnf/ tjypfüepfrGef;ae
aomtjypf&SdorQonf bk&m;ocifudkrESpfoufap&ef pdwf0dnmOf
udkcdkifrmap\/ bk&m;ocifudkrMunfndKaomoabmwGif pdwfcdkifrm
aomol (odkYr[kwf) or®mw&m;awmfudkrdkufrJpGmtrIrxm;aomolonf
rdrdpdkufysdK;aomt&m\ toD;tESHudktqHk;ü&dwf&avonf/ qdk;aom
trIudkayghayghqqxifrSwfwwfaomolwdkYtaMumif;ESifhoufqdkif

aemifww&m; 41
í usrf;pmwGiftjypfjyKaomolonf ]rdrdtjypfMudK;wdkYjzifh csnfaESmif
jcif;udkcH&vdrfhrnf} [k ynm&Sdwpfyg;ajymxm;aompum;rsm;
xufomí aMumufp&maumif;aom owday;pum;r&Sdawmhacs/
(ok? 5;22)/
ocifc&pfawmfonf uREfkyfwdkYtm;tjypfrSu,fvTwf&ef
toifh&Sdawmfrl\/ odkYaomfuREfkyfwdkYtvdkrwlbJ twif;tusyf
jyKawmfrrl/ tjypfudkqufvufusL;vGefaejcif;jzifh raumif;rItjypf
bufüom vHk;vHk;pdwfnTwfaeí tjypfrSvGwfzdkY&ef uREfkyfwdkYonf
tvdkr&SdMuvQif? udk,fawmf\aus;Zl;awmfudk vufrcHvdkMuvQif
udk,fawmfonfrnfuJhodkYjyKvkyfEdkifawmfrlOD;rnfenf;/ uREfkyfwdkYonf
udk,fawmf\ arwÅÅmawmfudk taotcsmjiif;y,fjcif;jzifh rdrdwdkY
udk,fudkzsufqD;cJhMujyD/ ],ckyifESpfoufzG,faomtcsdef&Sd\? ,ckyif
u,fwif&maeY&ufumv&Sd\/} ],aeYwGif oifwdkYonf rdefYrSm
csufudkMum;vsuf&Sdonfjzpfí cdkifrmaompdwfESvHk;r&SdMuESifh/}
(2aum? 6;2/ a[jAJ? 3;7?8)/
]vlonftqif;oPm²efudkMunfh&Iwwf\/ xm0&bk&m;
ocifrlum; ESvHk;udkMunf&Iwwfonf/} (1&m? 16;7)/ vl\
pdwfESvHk;onf twGif;ü0rf;ajrmufjcif;ESifh0rf;enf;jcif;wdkY\
wdkufvSefjcif;ESifhjynfh0ae\/ vrf;rSmvsuffxif&ma&mufaeaom
pdwfjzpfí npfnL;jcif;? vSnfhjzm;jcif;trsdK;rsdK;ESifhjynfh0vsuf&Sdaom
ae&mjzpf\/ udk,fawmfonf vl\pdwfESvHk;wGif&SdaomtMuHtpnf?
&nf&G,fcsufESifhtvdkqE´rsm;uddkod&Sdawmfrl\/ oif\pdwf0dnmOf
onf xdkodkYpGef;xif;aeonftwdkif;yif udk,fawmfxHodkYcsnf;uyf

okccsrf;omvrf;nTef 42
avmh/ tvHk;pHkwdkYudkodjrifawmfrlaomt&Siftm; rdrd\pdwfESvHk;
tcef;udkzGifhay;vsuf qmvHq&muJhodkY ] tdkbk&m;ocif?tuREfkyf
udkppfaMumí tuREfkyfESvHk;udkodrSwfawmfrlyg/ pHkprf;ípdwftxif
rsm;udkvnf; odrSwfawmfrlyg/ qdk;aomvrf;odkYtuREfkyfvdkufonf
rvdkufonfudkMunfh&Ií xm0&vrf;xJodkYaqmifawmfrlyg}
[ka<u;aMumfygavmh/ (qmvHusrf;? 139;23?24)/
trsm;aomolwdkYonf bk&m;ocifüarGUavsmfjcif;wpfrsdK;jzpf
onfh todOmPfw&m;ESifhpyfqdkifaom bmomw&m;wpfrsdK;udk
vufcHMuonf/ oif\qkawmif;csufum;? ]tdkbk&m;ocif?
tuREfkyftxJüpifMu,faomESvHk;udkzefqif;awmfrlyg/ jrJjrHwnf
Munfaomoabmudk topfjyKjyifawmfrlyg} [laomtcsufjzpf
ygap/ (qmvHusrf;? 51;10)/ oif\pdwf0dnmOfESifhrSefuefpGm
jyKyg/ oif\aowwfaomtoufwmonf ‘”'ku©a&mufaevQif
oifonfwwfEdkiforQpdwftm;MuD;pGmESifh qufvufMudK;pm;yg/
þtrIonf oif\pdwf0dnmOfESifhbk&m;ocif\pyfMum;wGif xm0&
umvtwGuf qHk;jzwf&rnfhtrIjzpfayonf/ pdwful;ESifhomref
arQmfvifhaevQif bmrQxyfrHrjyKvkyfbJaevQif oifonftrSef
ysufpD;jcif;odkYa&mufvdrfhrnf/
bk&m;ocif\EIwfxGufpum;awmfudk qkawmif;vsufavhusuf
yg/xdkEIwfxGufpum;awmfwGifyg&Sdaom bk&m;ocif\ynwfawmfudk
vnf;aumif;? ocifc&pfawmf\toufwmtaMumif;üvnf;
aumif; oefY&Sif;jcif;ESifhqdkifaomtajccHw&m;MuD;udk oifwdkYtm;
az:jyxm;ygonf/ þuJhodkYaom ]oefY&Sif;jcif;r&SdvQif tb,f

aemifww&m; 43

olrQxm0&bk&m;ocifudkrzl;rjrif&/} (a[jAJ? 12;14/) ¤if;onf

tjypfudkaz:jy\/ u,fwif&mvrf;udkvnf;xif&Sm;pGmaz:jy\/
oif\pdwf0dnmOftm; bk&m;ocifrdefYawmfrlaompum;oHuJhodkY
¤if;udkowdjyKyg/
tjypf\MuD;us,faomtjzpfudkoifonfodjrifvQif? oifh
udk,fwdkifwu,fyifjzpfaeaomtajctaeudk oifonf uddk,fwdkif
odjrifem;vnfvQifpdwfrysufygESifh/ocifc&pfawmfonf tjypf
&SdaomolwdkYudku,fwiftHhaomiSm<uvmawmfrl\/ bk&m;ociftm;
uREfkyfwdkYESifhrdwfo[m,zGJUap&ef uREkfyfwdkYuoGm;í awmif;yef
ae&onfr[kwf/bk&m;ocifonf ocifc&pfawmfü ]avmutm;
udk,fawmfESifhrdwfo[m,zGJUapawmfrl\/} (2aum? 5;19)/ tdk?
rnfrQtHhMozG,faumif;aomarwåmjzpfoenf;? udk,fawmfonf
rdrd\odrfarGUaomarwåmawmftm;jzifh rSm;aeaomom;orD;wdkY\
pdwfESvHk;udkqGJiifvsufaeawmfrl\ bk&m;ocifonf u,fq,f&ef
&SmMuHaeaomolwdkY\tjypfESifhrSm;aomtrIrsm;udkonf;cHawmfrl
ouJhodkY rnfonfhavmurdbwpfa,mufrQ onf;cHEdkifrnfr[kwf/
tjypfjyKaomoludk rnfolrQMuifempGmawmif;yefwdkufwGef;aeMu
rnfr[kwf? vrf;rSm;vsuf vSnfhvnfaeaomoltm; bk&m;ocif
xufrnfolonf omíMuifempGm awmif;yefaevdrfhOD;rnfenf;/
bk&m;ocif\uwdawmfESifhowday;pum;taygif;wdkYum; rajymjy
Edkifavmufatmif MuD;us,faomarwåm\t&Sdefyifjzpf\/
oifonftjypfrsm;aomoljzpfonf[kajymqdk&ef pmwefonf
oifhxHvmaomtcg oif\a&G;ekwf&SifudkarQmfMunfhvsuf udk,fawmf

okccsrf;omvrf;nTef 44

\aumif;rltaMumif;udkajymjyavmh/ oifhtm;rpulnDrnft&m
onf udk,fawmf\tvif;udkMunfhjcif;trIjzpfonf/ oif\tjypfudk
0efcHjyD;aemuf ]a,&Ic&pfonf tjypf&SdaomolwdkYudku,fwifjcif;
iSm þavmuodkY<uvmawmfrlonf } [k &efoltm;ajymjyavmh/
(1wdarmao? 1;15)/ ¤if;jyif udk,fawmf\rEdIif;,SOfEdkifaom
arwåmawmftm;jzifh oifonf u,fwifjcif;cH&vdrfhrnf[kajymjy
OD;avmh/ocifa,&Ionf &Sdrkeftm;ta<u;&SdaomolESpfOD;taMumif;
ESifhpyfqdkifí ar;cGef;wpfckudkar;awmfrl\/ wpfOD;onf rdrdocif
tm;tenf;i,faomta<u;udkay;p&m&Sd\/ tjcm;wpfOD;ü tvGef
rsm;aomta<u;udkay;p&m&Sd\/odkY&mwGif ocifonf ESpfOD;pvHk;
udktjypfvTwf\/ xdkaemuf ocifc&pfawmfu &Sdrkeftm; tb,f
olonf rdrdocifudkomícspfenf;[kar;awmfrl\/ &Sdrdefu?
]omíaus;Zl;cH&aomolonf omícspfvdrfhrnf} [kjyefajz\/
(vkum? 7;43)/ uREfkyfwdkUonftjypfrsm;aomolrsm;jzpfcJhMujyD/
odkYaomf ocifc&pfawmfonf uREfkyfwdkY\tjypfudkajzvTwfapjcif;
iSm taocHawmfrl\/ ukd,fawmf\pGefYpm;qufuyfjcif;wnf;[l
aomaumif;rIawmfMuD;onf uREfkyfwdkYtwGuf crnf;awmfa&SUwGif
qufuyf&ef vHkavmufay\/ udk,fawmfu rsm;pGmtjypf
vTwfawmfrljcif;cH&aomolwdkYonf udk,fawmfudkrsm;pGmcspfcif
Muí udk,fawmf\arwåmawmfESifh pGefYpm;ylaZmfjcif;twGuf
udk,fawmfudkcsD;rGrf;&ef olwdkYonf udk,fawmfESifhteD;uyfqHk;ae
Muvdrfhrnf/ uREfkyfwdkYonf bk&m;ocif\arwåmawmftaMumif;
udk tvGef&Sif;vif;pHkvifpGm odem;vnfvmMuaomtcgü uREfkyf

aemifww&m; 45

wdkYonf tjypf\MuD;av;aomtjzpfudkaumif;pGmod&SdvmMu\/
uREfkyfwdkYonf uREfkyfwdkYxHodkYcsay;vdkufaomarwåmMudK;\t&SnfESifh
tvsm;udk uREfkyfwdkYodjrif&Muaomtcg? uREfkyfwdkYtwGuf ocif
c&pfawmfjyKawmfrlaom pGefYpm;ylaZmfjcif;taMumif;udk uREfkyfwdkYonf\
od&Sdem;vnfvmMuaomtcg uREfkyfwdkY\pdwfESvHk;onf El;nHhaMuuGJ
jcif;ESifhnGwfaysmif;vmMu\/

---000---

tjypfudkaz:jy0efcsjcif;
46

]rdrdtjypfudk0Sufxm;aomolonf csrf;omr&/ rdrdtjypfudk

az:jy0efcsí pGefYypfaomolrlum; u&kPmawmfudkcH&vdrfhrnf/}
(ok? 28;13)/
bk&m;ocifxHawmfudkcHpm;zdkY&ef vdkufem
tyfaompnf;urf;csufrsm;onf vG,fulajzmifhrSefayonf/
uREfkyfwdkYonftjypfvTwfjcif;tcGifhudk&&SdMurnftaMumif; uREfkyf
wdkYtm; pdwf'ku©a&mufapaomtrItcsdKYudkjyKapzdkY&ef xm0&bk&m;
ocifonf tvdk&Sdawmfrrlyg/ bk&m;ociftm; rdrdwdkY\pdwfESvHk;udk
tyfESH&efaomfvnf;aumif;? rdrdwdkY\vGefusL;jcif;tjypfrsm;udk
vTwfawmfrlap&efaomfvnf;aumif; uREfkyfwdkYonf 0wfjyKudk;uG,f
a&;twGuf a0;vHyifyef;aomc&D;udkoGm;zdkYrvdkyg/ a&m*g
oufa&mufapaomudk,fudkqHk;rjcif;? tyifyef;cHaomtusifhrsm;udk
usifhzdkYrvdkacs/ rdrd\tjypfudkaz:jy0efcsí pGefYy,faomolonfum;
u&kPmawmfudkcHpm;&vdrfhrnf/
wrefawmfwpfyg;u? ]tcsif;csif;wpfa,mufudkwpfa,muf
udk,ftjypfudkaz:jyawmif;yefMuavhm? csrf;om&rnftaMumif;
tcsif;csif;wdkYtzdkYqkawmif;Muavmh} [kajymqdk\/ (,mukyf?
5;16)/ bk&m;ocifomvQiftjypfudkaz:jy0efcsavmh? ¤if;jyif tcsif;
csif; wpfa,mufudkwpfa,muf tjypfudkaz:jyawmif;yefMuavmh/
oifonf oif\rdwfaqG (odkYr[kwf) tdrfeD;csif;tm;jypfrSm;rdcJhvQif

tjypfudkaz:jy0efcsjcif; 47

oif\trSm;udkaz:jyawmif;yef&rnf/ xdktcgoif\tjypfudk
vHk;vHk;ajzvTwfzdkY&ef olüwm0ef&Sdayonf/ xdkaemufepfemxdcdkuf
ap&mü oifonfol\zefqif;&SifESifha&G;Ekwf&Siftm; jypfrSm;aom
aMumifh oifonf bk&m;ociftm;tjypfvTwfawmfrlap&ef awmif;
avQmuf&rnf/ wpfyg;wnf;jzpfí rSefuefaomzsefajzoljzpfonfh
uREfkyfwdkY\,Zfyka&m[dwfrif;a&SUawmfodkY þtrIudkwifjy&av
onf/ xdk,Zfyka&m[dwfrif;onf ]igwdkYcH&onfenf;wl trsdK;rdsK;
aompHkprf;aESmifh,Sufjcif;wdkYudkcHzl;aomoljzpfawmfrl\/ odkU&mwGif
tjypfESifhuif;vGwfawmfrl\/} ¤if;jyif ]igwdkYcH&aom
qif;&J'ku©rsm;aMumifh rMuifemEdkifaomolr[kwf } ojzifh tjypf\
tpGef;txif;&SdorQwdkYudk aq;aMumy,f&Sif;jcif;iSm wwfEdkifawmf
rl\/ (a[jAJ? 4;15)/
rdrd\tjypfudkaz:jy0efcs&mü bk&m;ocif\a&SUawmfwGif
rdrdwdkY\pdwfESvHk;udkrESdrfhcsaomolonf bk&m;ocifvufcHawmf
rlap&ef vdkufemtyfaomyxrpnf;urf;csufudk jynfhpHkpGmrvdkuf
remcJhao;yg/ uREfkyfwdkYonf trSefaemifw&aomoabmrsdK;r&SdcJh?
tjypfudktvGef&GH&SmpGefUypfvsuf trSefpdwfESdrfhcsí pdwfESvHk;aMuuGJ
jcif;r&SdbJ rdrdwdkU\tjypfudkaz:jy0efcsvQif uREfkyfwdkYonf tjypf
vTwfawmfrlzdkU&ef {ueftrSefyif b,ftcgrQ rawmif;avQmufcJh
Muao;yg/ ¤if;tjyif? b,ftcgrQrawmif;avQmifcJhao;vQif
uREkfyfwdkYonf bk&m;ocif\jidrfoufjcif;rsdK;udk b,ftcgrQr&&SdcJh
Muao;yg/ uREfkyfwdkYonf vGefcJhaomtjypfrsm;rS tb,faMumifh
uif;vGwfjcif;tcGifhr&&SdcJhonfhtaMumif;&if;wpfckum;? uREfkfyfwdkY

okccsrf;omvrf;nTef 48

onf rdrdwdkY\pdwfESvHk;udkESdrfhcsvdkaompdwfoabmr&Sd/ or®mw&m;

ESifhqdkifaom EIwfxGufpum;awmf\pnf;urf;csufwdkYudk rvdkufem
aomaMumifhomjzpfownf;/ þtrIudpöESifhoufqdkifaomoGefoif
Mo0g'ay;csufudktxift&m;az:jyxm;ayonf/ vltrsm;a&SUü
vnf;aumif;? vQdKY0Sufaomae&müvnf;aumif; tjypfudkaz:jy
0efcsjcif;trIonf tjypfom;tm; twif;tusyfwdkufwGef;ojzifh
jyK&aomtrIudpörsdK;rjzpf&/ ¤if;trIudkayghayghqqtrSwfwrJhrjyK
tyf? (odkUr[kwf) tjypfudk&GH&Smpufqkyfjcif;oabmudk aumif;pGm
rodem;rvnfao;aomoltm; twif;tusyfjyKaptyfaomtrI
r[kwf/ pdwfygvsufyGifhvif;pGmaz:jy0efcsrIudk bk&m;ocifonf
vufcHawmfrl\/ qmvHq&m;u? ]xm0&bk&m;ocifonf
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aemifw&í pdwfESdrfhcsaomolwdkYudkvnf; u,fwifawmfrl\}
[kajymqdkxm;\/ (qmvHusrf;? 34;18)/
rSefuefaom0efcsawmif;yefjcif;onf oD;jcm;oufqdkifaom
tjypfrsdK;ESifhtjrJoufqdkifí xl;jcm;aomtjypfrsdK;jzpfaumif;
xdktjypfrsm;um; bk&m;ocifudkomaz:jy&aomtjypfrsdK;jzpfaumif;
jzpfvdrfhrnf? xdktjypfwdkYaMumifh epfemxdcdkufjcif;cH&aom vltoD;
toD;wdkYtm; az:jyawmif;yef&aomtjypfrsdK;jzpfaumif;jzpfvdrfh
rnf? (odkUr[kwf) vltrsm;ESifhoufqdkifí vltrsm;a&SUwGifaz:jy
awmif;yef&aomtjypfrsdK;vnf;jzpfaumif;jzpfvdrfhrnf/odkU&mwGif
0efcsawmif;yefrIr&SdaomolwdkYwGif aocsm? tcsufusvsuf udk,f
wdkiftaotcsmvGefusL;aomtjypfrsm;udk0efcH&rnf/

tjypfudkaz:jy0efcsjcif; 49

&SarGvvufxufü £oa&vvlwdkYonf bk&m;ociftxH

awmfrSa&mifz,foGm;Mu\/ olwdkYonf rdrdwdkUtjypftwGuf qdk;udsK;
rsm;udkcHpm;ae&Mu\/ taMumifhrlum;? olwdkYonf bk&m;ocifü
,HkMunftm;xm;jcif;uif;rJhcJhMu\/ EdkifiHudktkyfpdk;Edkifaomwefcdk;
ESifhOmPfynmawmfudka0zefydkif;jcm;Edkifaomoabmuif;rJhMu\/
&efolwdkYudkumuG,fEdkifí rdrdtaMumif;udktckdiftrmxif&Sm;apEdkif
awmfrlaompGrf;tm;owdåawmfü olwdkY\,HkMunftm;xm;jcif;uif;rJh
vmcJh\/ olwdkYonfrdk;ukyfpud0dkif;udktkyfpdk;awmfrlaomt&SifxHrS
vTJoGm;Muí olwdkY\ywfvnfü&SdaomvlrsdK;rsm;enf;wl tkyfpdk;jcif;
udkcH,lvkdMu\/ olwdkYonfjidrfoufjcif;r&&SdMurD þuJhodkYaocsm
aomcH0efcsufudkjyMu\/ ]tuREfkyfwdkUonf &Sifbk&ifudkawmif;aom
tm;jzifh txuftjypfrsm;wdkYtay:rSm xyfítjypfudkjyKrdygjyD/}
(1a&m? 12;19/) olwdkYjyKcJhaMumif; xif&Sm;aomtjypfudk olwdkYonf
az:jy0efcsawmif;yef&MujyD/ olwdkY\aus;Zl;uif;rJhjcif;trIonf
olwdkY\pdwfESvHk;nSOf;qJESdyfpufí olwdkYtm;bk&m;ocifxHrs
uGJuGmoGm;ap\/
trSefyifaemifw&íajymif;vJjyKjyifjcif;r&SdbJ 0efcsawmif;
yefrIudk bk&m;ocifonf vufcHawmfrrlyg/ toufwmwGif
xif&Sm;pGmajymif;vJrI&Sd&rnf/ bk&m;ociftm; rSm;rdaomtjypf
&SdorQudkpGefYypf&rnf/ tjypftwGuftrSef0rf;enf;jcif;aMumifh
þtajctaersdK;jzpfay:vmvdrfhrnf/ uREfkyfwdkYjyKvkyftyfaom
wm0eftaMumif;udkxif&Sm;pGm uREfkyfwdkYtm;az:jyxm;ygonf/
]udk,fudkudk,faq;aMumMuavmh? udk,fudkudk,fpifMu,fapMuavmh/

okccsrf;omvrf;nTef 50

oifwdkY\tjypfrsm;udk ighrsufarSmufrSy,f&Sm;Muavmh? raumif;

aomtusifhudkjzwfMuavmh? aumif;aomtusifhudkusifhtHhaomiSm
oifMum;avmh? w&m;ojzifhjyKjcif;udk&SmMuHMuavmh? aumufaom
t&mudkajzmifhapMuavmh? rdbr&SdaomolwdkYtzdkY w&m;ojzifh
pD&ifMuavmh? rqdk;rwdkY\trIudkapmifhMuavmh/} (a[&S,
1;16?17)/ ]aygifxm;aomOpömudkrodkrxm;? vk,laomOpömudk
jyefay;vsuf t"r®trIudkrjyKbJ touf&Sif&mynwfw&m;vrf;
odkYvdkufvQif taorcH&bJ pifppftouf&Sif&vdrfhrnf/}
(a,Zausv 33;15)/ aemifw&jcif;trItaMumif;ESifhpyfqdkifí
az:jy&mü aygvku? ]bk&m;ocif\tvdkawmfESifhnDaom
oifwdkY\0rf;enf;jcif;onf oifwdkYütb,fodkYaomowdjyKjcif;?
udk,ftjypfudkajzjcif;? trsufxGufjcif;? aMumuf&GHUjcif;? tvGef
awmifhwjcif;? ig\tudsK;tvdkiSmpdwftm;MuD;jcif;? w&m;ojzifh
'PfpD&ifjcif;wdkYudk jyKjyifonfudkMunfh&IMuavmh/ oifwdkYonf
þtrIütjypfuif;onfudk t&m&mtm;jzihfxif&Sm;jyMujyD} [k
ajymqdkxm;\/ (2aum&defok 7;11)/
tjypfonf tusifhudkaumif;rGefodjrifem;vnfwwf
aomoabmudk aysmufaysmufoGm;apaomtcg trSm;udkjyKaomol
onf rdrdtusifhwGifcsdkU,Gif;aomtcsufwdkYudkrodrjrifacs/ rdrd
usL;vGefaomtjypf\tvGefMuD;us,fjcif;tjzpfudkvnf; rodrjrif
acs/ ¤if;jyif tjypfudkaz:jyxif&Sm;aponfh oefU&Sif;aom0dnmOf
awmf\jyKjyifjcif;wefcdk;udkrcHr,lvQif olonf rdrdtjypfudkrjrifbJ
aevdrfhrnf/ ol\0efcHajymjycsufwdkYrSm &dk;ajzmifhrSefuefjcif;?

tjypfudkaz:jy0efcsjcif; 51

pdwftm;xufoefjcif;r&Sdacs/ ol\tjypfwdkYudk 0efcHajymjyaom

tcgwdkif; taMumifht&mwpfpHkwpfckaMumifhr[kwfvQif rdrdtm;
qHk;rjcif;cH&aomtjypfudk jyKrdonfr[kwf[k rdrdtjypftwGuf
qifajcay;vsufawmif;yefwwfonf/
tm'HESifh{0wdkYonf wm;jrpfxm;aomtyif\toD;udkpm;jyD;
aemuf olwdkYonf&SufaMumufjcif;? xdwfvefUjcif;oabmESifhjynfhvm
Mu\/ yxrOD;pGmolwdkYonf rdrdtjypftwGuf rnfuJhodkYqifajc
ay;vsuf aMumufrufzG,faomao'PfrS vGwfuif;&ygrnfenf;
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taMumif;ar;jref;awmfrlaomtcg tm'Honf tjypfudk bk&m;
ociftay:üwpf0uf? rdrdtay:üwpf0ufwifvsuf ]uRefawmfü
tyfay;awmfrlaomrdef;ronf xdktyif\toD;udkay;í uRefawmf
pm;rdygonf} [kjyefavQmufav\/ rdef;ronf tjypfudka>rtay:
üwifvsuf ]a>ronf uRefrudkvSnfhpm;í uRefronf
pm;rdygjyD} [kajymqdkav\/ (urmÇOD;usrf; 3;12?13/) udk,fawmf
onftb,faMumifha>rudk zefqif;xm;awmfrl&oenf;/ tb,f
aMumifholUtm;{'ifO,sOfxJodkU0ifvmzdkY tcGifhjyKawmfrl&oenf;/
olr\qifajcü þuJhodkYaomar;cGef;rsm;udkar;&ma&mufojzifh
olu\ysufpD;qHk;yg;&jcif;rSm bk&m;ocif\wm0efjzpfonf[k
bk&m;ociftm;tjypfwif&ma&muf\/ rdrdudk,fwdkifomajzmifhrwf
rSefuefonf[laomoabmonf rkom;\tbrStpjzpfay:vmí
tm'H\om;orD;tygif;wdkYwGif þoabmonfxif&Sm;yg&Sdvm
av\/ þuJhodkYaom0efcsawmif;yefjcif;rsdK;onf 0dnmOfawmfESifh

okccsrf;omvrf;nTef 52

EdI;aqmfwdkufwGef;jcif;aMumifhr[kwfojzifh bk&m;ocifonf vufcH

awmfrrlyg/ rSefaomaemifwonf tjypfom;tm;rdrd\tjypfudk
rdrdudk,fwdkifcHapvsuf vdrfvnfvSnfhjzm;jcif;? aumufuspfpOf;vJ
jcif;r&SdbJ 0efcHap\/ oem;p&maumif;aomtcGefcHuJhodkY
aumif;uifodkYarQmfrMunfhbJacgif;iHkYvsuf? ]tdkbk&m;ocif?tjypfrsm;
aomtuREfkyfudkoem;jcif;u&kPmpdwf&Sdawmfrlyg} [kavQmufxm;
vdrfhrnf/ ¤if;jyif rdrdwdkY\tjypfudk0efcHaomolwdkYonf ajzmifhrwf
&modkYa&mufvdrfhrnf/ taMumif;rlum;? ocifa,&Ionf aemifw
&aom0dnmOftwGuf rdrd\taoG;tm;jzifhawmif;yefajymqdkawmf
rlvdrfhrnf/
rSefaomaemifw? ESdrfhcsjcif;wdkYtaMumif;ESifhoufqdkifí bk&m;
ocif\EIwfxGufpum;awmfwGif yHkoufaorsm;onf tjypftwGuf
qifajcay;jcif;? (odkYr[kwf) rdrdudk,fwdkifomajzmifhrwfonf[laom
oabmrsm;rygr&Sdaom 0efcsawmif;yefjcif;rsdK;udk xif&Sm;pGm
az:jyxm;Mu\/ aygvkonf rdrdudk,fudkumuG,fajymqdk&ef
rMudK;pm;? rdrd\tjypfrsm;udkavQmhíjy&ef rMuHpnf? ¤if;tjypfwdkYudk
trnf;qHk;aomaq;a&mifjzifhjc,fvS,fjyxm;\/ ],Zfyka&m[dwf
tMuD;wdkYxHütcGifh&jyD;vQif oefY&Sif;oltrsm;wdkYudk axmifxJrSm
avSmifxm;yg\/ olwdkYonf taoowfjcif;udkcH&aomtcg
tuREfkyfonf0efcHyg\/ xdkolwdkYonf bk&m;ocifudkEIwfjzifhjypf
rSm;apjcif;iSm tuREfkyfonf tEdkiftxufjyKí cyfodrf;aomw&m;
Z&yfwdkYü Mudrfzefrsm;pGm'Pfay;yg\/ jyif;pGmaomtrsufa'goESifh
wpfuRef;wpfEdkifiHwdkifatmif olwdkYudknSOf;qJESdyfpufyg\} [k

tjypfudkaz:jy0efcsjcif; 53

oluaz:jyxm;\/ (wrefawmf 26;10?11)/ ]ocifa,&Ic&pf

onf tjypf&SdaomolwdkYudku,fwif&ef þavmuodkY<uvmawmf
rl\/ xdkolwdkYwGif igonf tjypftMuD;qHk;aomoljzpf\} [k
olurqdkif;rvifhbJ qufvufaz:jyao;\/ (1wdarmao? 1;15)/
rSefuefaomaemifwtm;jzifh pdwfESdrfhcsvsuf pdwfESvHk;aMu
uGJaomolonf bk&m;ocif\arwåmawmftaMumif;ESifh u&med
ukef;\wefzdk;taMumif;udk aumif;pGmod&Sdem;vnfvsuf av;pm;
vdrfhrnf/ ¤if;jyif cspfjcif;arwåmESifhjynfhpHkaomzciftm; 0efcs
awmif;yefaomom;uJhodkY trSefaemifw&aomolonf rdrd\tjypf
&SdorQwdkYudk bk&m;ocif\a&SUawmfodkU,laqmifvmvdrfhrnf/ ]udk,f
tjypfwdkYudkaz:jyawmif;yefvQif igwdkYtjypfrsm;udkvTwfí tjypf
&SdorQESifhuif;pifapjcif;iSm bk&m;ocifonf opömw&m;ESifhvnf;
aumif;? ajzmifhrwfjcif;ESifhvnf;aumif; jynfhpHkawmfrl\} [k
usrf;pmwGifa&;om;xm;\/ (1a,m[efMo0g'pm 1;9)/

---000---

qufuyfylaZmfjcif;
54

]ighudk&Smaomtcg pdwfESvHk;t<uif;rJh&SmvQif awGYMuvdrfh

rnf/} (a,&rd 29;13) [laomtcsufonf bk&m;ocif\uwd
awmfjzpfonf/
pdwfESvHk;udkbk&m;ocifudk vHk;vHk;tyfESH&rnf/ odkUr[kwfvQif
udk,fawmf\yHkoP²mefawmfESifhwlnDjcif;tcGifhudk jyef&&SdEdkifrnf
taMumif; ajymif;vJjyKjyifjcif;tcGifhudk b,ftcgrQrjyKvkyfEdkif/
uREfkyfwdkYonfobm0tm;jzifh bk&m;ocifESifhqefYusifvsuf&SdMu
onf/ oefU&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfu uREfkyfwdkY\tajctaeudk
þpum;rsm;jzifhaz:jyxm;\/ ]xdktjypfüaovsufaeaom}
({zuf 2;2/) ]OD;acgif;onftemoufouf&Sd\/ ESvHk;onf
vnf;cGeftm;tvQif;r&Sd/h...usef;rmjcif;r&Sd/} (a[&Sm, 1;5?6/)
uREfkyfwdkYonf pmwef\ausmhuGif;ürdaeMu\/ ]pmwef\tvdk
twdkif; zrf;rdaeMu\/} (2wdarmao 2;26/) bk&m;ocifonf
uREfkyfwdkYtm;usef;rmap&eftvdk&Sdawmfrl\/ u,fvTwf&eftvdk
&Sdawmfrl\/ odkU&mwGif þodkYjyKzdkY&ef vHk;vHk;jyKjyifajymif;vJjcif;?
uREfkyfwdkY\e*dktajctaewpfckvHk;udk topfjyKjyifjcif;udkvdkao;
aomaMumifh uREfkyfwdkYonf rdrdwdkYudk,fwdkif udk,fawmfudkvHk;vHk;
tyfESH&Muvdrfhrnf/
wdkufcdkufaomppfyGJwdkYwGif rdrdukd,fESifhwdkufvSef&aomppfyGJ
onf tMuD;qHk;ppfyGJjzpf\/ rdrdudk,fudktyfESHjcif;? tvHk;pHkwdkYudk
bk&m;ocif\tvdkawmfodkYtyfay;jcif;trIwGif MuD;pGmtm;xkwf&

qufuyfylaZmfjcif; 55

jcif;tvkyfudkvdkayonf/ odkU&mwGif pdwf0dnmOfonfoefU&Sif;jcif;

odkUa&muf&ef topfjyKjyifjcif;rcH&rD ¤if;udkbk&m;ociftm; qufuyf
tyfESH&rnf/
pmwefuxifrSwfaponfhtwdkif; bk&m;ociftkyfcsKyfpDrH
awmfrljcif;trIonf rodem;rvnfaomusdK;EGHjcif;? taMumif;r&Sd
aompdk;&drfjcif;tay:ü tajcwnfxm;onfr[kwf/ ¤if;onf
todOmPfESifhjynfhpHkvsuf a0zefydkif;jcm;wwfaompdwfudk
EdI;aqmfawmif;yefvsuf&Sd\/ ]vmMu? w&m;pD&ifMuukeftHh} [k
zefqif;&Sifu rdrdzefqif;awmfrlcJhaomowå0gwdkYtm;zdwac:vsuf
&Sdawmfrl\/ bk&m;ocifonfrdrd\owå0gwdkYtm; twif;tusyf
tvdkawmfudk0efcHap&efjyKawmfrrlyg/ pOf;pm;qifjcifvsuf pdwfyg
pGmrjyKaom&dkaoudkif;nGwfjcif;trIudk bk&m;ocifonfvufcHawmf
rrl/ twif;tusyfudsK;EGHapaomtrIonf pdwf (odkYr[kwf) tusifh
"avhudk wu,fyifwdk;yGm;apaomtrIudkydwfyifvdrfhrnf/ ¤if;onf
vltm;puf&kyfuJhodkYtvdk&Sd&mjyKvkyfapaomt&mjzpfvdrfhrnf/ zefqif;
awmfrl&Sif\&nf&G,fcsufum; xdkodkYr[kwf/ rdrd\zefqif;jcif;
wefcdk;udkxif&Sm;ap&mwGif txGwftxdyfjzpfaomvltm; tjrifhjrwf
qHk;aomwdk;yGm;jcif;tjzpfodkYa&muf&Sdap&eftvdk&Sdawmfrl\/ uREfkyf
wdkYtm; rdrd\aus;Zl;awmftm;jzifh jrifhjrwfaomaumif;csD;r*Fvm
udkcHpm;apzdkY&ef bk&m;ocifonf uREfkyfwdkYudka&SUüjrifhjrwfaom
pHerlemudkxm;awmfrl\/ udk,fawmfonfrdrdtvdkawmftwdkif;
uREfkyfwdkYtxJü jyKjyifEdkifrnftaMumif; rdrdudk,fudk udk,fawmftm;
qufuyf&ef uREfkyftm;zdwfac:aeawmfrl\/ bk&m;ocif\om;rsm;

okccsrf;omvrf;nTef 56

cHpm;&aombkef;&SdonfhvGwfvyfcGifhudkyg0ifcHpm;&&Sd&ef uREfkyfwdkY
onf tjypf\csnfaESmifjcif;rSvGwfajrmufcGifhtm; tvdk&Sdr&Sdudk
uREfkyfwdkYüa&G;cs,fzdkYwm0efom&Sdayawmhonf/
uREfkyfwdkYonf bk&m;ociftm; rdrdwdkYudk,fudkqufuyf&mü
uRekfyfwdkYtm; bk&m;ocifrScGJcGmoGm;rnfht&mtm;vHk;udk pGefUypf
y,f&Sm;&Murnf/ xdkaMumfihfu,fwif&Sifu ]oifwdkYwGiftMuif
olonf rdrdü&SdorQudkrpGefUbJae\/ xdkolonfighwynfhrjzpfEdkif
&m[krdefYawmfrl\/](vkum 14;33)/ pdwfESvHk;udkbk&m;ocifxHrS
qGJiifoGm;aomt&m&SdorQwdkYudk pGefUypf&rnf/ avmupnf;pdrfonf
trsm;aomolwdkY\bk&m;ocifjzpf\/ aiGudkwyfrufjcif;? avmub@m
ü<u,f0vdkaomqE´&Sdjcif;trIwdkYum; olwdkYtm;pmwefESifhqufoG,f
xm;aoma&TMudK;jzpf\/ tjcm;aomvlpm;u xif&Sm;ausmfapmrIESifh
avmu*kPftoa&udkrufarmMu\/ udk,fudsK;&Smvsuf pnf;pdrfcH
vdkjcif;? olwpfyg;tm;ulrp&ef wm0efESifhuif;vGwfpGmaevdkjcif;\
toufwmrsdK;um; tjcm;olwdkY\bk&m;ocifjzpf\/ odkU&mwGif þuJhodkY
rdrdtm; uRefcHapcJhaomtcsnftaESmifrsm;udky,fjzwf&rnf/ uREfkyf
wdkYonf bk&m;ociftzdkYwpf0ufESifh avmutzdkYwpf0ufrjzpfEdkif/
uREfkyfwdkYonf vHk;vHk;bk&m;ocif\om;orD;rsm;rjzpfMurQif
wu,fyif bk&m;ocif\om;orD;rsm;rjzpfMuacs/ bk&m;ocifudk
udk;uG,f0wfjyKMuonf[kajymqdkaeMuaomfvnf; ynwfw&m;awmf
udkvdkufem&efaomfvnf;aumif;? rSefaomtusifhudkjyKusifhí
u,fwifjcif;udk&&Sdap&efaomfvnf;aumif; rdrdwdkY\tpGrf;owdå
rsm;udk tm;udk;aeMuao;aomolrsm;&SdMuonf/ olwdkY\pdwfESvHk;

qufuyfylaZmfjcif; 57

rsm;onf ocifc&pfawmf\arwåmawmfudkod&Sd&jcif;jzifh tenf;i,f

rQvIyf&Sm;El;nGwfjcif;rjzpfMubJ c&pf,meftoufwm\0wå&m;
rsm;udk aumif;uifodkY0ifcGifh&&Sd&ef bk&m;ocifu rdrdwdkYtm;
jyKapvdkawmfrlaomtrIrsm;uJhodkY aqmif&GufvdkMuonf/ þuJhodkY
aombmomw&m;onf wefzdk;r&Sd/ ocifc&pfawmfonf pdwfESvHk;
xJüudef;atmif;awmfrlaomtcg pdwf0dnmOfonf udk,fawmf\
arwåmawmfESifhvnf;aumif;? udk,fawmfESifhrdwfo[m,zGJU&jcif;jzifh
0rf;ajrmufjcif;ESifhvnf;aumif; jynfh0aeojzifh pdwfESvHk;onf
udk,fawmfESifhqufoG,fvsuf&Sdvdrfhrnf/ ¤if;jyif udk,fawmf\
taMumif;udk qifjcifatmufarhjcif;jzifh rdrdudk,fudkarhavsmhaevdrfh
rnf/ jyKrlaomtrI&SdorQwdkYwGif ocifc&pfawmf\arwåmawmfudk
xif&Sm;apvdrfhrnf/ bk&m;ocif\tEdkiftxufqGJiifwwfaom
arwåmawmftaMumif;udk odem;vnfaomolwdkYonf bk&m;ocif\
tvdkawmfESifhnDnGwfap&ef rnfrQenf;pGmay;tyf&rnfenf;[k
rar;Muacs/ olwdkYonftedrfhqHk;aompHerlemudkrawmif;Muacs/
odkYaomf rdrdwdkYtm;a&G;ekwfawmfrlaomt&Sif\tvdkqE´eSifhvHk;vHk;
nDnGwfap&ef &nf&G,fMuav\/ olwdkYonfpdwftm;xufoefaom
oabmESifh&SdorQwdkYudktyfESHMuvsuf rdrdwdkY&SmMuHaeaomt&mESifh
wefzdk;csif;nDrQaompdwftm;MuD;jcif;vu©Pmudk xif&Sm;apMu\/
cspfjcif;arwåmr&SdbJ ocifc&pfawmf\taMumif;udk0efcHajymqdk
aejcif;trIonf tay:,dupum;? t"dyÜg,fr&Sdaom[ef? yifyef;
aom0efxkyfwpfckomjzpfayonf/

okccsrf;omvrf;nTef 58

ocifc&pfawmftm;&SdorQudktyfESHjcif;onf tvGefMuD;aom
pGefYpm;ylaZmfjcif;jzpfonf[koifxifygovm;/ ocifc&pfawmfonf
]ightwGuftb,ft&mudkpGefYawmfrljyDenf;} [koifhudk,fudkar;jref;
Munfhyg/ bk&m;ocif\om;awmfonf uREfkyfwdkYtm;a&G;Ekwf
u,fwif&eftwGuf touf? cspfjcif;arwåmESifh'ku©cH&jcif;rSpí
&SdorQwdkYudkpGefUawmfrl\/ xdkrQavmufMuD;us,faomarwåmawmf
ESifhrxdkufrwefaomt&mjzpfonfhuREfkyfwdkYonf udk,fawmftm;
rdrdwdkY\pdwfESvHk;udkray;rtyfbJaevQif oifhavsmfEdkifygovm;/
uREfkyfwdkY\toufwmwGif tcsdef&SdorQ udk,fawmf\aus;Zl;awmf
aMumifh&&Sdaomaumif;csD;r*Fvmudk uREkfyfwdkYonf cHpm;aecJh&MujyD/
¤if;jyif þtaMumif;aMumifhyif uREfkyfwdkYvGwfajrmufvmcJhMuaom
rdkufrJjcif;ESifh'ku©qif;&Jjcif;\teufudk uREkfyfwdkYonf vHk;vHk;rod
em;rvnfEdkifMuay/ uREfkyfwdkY\tjypfrsm;u xdk;azgufcJhaom
udk,fawmfudk arQmfMunfhvsufESifhyif udk,fawmf\arwåmawmfESifh
pGefkUpm;ylaZmfawmfrljcif;trI&SdorQwdkYudk uREkfyfwdkYonf jiif;y,f
vdkaomqE´&SdEdkifMuygrnfvm;/ bkef;awmfESifhjynfh0awmfrlaom
bk&m;ocif\tuefYtowfr&Sdaom ESdrfhcsjcif;udkaxmuf&Ivsuf
uREkfyfwdkYonfwdkufvSefjcif;? udk,fudkudk,f&Iwfcsjcif;tm;jzifhom
xm0&toufudk0ifpm;EdkifonfjzpfaomaMumifh uREkfyfwdkYonf
nnf;nL&Murnfavm/
rmepdwf&SdaomolwdkYu ]bk&m;ocifonf uREfkyfudkvufcH
awmfrlaMumif; taotcsmrod&rD uREkfyfonf tb,ftwGuf
aMumifh aemifw&vsuf ESdrfhcsjcif;ESifh bk&m;ocifxHudkoGm;zdkYvdk

qufuyfylaZmfjcif; 59

oenf;} [kar;Muonf/ oifhtm; uREfkyfu ocifc&pfawmfxHodkU

nTefjyygonf/ ukd,fawmfonftjypfuif;awmfrlonfomru
aumif;uifwGifrif;om;jzpfawmfrl\/ odkU&mwGif vltwGuftjypf&Sd
aomoljzpfvmawmfrl\/ ]udk,fawmfonf rw&m;aomolwdkUESifh
a&wGuf0ifjcif;okdYa&mufojzifh vlrsm;wdkY\tjypfrsm;udkaqmif&Gufí
rw&m;aomolwdkYtzdkYawmif;yefawmfrl\/} (a[&Sm 53;12)/
odkU&mwGif uREfkyfwdkYonf &SdorQwdkYudktyfay;Muaomtcg
rnfonfht&mrsm;udk uREkfyfwdkUonfpGefY&Muoenf;/ ocifa,&Ionf
rdrd\taoG;awmfESifhaq;aMumí jzLpifapvsuf rdrd\rEdIif;,SOfEdkif
aomarwåmawmfjzifhu,fq,frnftaMumif; udk,fawmftm; tjypf
ESifhnpfnL;aeaomESvHk;udktyfay;&rnf/ odkYaomf&SdorQudkpGefY&ef
cufcJonf[kvlwdkUuxifrSwfMuonf/ þodkYajymqdkonfudkMum;
&í ¤if;taMumif;udka&;om;az:jy&ef uREkfyfonf&Sufygonf/
uREkfyfwdkYüxdef;odrf;xm;zdkYtaumif;qHk;t&mudktyfap&ef
bk&m;ociftvdkawmfr&Sdyg/ udk,fawmfjyKawmfrlorQaomt&mwdkY
rSmvnf; rdrdom;orD;rsm;\aemifa&;aumif;usdK;twGufom jyKawmf
rl\/ ocifc&pfawmfudkra&G;cs,fao;aomolwdkUudk,fwdkif&SmazG
aeMuaomt&mrsm;xuf omíaumif;aomt&mudk olwdkYtm;
ay;awmfrl&ef ocifc&pfawmfü&Sdawmfrlonfudk olwdkYofnod&Sdtyf
ayonf/ vlonfbk&m;ocif\tvdkawmfESifhqefYusifaomtrI
rsm;udkMuHpnfjyKvkyfaeaomtcg olonf rdrd\pdwfynmtm;
tMuD;tus,fqHk;aomxdcdkufemusifrIESifh rw&m;aomtrIudkjyKvsuf
aeavonf/ b,ft&monf taumif;qHk;jzpfonfudkodvsuf

okccsrf;omvrf;nTef 60

rdrdzefqif;xm;aomowå0grsm;\aumif;usdK;twGuf pDrHxm;awmf
rlaomt&Sifu wm;jrpfxm;aomvrf;wGif {ueftrSefaysmfarGUjcif;udk
rawGU&SdEdkif/ tjypf\vrf;um; qif;&J'ku©ESifhysufpD;jcif;odkYydkYaom
vrf;wnf;/
bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\om;orD;rsm;ü'ku©a&mufaeonfudk
Munfhjrifvdkawmfrlonf[laomxifjrifcsufonfrSm;ayonf/vl\
aysmf&Tifa&;twGuf aumif;uifwpf0ef;vHk;uyif pdwf0ifpm;vsuf
&SdMu\/ uREfkyfwdkY\aumif;uifcrnf;awmfonf rdrd\owå0grsm;
twGuf aysmf&Tif&mvrf;rsm;udkydwfxm;awmfrrlyg/ uREkfyfwdkYtm;
'ku©qif;&Jjcif;ESifhpdwfysufjcif;odkYa&mufapvsuf aysmfarGYjcif;ESifh
aumif;uifwHcg;ukdydwfxm;aomt&mrsm;tm;a&SmifMuOf&ef
bk&m;ocifu uREfkyfwdkYtm;owday;awmfrl\/ avmu\a&G;Ekwf&Sif
onf vlrsm;tm;rdrdwdkYe*dktajctaetwdkif; rdrdwdkUüvdkaeaom
tjzpf? rpHkvifaomtjzpf? tm;enf;aomtjzpfüyif vufcHawmf
rl\/ udk,fawmfonfrdrdtaoG;awmftm;jzifh uREkfyfwdkUudktjypfrS
aq;aMumvsuf a&G;Ekwfawmfrlonforu udk,fawmf\xrf;ydk;
ESifh0efxkyfudkxrf;aqmif&ef tvdk&Sdaomoltaygif;wdkYawmifhwaom
t&mudk jznfhpGufay;awmfrlvdrfhrnf/ toufrkefYtwGuf udk,fawmf
xHvmaomoltaygif;wdkYtm; jidrfoufcsrf;omjcif;udkay;zdkY&ef udk,fawmf
onf &nf&G,fawmfrl\/ em;raxmifaomolwdkYb,ftcgrQr&Edkif
aom aumif;csD;r*Fvm\jrifhjrwfaomtajctaeodkY uREfkyfwdkYtm;
ydkYaqmifaomwm0efrsm;udkom uREfkyfwdkYtm;aqmif&Gufap&ef
udk,fawmfonftvdk&Sdawmfrl\/ vl\trSefaysmfarGYzG,ftoufwm

qufuyfylaZmfjcif; 61

um; rdrd\pdwfESvHk;xJü bkef;toa&udkarQmfvifhjcif;wnf;[laom

ocifc&pfawmfudk wnfaeapawmfrljcif;wnf;/
uREkfyfonf bk&m;ociftm; rdrdudk,fukdrnfuJhodkYtyfESH&rnf
enf;[k trsm;aomolwdkYuar;Muonf/ oifonf rdrdudk,fudk
udk,fawmftm;ay;tyfvdkonf/ odkY&mwGif oifonftusifhw&m;ü
tm;enf;í ,HkrSm;jcif;&Sd\/ tapudkcHae&vsuf tjypfESifhjynfh0
aomoifhtoufwm\tusifhqdk;rsm;tm;jzifh tkyfpdk;jcif;cHae&onf/
oif\uwdrsm;ESifhpdwfjyXmef;csufrsm;onf oJESifhvkyfaomMudK;uhJodkY
jzpfMuonf/ oifonf oif\tMuHtpnf? pdwftvdkqE´? vdkvm;
csufrsm;wdkYudk rxdef;odrf;Edkifacs/ oif\uwdcH0efcsufrsm;
ysufuGufoGm;onfudkod&aomtcg oifonf oif\pdwfudkyif
tm;udk;jcif;enf;vmvsuf bk&m;ocifonf oifhudkvufrcHEdkif[k
oifhtm;xifrSwfap\/ odkYaomf oifonf pdwfysufzdkYroifh/
oifodvdkaomt&monf pdwftvdkqE´\rSefuefaomEdI;aqmfjcif;
owdåjzpfonf/ þt&monfvl\obm0oabmü pdk;rdk;aeaom
owdå? qHk;jzwfa&G;cs,fEdkifaomowdåyifjzpfonf/ t&m&mwdkif;onf
pdwfqE´\rSefuefaomtjyKtrltay:üwnf&Sd\/ bk&m;ocifonf
vltm;a&G;cs,fEdkifaomowdåudkay;awmfrl\/ ¤if;onf olwdkYtoHk;
jyK&rnfht&mjzpfonf/ oifonf oif\pdwfESvHk;udkrajymif;vJEdkif/
oif\pdwfESvHk;xJü&SdonfhcspfESpfoufaomoabmrsm;udk bk&m;
ociftm; oifhudk,fwdkifray;tyfEdkif/ odkU&mwGifoifonf bk&m;
ocifudkudk;uG,f&ef a&G;cs,fEdkifonf/ oif\pdwftvdkqE´udk
bk&m;ociftm;ay;tyfEdkif\/ xdktcgoifonf tvdk&Sdapjcif;iSm

okccsrf;omvrf;nTef
62

vnf;aumif;? tusifhusifhapjcif;iSmvnf;aumif; oif\txJü

apwemawmftm;jzifh bk&m;ocifonf jyKjyifawmfrlrnf/ xdkenf;
tm;jzifh oif\pdwfESvHk;onf ocifc&pfawmf\0dnmOfawmf
vufatmufütkyfpdk;jcif;udkcHae&vdrfhrnf/ oif\pdwfonf
udk,fawmftay:üompGJvrf;jcif;udkcHae&vdrfhrnf/ oif\pdwfonf
udk,fawmftay:üompGJvrf;aeí oif\tMuHtpnfrsm;onf
udk,fawmf\tvdkawmfESifhnDnGwfvdrfhrnf/
aumif;jrwfjcif;ESifhoefY&Sif;jcif;udkvdkvm;aompdwfonf
aumif;ygonf/ odkU&mwGif xdkrQESifhwif;wdrfaevQif tusdK;ay;
vdrfhrnfr[kwf/ c&pf,mefjzpfzdkU&ef arQmfvifhawmifhwaepOftcg
rSmyif trsm;aomolwdkYonf qHk;&IH;jcif;odkUa&mufMuvdrfhrnf/
olwdkYonf bk&m;ociftm; rdrdwdkY\pdwfqE´udktyfESHaomtajc
taewdkifatmifra&mufMuacs/ olwdkYonf ,ck c&pf,mefjzpfzdkY
ra&G;cs,fMuao;/
tvdkqE´udkrSefuefpGmtoHk;csjcif;jzifh oif\toufwmwGif
vHk;vHk;ajymif;vJvmjcif;jzpfvdrfhrnf/ oif\tvdkqE´udk ocif
c&pfawmfudktyfESHjcif;tm;jzifh oifonftxGwftjrwf? tmPm
pufwdkYxufomí jrifhjrwfaomtmPmwefcdk;&SdaomolESifhrdwfzGJU
&avjyD/ oifhtm;wnfMunfjrJjrHap&ef oifonf aumif;uifrS
cGeftm;udk&&Sdvdrfhrnf/ ¤if;jyif xdkodkYbk&m;ociftm; tjrJtyfESH
xm;jcif;jzifh oifonftopfaomtoufwm? ,HkMunfjcif;ESifhjynfh0
aomtoufwmü touf&SifaeEdkifvdrfhrnf/

---000---

,HkMunfjcif;ESifhvufcHawmfrljcif;
63

oif\pdwfonf oefU&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmftm;jzifh x<u

Edk;Mum;vmojzifh oifonftjypf\raumif;rI? ¤if;\wefcdk;?
¤if;\'Pf? ¤if;\qdk;usdK;rsm;wdkYudkodjrifvmí oifonf
tjypfudk&GH&SmaomoabmESifhMunfh&Ird\/ tjypfonfoifhtm;
bk&m;ocifxHrScGJcGmoGm;apvsuf oifonf tjypf\wefcdk;tm;jzifh
csnfaESmifjcif;cHae&onf[k oifxifrSwfvm\/ ¤if;rSvGwfajrmuf
&efomMudK;pm;avonf/ oifonftm;udk;&mrJhjzpfaeonfudk omí
odjrifvmavjzpf\/ oif\pdwftMuHtpnfrsm;onf npfnL;í
oif\pdwfESvHk;onfrpifMu,f? oif\toufwmonf wpfudk,f
aumif;MuHjcif;ESifhvnf;aumif;? tjypfESifhvnf;aumif; jynfh0vsuf
aeonfudkodjrif\/ oifonftjypfvTwfjcif;cH&&ef? aq;aMumjcif;
cH&&ef? vGwfuif;csrf;omcGifh&&Sd&efawmifhwae\/ bk&m;ocifESifh
nDnGwfjcif;? bk&m;ocif;ESifhwlnDjcif;tcGifhudk&&Sd&ef oifonf
rnfuhJodkYjyKvkyfEdkifoenf;/
oifvdkaomt&mum; jidrfoufjcif;? pdwf0dnmOüaumif;
uifrStjypfvTwfjcif;? jidrfoufjcif;ESifhcspfjcif;arwåmjzpf\/
¤if;udkaiGESifhr0,fEdkif/ OmPfynmtpGrf;tm;jzifhrjzpfay:vmapEdkif/
ynmtm;jzifh ¤if;udkr&Edkif/ oifonf oif\tpGrf;owdåtm;jzifh
¤if;udk&&SdzdkY&ef b,ftcgrQrarQmfvifhEdkif/ odkU&mwGif bk&m;ocif
onf oifhtm;qkaus;Zl;tjzpfESifh ]aiGrygbJ? tzdk;udkray;bJ}
ay;urf;awmfrl\/ (a[&Sm, 55;1)/ oifonfvufvSrf;íudkif,l

okccsrf;omvrf;nTef 64

vQif ¤if;onfoif\Opömjzpfvm\/ xm0&bk&m;u ]oifwdkY

tjypfonf eDaomtqif;&Sdaomfvnf; rdk;yGifhuJhodkYjzLvdrfhrnf/
uwDåygESifhtrQeDaomfvnf; odk;arG;uJhodkYjzpfvdrfhrnf} [krdefUawmf
rl\/ (a[&S, 1;18)/ ]pdwfESvHk;opfudkigay;rnf/ oabm
opfudkoGif;xm;rnf/} (a,Zausv 36;26)/
oifonf oif\tjypfrsm;udkaz:jyawmif;yefcJhí pdwfESvHk;
xJrS tjypfudky,f&Sm;jyD/ oifhudk,fudkbk&m;ociftm;tyfay;&ef
qHk;jzwfcJhjyD/ ,ckbk&m;ocifxHawmfodkYoGm;í oif\tjypfrsm;udk
aq;aMumawmfrlí oifhtm;topfaomESvHk;udkay;awmfrlap&ef
awmif;avQmufavmh/ xdkaemufbk&m;ocifonf uwdxm;awmfrl
cJhjyDjzpfonftwdkif;jyKawmfrlonfudk,HkMunfavmh/ bk&m;ocif
uwdxm;awmfrlaomqkaus;Zl;udk uREfkyfwdkYonf&&SdMurnf[k
uREfkyfwdkY,HkMunf&Murnf/ ¤if;jyifxdkqkaus;Zl;awmfonf uREkfyf
wdkY\Opömjzpfonf[k ocifa,&IuajrMuD;ay:ü&SdawmfrlpOf oGefoif
awmfrlcJhaomoifcef;pmonf þt&myifjzpfayonf/ vlrsm;wdkY
onf ocifa,&I\wefcdk;awmfukd,HkMunfMuaomtcg udk,fawmf
onf olwdkY\a&m*gudkukoí usef;rmaysmufuif;apawmf
rl\/ olwdkYjrif&aomt&mrsm;ü udk,fawmfonfolwdkYtm;rpulnD
awmfrl\/ xdkenf;tm;jzifh rdrdwdkYrjrifEdkifaomt&mESifhpyfqdkifí
udk,fawmfü,HkMunftm;xm;aompdwfoabmonf olwdkYü&Sdvm&ef
jyKjyifEdI;aqmfawmfrl\/ tjypfudkvTwfydkifaomwefcdk;onf udk,f
awmfü&SdawmfrlaMumif;udk olwdkYtm;,HkMunfapawmfrl\/ ]vlom;
onfajrMuD;ay:ü tjypfvTwfydkifonfudkoifwdkYodapjcif;iSm xavmh?

,HkMunfjcif;ESifhvufcHawmfrljcif;
65

udk,fhtdyf&mudkaqmifí tdrfodkYoGm;avmh} [k vufajcaoaom

oltm;rdefYawmfrl\/ (róJ 9;6)/ xdkenf;wl{0Ha*vdtrIaqmif
a,m[efu ocifc&pfawmf\tHhzG,ftrIwdkYudktaMumif;jyKí
]a,&Ic&pfawmfwnf;[laom bk&m;ocif\om;awmfjzpfawmfrl
onfudk oifwdkYonf,HkMunfrnftaMumif; xdkodkY,Hkíemrawmf
tm;jzifh toufudk&rnftaMumif; þrQavmufa&;xm;vsuf
&Sdownf;} [kaz:jyxm;\/ (a,m[ef 20;31)/
ocifa,&Ionfvlemudk rnfuJhodkYukoawmfrlaMumif;
usrf;pmüvG,fulpGmaz:jyxm;aomtaMumif;t&mudk axmuf&I
jcif;jzifh tjypfvTwfjcif;cHpm;zdkY&ef ukd,fawmfürnfuJhodkY,HkMunfjcif;
&Sd&rnftaMumif; uREfkyfwdkYonf oifcef;pmudk&&SdEdkifMuonf/
aAaoo'a&uefem;ü vufajcaoaeaomol\taMumif;udk
jyefíMunfhMupdkY/ xdk'ku©a&mufaeolonf tm;udk;&mrJhjzpfae\/
olonfvufajcaoaeonfrSm oHk;q,fh&SpfESpf&SdjyD/ odkY&mwGif
ocifa,&Iu? ]xavmh? udk,fhtdyf&mudkaqmifívSrf;oGm;avmh}
[krdefYawmfrl\/ vlemu ]ocifbk&m;? udk,fawmfonftuREfkyf
tm;usef;rmjcif;iSmtvdkawmf&SdvQif tuREfkyfonfukd,fawmf\
pum;udkem;axmifygrnf} [kajymqdkaumif;ajymqdkvdrfhrnf/
odkY&mwGif bmrQrajymacs/ olonfocifc&pfawmf\pum;awmfudk
,HkMunf\/olonfusef;rmjcif;odkYa&mufjyD[k,HkMunfí csufcsif;
x&efMudK;pm;\/ vSrf;oGm;&efqE´&Sdvmí olonfvSrf;oGm;\/
olonf ocifc&pfawmf\pum;twdkif;jyKrlí bk&m;ocifonf
oltm;wefcdk;udkay;awmfrl\/ olonfusef;rmoGm;avjyD/

okccsrf;omvrf;nTef
66

xdkenf;wloifonf tjypf&Sdaomolwpfa,mufjzpf\/ oif

\vGefcJhaomtjypfrsm;twGuf tjypfajzjcif;trIudkoifhudk,fwdkif
rjyKvkyfEdkif/ oif\pdwfESvHk;udkrajymif;vJEdkif/ oifhudk,fudkoefY&Sif;
atmifrjyKvkyfEdkif/odkY&mwGif bk&m;ocifu ocifc&pfawmftm;
jzifh oifhtwGuf þtrIt&mtaygif;wkdYudkjyKvkyfay;awmfrlrnf
[kuwdxm;awmfrl\/ oifonf xdkuwdawmfudk,kHMunf\/ oifonf
oif\tjypfrsm;udkaz:jyawmif;yefí oifhudk,fudkbk&m;ociftm;
tyfESH\/ oifonfbk&m;ocifudkudk;uG,f&ef pdwfqE´&Sdvm\/
oifonf þuJhodkY{ueftrSefudkjyKonfenf;wl bk&m;ocifonf
oifhtm;ay;aomuwdawmfudkjynfhpHkapawmfrlrnf/ oifonf
uwdawmfukd,HkvQif? oifonftjypfvTwfjcif;cH&í tjypfrSaq;
aMumjcif;cH&jyD[k,HkvQif bk&m;ocifonf oif\,HkMunfcsuf
twdkif; {ueftrSefjyKawmfrl\/ vufajcaoaomolonf rdrd
usef;rmvmjyD[k ,HkMunfaomtcg ocifa,&Iu xdkoltm;
vSrf;oGm;Edkifaomwefcdk;udkay;awmfrlonfenf;wl oifonfvnf;
oefU&Sif;jcif;odkYa&mufavjyD/ oifonf ,HkMunfvQif xdkodkYtrSef
jzpf\/
oifonf oefU&Sif;jcif;odkYa&mufjyD[kod&Sdvmonfwdkifatmif
apmifhqdkif;raeygESifh/ uREfkyfonfoefY&Sif;jcif;odkYa&mufjyD[k,HkMunf
ygonf/ xdkodkYjzpfonf[kod&aomaMumifhr[kwfbJ bk&m;ocif
onfuwdxm;awmfrlcJhjyDjzpfaomaMumifh xdkodkY,HkMunfygonf[k
ajymqdkavmh/

,HkMunfjcif;ESifhvufcHawmfrljcif;
67

]oifwdkYonf qkaus;Zl;udk&rnf[k ,HkMunfaompdwfESifh

qkawmif;orQudk&Muvdrfhrnf} [k ocifa,&IurdefYawmfrl\/
(rmuk 11;24)/ þuwdawmfudkjynfhpHkap&ef vdkufemtyfaom
pnf;urf;csufwpfck&Sdayonf/ uREkfyfwdkYonf bk&m;ocif\tvdk
awmfESifhtnDqkawmif;&Murnf/odkYaomf bk&m;ocif\tvdkawmf
um; uRefkfyfwdkYtm;tjypfrSaq;aMum&ef uREkfyfwdkYtm;bk&m;ocif\
om;orD;rsm;jzpfvmap&efESifh uREfkyfwdkYtm;oefY&Sif;aomtoufwm
ütouf&SifEdkifap&efjzpfownf;/ xdkaMumifh uREkfyfwdkYonf
þaumif;csD;r*Fvmrsm;udkawmif;avQmufEdkifMuí ¤if;wdkYudk&&Sd
Muonf[k,HkMunfvsuf uRekfyfwdkYonf ¤if;wdkYudk&&SdMujyDjzpfaom
aMumifh bk&m;ociftm;aus;Zl;wifMuonf/ ocifa,&IxHawmf
odkYoGm;í aq;aMumpifMu,fjcif;odkUa&mufvsuf &SufaMumufp&m
(odkYr[kwf) aemifww&m;rvdkawmhbJ ynwfw&m;a&SUü&yfwnfae
Edkif&ef uREfkyfwdkYütcGifhta&;&SdavjyD/ ]a,&Ic&pfüwnfí Zmwd
yuwdtwdkif;rusifh? 0dnmOfyuwdtwdkif;usifhaomolwdkYonf
tjypfpD&ifjcif;ESifhvGwfMu\/} (a&mr 8;1)/
xdktcgrSpí oifhudk,fudkoifrydkif/ oifhtm;tzdk;ESifh0,f,l
awmfrljyD/ ]a&G?aiGtp&SdaomazgufjyefysufpD;wwfaomOpömESifh
oifwdkYudka&G;awmfrlonfr[kwf/ tb,ftjypfrQr&Sd? Tnpf
taMu;ESifhuif;pifaomodk;oi,fuJhodkYaom c&pfawmf\taoG;
awmfjrwfESifha&G;awmfrlonf/} (1ayw&k 1;18?19/) bk&m;ocifudk
,HkMunfjcif;wnf;[laom þvG,fulaomtrItm;jzifh oefU&Sif;
aom0dnmOfawmfonf oif\pdwfESvHk;xJü topfaomtoufwmudk

okccsrf;omvrf;nTef
68

jzpfyGm;apawmfrljyD/ oifonfbk&m;ocif\tdrfaxmifüarG;zGm;
aomom;orD;uJhodkUjzpfvmí bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\om;awmfudk
cspfouJhodkU oifhudkcspfawmfrl\/
,ckoifonfocifa,&Itm; oifhudk,fudktyfay;jyD; aemuf
rqkwfygESifh? oifhudk,fudkudkawmfxHrSjyefr,lygESifh/ aeYpOf&uf
quf ]igonfocifc&pfawmf\vljzpfvmjyD? ighudk,fudk
udk,fawmftm; igay;tyfcJhjyD} [kajymqdkaeavmh/ ¤if;jyif udk,f
awmf\0dnmOfawmfudkoifhtm;ay;í udk,fawmf\aus;Zl;awmftm;
jzifh oifhudkapmifhxdef;&ef udk,fawmftm;awmif;avQmufavmh/
bk&m;ociftm;tyffay;í bk&m;ocifudk,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh
oifonf bk&m;ocif\om;orD;jzpfvmonfhtavsmuf oifonf
bk&m;ocifütouf&Sif&rnf/ ]xdkaMumifhoifwdkYonf ocifa,&I
c&pfudkcH,ljyD;onfjzpfíUUUUUxdkocifüusifvnfMuavmh/}
(aumavmoJ 2;6) [kwrefawmfuajymqdk\/
tcsdKUaomolwdkYu rdrdwdkYonf pHkprf;ppfaq;aeonfhtcsdef
wGif&Sdaeao;í rdrdwdkYonf udk,fawmf\aumif;csD;r*Fvmrsm;udk
rawmif;qdkrD rdrdwdkYudk,fwdkifüajymif;vJjyKjyifjcif;&SdaMumif; xm0&
bk&m;tm;oufaojy&Murnf[kxifrSwfMu\/ odkUaomf vlwdkY
onf,ckyifbk&m;ocif\aumif;csD;r*Fvmudkawmif;qdkEdkifonf/
olwdkYtm;enf;jcif;tjzpfudkulnDrp&ef olwdkYübk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;
awmfwnf;[laom ocifc&pfawmf\0dnmOfawmfudk&&SdoifhMuonf/
odkYr[kwfvQif olwdkYonf raumif;aomtrIt&mwdkYudkrwm;qD;
EdkifMu/ uREfkyfwdkYonf tjypf&Sdícdkudk;&mrJhvsuf wpfpHkwpfOD;udk

,HkMunfjcif;ESifhvufcHawmfrljcif;
69

rSDcdkvdkaeonfhtcgrSmyif uREfkyfwdkYtm; rdrdxHawmfodkYcsOf;uyf&ef

ocifa,&Ionf tvdk&Sdawmfrl\/ uREfkyfwdkYonf tm;enf;aom
tjzpf? rdkufrJaomtjzpf? tjypf&Sdaeaomtjzpftaygif;wdkUESifhyif
udk,fawmfxHodkYcsOf;uyfí aemifw&jcif;ESifh udk,fawmf\ajcawmf
&if;ü ysyf0yfudk;uG,f&Murnf/ udk,fawmfonfuREfkyfwdkYtm;
rdrd\arwåmvufawmfESifhydkufayGYjcif;? uREfkyfwdkY\temrsm;udk
ywfpnf;ay;jcif;ESifh uREkfyfwdkYtm;tjypftaygif;rSaq;aMumay;jcif;
trIwdkYum; udk,fawmf\bkef;awmfjzpfayonf/
þae&müaxmifaygif;rsm;pGmaomolwdkYonf ratmifjrifMu
acs/ ocifa,&Ionf vltoD;toD;wdkYtm; udk,fwdkiftjypfvTwf
awmfrlonfudk olwdkYonfr,HkMunfMuacs? olwdkYonf bk&m;ocif
\pum;awmfudkr,HkMunfrtm;udk;Muacs/ tjypf&SdorQtwGuf
tjypfvTwfjcif;tcGifhudk&ufa&mpGmay;oem;awmfrlonfudk pnf;urf;
csufrsm;twdkif;vdkufemMuaomol&SdorQwdkYudk udk,fwdkifod&Sdem;vnf
cGifh&&SdMuayonf/ bk&m;ocif\uwdawmfrsm;onf ]oifhtzkdY
r[kwf} [laom,HkrSm;oHo,&SdorQwdkUudkz,f&Sm;avmh/ ¤if;wdkYum;
aemifw&aomtjypfusL;vGefolwdkif;tzdkYjzpfMuonf/ ocifc&pf
awmftm;jzifhcsay;awmfrlaom cGeftm;ESifhaus;Zl;awmfwdkYudk,HkMunf
aomolwdkif;wdkYxHodkYapmifha&SmufjyKpkaomaumif;uifwrefrsm;u
,laqmifvmMujyD/ olwdkYtwGuftaocHawmfrlaomocifa,&Iü
cGeftm;? oefU&Sif;jzLpifjcif;ESifhajzmifhrwfjcif;wdkYudkrawGU&SdEdkifavmuf
atmif rnfolrQtjypfMuD;us,fvSonfr[kwf/ tjypfESifhnpfnL;
pGef;xif;aeaom0wf&Hkrsm;udkcRwfy,fí ajzmifhrwfjcif;wnf;[laom

okccsrf;vrf;nTef 70

0wf&HkjzLudkjcHKay;&ef udk,fawmfonfapmifhqdkif;aeawmfrl\/
udk,fawmfu olwdkYudkraoapbJ touf&SifapzdkYrdefUrSmawmfrl\/
tuefYtowf&Sdaomvlonf tcsif;csif;wdkYudkjyKrlouJhodkY
bk&m;ocifonf uREfkyfwdkYudkjyKawmfrrlyg/ udk,fawmf\tMuH
tpnfrsm;um; u&kPm? arwåmESifhtEl;tnHhqHk;Muifemoem;jcif;
wdkYESifhjynfhpHk\/ udk,fawmfu? ]qdk;aomolonf rdrd\vrf;udk
vnf;aumif;? rw&m;aomolonf rdrdtMuHwdkYudkvnf;aumif;
pGefUypfí xm0&bk&m;xHawmfodkYajymif;vJygap/ odkYjyKvQif oem;
awmfrlvdrfhrnf/ igwdkYbk&m;ocifxHawmfodkYajymif;vJygap/
odkYjyKvQif txl;ojzifhtjypfudkvTwfawmfrlvdrfhrnf/} (a[&Sm,
55;7/) ]oif\tjypfwdkYudkwdrfwdkufuJhodkYvnf;aumif;? oif\
tjypfwdkYukdwdrfvTmuJhokdYvnf;aumif; igacsjyD/} (a[&Sm,
44;22/) [krdefUawmfrl\/
]taocH&aomol\taocHjcif;trIü igonfaysmfarGUjcif;
r&Sd/ xdkaMumifh ajymif;vJítouf&SifMuavmh[k t&Sifxm0&
bk&m;rdefYawmfrl\/} (a,Zausv 18;32/) pmwefonf bk&m;
ocif\r*Fvmuwdawmfrsm;udkcdk;,loGm;&ef toifh&Sdae\/ olonf
vlwdkYtxJrSarQmfvifhjcif;t&dyfta&mifESifh tvif;a&mifwdkif;udk
z,f&Sm;&eftvdk&Sd\/ aoG;aqmif;ol\pum;udkem;raxmifbJ?
]igonftouf&SifrnftaMumif; ocifa,&Ionf taocHawmf
rljyD/ udk,fawmfonf ighudkcspfí ightm;ysufpD;apzdkY&ef tvdkawmf
r&Sdyg/ igüoem;Muifemwwfaom aumif;uifcrnf;awmf&Sd\/
igonf udk,fawmf\arwåmawmfudk&Iwfcsí ightm;ay;awmfrlaom

,HkMunfjcif;ESifhvufcHawmrljcif;
71

aumif;csD;r*Fvmrsm;udkjzKef;wD;cJhaomfvnf;? igonfxí ighcrnf;

awmfxHodkYoGm;jyD; tuREfkyfonf bk&m;ocifudkvnf;aumif;?
udk,fawmfudkvnf;aumif; jypfrSm;ygjyD/ ,ckrSpí udk,fawmf\
om;[kac:jcif;udkrcHxdkufyg/ oliSm;t&mü tuREfkyfudkxm;awmf
rlyg[kigajymrnf} [kí jyefajymav\/ tdrfrSxGufcGmoGm;aeaom
oltm; rnfuJhodkYvufcHjyKpkaMumif;udk Oyrmuoifhtm;az:jyvdrfh
rnf/ ]oGm;ía0;aomtcg tbonf olUudkjrifvQif oem;aom
pdwf&SdonfESifhajy;oGm;í om;\vnfyif;udkydkufzufvsuf erf;&Iyf
av\/} (vkum 15;18-20)/
odkU&mwGifEl;nHhodrfarGUí pdwfxdcdkufzG,fjzpfaom þOyrmyif
aumif;uiftzcrnf;awmf\arwåmawmfudk jynfhpHkatmif
raz:jyEdkifacs/ ]tu,fpifppf xm0&arwåmESifhoifhudkigcspf\/
xdkaMumifhu&kPmaus;Zl;udkoifüMumjrifhpGmjy\} [kxm0&bk&m;
u rdrd\yka&mzuftm;az:jyawmfrl\/ (a,&rd 31;3/) tjypf&Sd
aomolonf r,HkMunfolwdkY\EdkifiHü rdrd\Opömrsm;udkjzKef;wD;
vsuf crnf;awmf\tdrfrSa0;uGmvsuf&Sdaeaomtcgüyif crnf;
awmfonf olUtm;awmifhwarQmfvifhvsufaeawmfrl\/ bk&m;ocif
xHjyefvm&ef vl\pdwf0dnmOfEdk;Mum;x<uvmaomawmifhwpdwf
um; bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmfu avvGifhaeoltm; rdrdcrnf;awmf
\arwåmawmfudk qGJiifaoG;aqmifvsuf MuifempGmawmif;yefaejcif;
rQomvQifjzpfayonf/
oifha&SUü or®musrf;pmawmffjrwf\ uwdawmfrsm;&Sdvsufyif
oifonf ,HkMunfjcif;&SdEdkifOD;rnfavm/ oem;p&maumif;aom

okccsrf;vrf;nTef 72

tjypfom;onf rdrd\tjypfrsm;udkpGefYvsufjyefvm&ef awmifhwae

aomtcg xm0&bk&m;onf olYtm;rdrd\ajcawmf&if;odkYaemifw
&jcif;ESifhjyefrvmap&ef wif;rmpGmwm;qD;uefYuGufawmfrlonf
[koifxifrSwfEdkifoavm/ þuJhodkYxifjrifcsufwdkYudkz,f&Sm;yg/
uREkfyfwdkY\aumif;uifcrnf;awmftaMumif; xdkodkYxifrSwfjcif;xuf
b,ftcgrQ oif\pdwf0dnmOfudkomíxdcdkufemMunf;jcif;udkrjzpf
apEdkif/ udk,fawmfonftjypfudkrkef;aomfvnf; tjypfom;ukd
cspfawmfrlojzifh tvdk&Sdaomoltaygif;wdkYonf u,fwifjcif;cH
&í bkef;awmfEdkifiHwGif xm0&bk&m;aumif;csD;r*FvmudkcHpm;EdkifMurnf
taMumif; ocifc&pfawmfudk,fawmfwdkiftm;jzifh bk&m;ocifonf
rdrdudk,fukdpGefYawmfrl\/ uREkfyfwdkYty:üxm;awmfrlaom rdrd\
arwåmawmftaMumif;udkaz:jy&ef bk&m;ocifudk,fawmfwdkifa&G;
cs,faz:jyaompum;rsm;xuf rnfonfhpum;rsm;onf omí
av;euf? omíEl;nHhodrfarGUEdkifOD;rnfenf;/ ]rdef;ronf rdrdzGm;aom
om;udkroem;onfwdkifatmif rdrdEdkYpdkYoli,fudk arhavsmhEdkifoavm/
tu,fíarhavsmhaomfvnf; oifhudkigrarhavsmh} [kbk&m;ocifu
az:jyawmfrl\? (a[&S, 49;15)/
ocifa,&Ionf uREkfyfwdkYtwGuf tjypfajzjcif;trIudkjyK&ef
touf&Sifvsuf&SdawmfrlaomaMumifh ,HkrSm;aMumuf&GHUwkefvIyfvsuf
&Sdaomtoifonf arQmfMunfhavmh/ rdrd\cspfaomom;awmfudk
ay;awmfrlonfhtwGuf bk&m;ocifudkaus;Zl;wifavmh/ ¤if;jyif
udk,fawmfonfoifhtwGuftaocHawmfrljcif;trIonf tcsnf;ESD;
rjzpfap&efqkawmif;yg/ 0dnmOfawmfuoifhtm; ,aeYzdwfac:vsuf

,HkMunfjcif;ESifhvufcHawmfrljcif;
73

aeawmfrl\/ ocifa,&IxHawmfodkYpdwfESvHk;t<uif;rJhvmavmh/
¤if;jyif udk,fawmf\aumif;csD;r*Fvmrsm;udk awmif;avQmufEdkif
vdrfhrnf/
oifonfuwdawmfrsm;udkzwfaepOftcg ¤if;wdkYum;EIwf
jzifhraz:jyEdkifaomarwåmawmfESifhu&kPmawmftaMumif;udk az:jy
csufrsm;jzpfaMumif;udkowdjyKyg/ arwåmESifhjynfhpHkawmfrlaom
t&Sif\MuD;jrwfaompdwfESvHk;onf tuefYtowfr&Sdaomu&kPm
awmftm;jzifh tjypfom;\pdwfudkqGJiifvsuf&Sd\/ ]xdkom;awmf\
taoG;tm;jzifh tjypfvTwfawmfrljcif;wnf;[laoma&G;Ekwfawmfrl
jcif;aus;Zl;udk igwdkYonfcH&Mu\/} ({zuf 1;7)/ rSefayonf/
bk&m;ocifonf oifhtm;ulnDrpawmfrlaomoljzpfawmfrlonf[k
om,HkMunfyg/ vl\txJütusifhESifhqdkifaomrdrd\yHkoP²mefawmf
udkjyefíjyKjyifay;&ef bk&m;ocifonftvdk&Sdawmfrl\/ oifonf
tjypfudk0efcsawmif;yefvsuf aemifw&aompdwfESifhbk&m;ocifxH
awmfodkUcsOf;uyfaomtcg bk&m;ocifonf oifhtem;odkYu&kPmESifh
vnf;aumif;? tjypfvTwfjcif;tcGifhESifhvnf;aumif; csOf;uyfawmf
rlrnf/

---000---
 wynfhawmftjzpfudkppfaq;jcif; 74

]vlrnfonfum;c&pfawmfü&SdvQif topfjyKjyifaomowå0g
jzpf\/ a[mif;aomt&mwdkYonfajymif;vJí cyfodrf;aomt&m
wdkYonf topfjzpfMujyD\} (2aum&defok 5;17)/
vlwpfpHkwpfa,mufonf rdrdpdwfESvHk;ajymif;vJvmjcif;udpö
ESifhywfoufaomtjzpftysuftaygif;wdkY\tcdsefumv? ae&m
a'oESifhtaMumif;&if;&SdorQudk aocsm*epGmraz:jyEdkifacs/
odkYaomf þodkYrjyKvkyfEdkifaomaMumifh olonfajymif;vJjcif;r&Sd[k
rpGyfpGJEdkifacs/ ocifc&pfawmfu edaum'iftm; ]avonftvdk&Sd
onftwdkif;oGm;av\/ av\toHudkoifonf Mum;&aomfvnf;
tb,ft&yfujzpfonf? tb,ft&yfodkYoGm;onfudkrodEdkif/
xdkenf;wl 0dnmOfawmfarG;aomoljzpfonf} [krdefYawmfrl\/
(a,m[ef 3;8)/ avonfrjrif&aomfvnf; av\vIyf&Sm;jcif;
aMumifh jzpfay:vmaomtrIt&mwdkYudkawGUjrifod&Sd&ouJhodkY bk&m;
ocif\0dnmOfawmfonf vlwdkY\pdwfESvHk;udkjyKjyifaeawmfrljcif;
trIudkod&SdEdkifayonf/ vl\rsufpdjzifhrjrifEdkifaom xdkjyKjyifajymif;
vJjcif;wefcdk;onf vl\pdwfxJütopfomoabm? topfaom
toufwmudkjzpfay:vmap\/ ¤if;onfbk&m;ocif\yHkoP²mefESifh
tnD topfaomowå0gudkjyKjyifzefqif;ay;\/
0dnmOfawmf\tvkyfonf qdwfjidrfírjrifEdkif&aomfvnf;
¤if;\tusdK;aus;Zl;rsm;um; odomxif&Sm;ayonf/ bk&m;ocif
\0dnmOfawmftm;jzifh pdwfESvHk;onf topfjyKjyifjcif;cH&aomf

wynfhawmftjzpfudkppfaq;jcif; 75

toufwmonf xdktaMumif;udkoufaoxif&Sm;apvdrfhrnf/ uREfkyf

wdkYonf rdrdwdkY\pdwfESvHk;udkajymif;vJapjcif;iSm bmrQrwwfEdkif/
bk&m;ocif\tvdkawmfESifhnDnGwfap&ef uREkfyfwdkY\udk,fudkrjyK
jyifEdkif/ odkYaomfvnf; bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;awmfonf uREfkyfwdkY
txJüudef;atmif;vsuf&Sdr&Sdudk uREfkyfwdkY\toufwmu xif&Sm;
apvdrfhrnf/ tusifh"avh? tjyKtrl? tvkyftudkifwdkYüajymif;vJ
rIudkawGUjrif&vdrfhrnf/ jcm;em;csufudkxif&Sm;pGmodjrif&vsuf
txufurnfuJhodkYjzpfysufcJhí ,ckrnfuJhodkYjzpfaeonfhtcsufwdkY
tm;jzifh qHk;jzwfppfaq;MunfhEdkifonf/ rMucPjzpfay:vmonfh
aumif;rIrsm;ESifhqdk;aomtrIrsm;tm;jzifhr[kwfbJ ajymqdkavh&Sdaom
pum;rsm;ESifhjyKusifhavh&Sdaomtvkyftm;jzifh tusifhudkxif&Sm;ap\/

ocifc&pfawmf\topfjyKjyifjcif;wefcdk;r&SdbJ tjypfvu©
Pmtm;jzifh tusifh"avhwdkYudkjyKjyifjcif;&Sdaumif;&SdrnfrSm trSef
jzpfayonf/ MoZmtmPmvTrf;rdk;rIudkESpfoufaomoabmESifh
olwpfyg;wdkY\cspfMunfav;pm;jcif;udkcHvdkaomoabmwdkYaMumifh
aooyfwifhw,faomtoufwmrsdK;udk jzpfay:apwwfayonf/
rdrdudk,fudk&dkaoav;pm;aomoabmonf uRefkyfwdkYtm; tjypf
udkay:rvmap&ef zHk;uG,fxm;aumif;xm;vdrfhrnf/ udk,fusdK;&Sm
wwfaompdwfoabmrsdK;onf MuifemwwfaomtjyKtrludk
jyKwwfayrnf/ xdkodkYjzpfvQif uREfkyfwdkYonf rnfolYbufü
&SdaeMuaMumif; rnfuJhodkYqHk;jzwf&Murnfenf;/
 okccsrf;omvrf;nTef 76

rnfolonf pdwfESvHk;udkydkifqdkifoenf;/ uREkfyfwdkY\tMuH

tpnfrsm;onf rnfol\taMumif;rsm;jzpfMuoenf;/ uREkfyfwkdY
onf rnfol\taMumif;udk tcsif;csif;aqG;aEG;ajymqdk&efESpfouf
Muoenf;/ uREkfyfwdkYonf rnfolYudktxl;ojzifhcspfcifav;pm;í
uREkfyfwdkY\tamif;qHk;pGr;ftm;owdårsm;udk rnfolonfydkifqdkif
vdrfhrnfenf;/ uREkfyfwdkYonf ocifc&pfawmf\vlrsm;jzpfMuvQif
uREkfyfwdkYonf udk,fawmfESifhtwlqifjcifawG;qí udk,fawmf\
taMumif;udkqifjcif&efESpfoufMuvdrfhrnf/ uREkfyfwdkYü&SdorQwdkY
udk udk,fawmftm;qufuyfylaZmfMuvdrfhrnf/ uREkfyfwdkYonf
udk,fawmf\yHkoP²mefudkaqmif&ef? udk,fawmfonf 0dnmOfawmf
udkcH,l&ef? udk,fawmf\tvdkawmfudkvdkufem&efESifh t&mcyfodrf;
wdkYü udk,fawmftm;ESpfoufawmfrlap&ef awmifhwvdkvm;Mu
vdrfhrnf/
ocifa,&Ic&pfü topfaomowå0gjzpfvmaomolwdkYonf
]cspfjcif;? 0rf;ajrmufjcif;? jidrfoufjcif;? pdwf&Snfjcif;? aus;Zl;
jyKjcif;? aumif;jrwfjcif;? opömapmifhodjcif;? El;nHhodrfarGUjcif;?
taysmftyg;csKyfwnf;jcif;[laom 0dnmOfyuwd\tudsK;aus;Zl;rsm;}
udkjzpfxGef;apvdrfhrnf? (*vmwd 5;22?23/) olwdkYonf txufu
wyfrufjcif;rsm;twdkif;rusifhMubJ bk&m;ocifom;awmfü ,HkMunf
jcif;tm;jzifh udk,fawmf\ajcawmf&modkYvdkufavQmufvsuf
udk,fawmf\oabmawmfudk rdrdwdkYtoufwmüjyefíxif&Sm;apjyD;
vQif udk,fawmfoefU&Sif;awmfrlonfenf;wl rdrdwdkYudk,fudkoefU&Sif;
apMuvdrfhrnf/ wpfcgu olwdkYrkef;cJhaomt&mwdkYudk ,ckolwdkYonf
 wynfhawmftjzpfudkppfaq;jcif; 77

cspfcifESpfoufMuvdrfhrnf/ ¤if;jyifwpfcgu olwdkYESpfoufcJhaom

t&mwdkYudk ,ckolwdkYonf&GH&Smrkef;wD;Muvdrfhrnf/ rmeMuD;í
udk,fhudk,fudktxifMuD;aomolonf pdwfESvHk;ESdrfhcsaomoljzpfvm
\/ 0g<um;ípdwfMuD;0ifaomolonf wnfMunfrSefuefíaz:a&GpGm
ajymqdkwwfaomoljzpf\/ t&uform;onf £ajE´&Sdaomol?
qdk;oGrf;aomolonf oefU&Sif;aomoljzpfvm\/ avmu\<um;
0gwwfaomtusifh"avhtjyKtrltaetxdkifwdkYonf aysmufuG,f
oGm;av\/ c&pf,mefwdkYonf ]tjyifwefqmqifjcif;} udkr&SmbJ?
]El;nHhjidrfoufaomoabmwnf;[laom razgufjyefrysufpD;wwf
aomwefqmqifjcif;&SdaompdwfESvHk;\twGif;vljzpfapMuvdrfhrnf/}
(1ayw&k 3;3?4)/
jyKjyifajymif;vJjcif;trIr&SdvQif trSefaemifw&jcif;\
vu©Pmoufaor&Sd/ olonfuwdcH0efcsufudkjyefítwnfjzpfap
vsuf rdrdvk,laomt&mudkjyefay;? rdrdtjypfrsm;udkaz:jy0efcs?
bk&m;ocifESifhvltcsif;csif;udk cspfcifESpfoufvQif tjypfom;onf
aojcif;rStouf&Sifjcif;odkYul;ajrmufaMumif; taotcsmod&Sd&
vdrfhrnf/
uREfkyfwdkYonfrSm;,Gif;aevsuf tjypf&SdaomoltjzpfESifh
ocifc&pfawmfxHodkYvma&mufí udk,fawmf\tjypfvTwfjci;f
aus;Zl;awmfudkcHpm;&Muaomtcg arwåmonf pdwfESvHk;xJüay:
vm\/ 0efxkyf&SdorQonf ayghyg;oGm;\/ taMumif;um; ocif
c&pfawmfwifawmfrlaomxrf;ydk;onfxrf;vG,f\/ 0wå&m;onf
0rf;ajrmufzG,fjzpfí pGefYpm;temcHjcif;trIonf ESpfoufzG,fjzpf
 okccsrf;omvrf;nTef 78

vm\/ txufuarSmifrdkufjzifhzHk;vTrf;aeonf[kxif&aomvrf;
c&D;onf ajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;aerif;\tvif;a&mifESifhawmufy
vm\/
ocifc&pfawmf\oabmawmfwGif xif&Sm;aomESpfoufzG,f
vu©Pmrsm;udk udk,fawmf\wynfhawmfrsm;üvnf; awGUjrif&vdrfh
rnf/ udk,fawmfonfbk&m;ocif\tvdkawmfudkaqmif&mü
tm;&0rf;ajrmufawmfrl\/ uREkfyfwdkYu,fwif&Sif\toufwmwGif
pdk;rdk;vsuf&Sdaomowdåum; bk&m;ocifudkcspfjcif;? bk&m;ocif\
bkef;awmfudkaz:jy&ef pdwftm;MuD;jcif;jzpfownf;/arwåmawmf
onf ukd,fawmf\tjyKtrl&SdorQwdkYudkwifhw,fjrifhjrwfap\/
arwåmonf bk&m;ocifESifhoufqdkif\/ qufuyfylaZmfjcif;r&Sdaom
pdwfESvHk;wGif ¤if;arwåmonfaprjyKEdkif/ rjzpfay:vmEdkif/ ocif
a,&Ipdk;rdk;udef;atmif;awmfrl&mt&yfüom ¤if;udkawGU&\/ ]bk&m;
ocifonf igwdkYudka&S;OD;pGmcspfawmfrlaomaMumifh igwdkYonf
bk&m;ocifudkcspfMu\/} (1a,m 4;19/) aus;Zl;awmftm;jzifh
jyefítopfjyKjyifjcif;cH&aompdwfESvHk;wGif cspfjcif;arwåmonf
tjyKtrl\tajccHw&m;jzpf\/ ¤if;onf tusifhudkjyKjyif
ajymif;vJay;\/ pdwfaZmudktkyfcsKyf\/ xufjrufaompdwfudk
pdk;rdk;\/ cdkuf&efa'goudkESdrfí pHkrufwwfaomoabmudkcsD;jrSifh
\/ vl\txJüwdk;yGm;vsuf&Sdaom þcspfjcif;arwåmonf touf
wmudkESpfoufzG,fjzpfapí tem;ywf0ef;usifwGif&SdorQwdkYtay:
ü oefU&Sif;jzLpifaomMoZmtmPmudkvTrf;rdk;aponf/
 wynfhawmftjzpfudkppfaq;jcif; 79

bk&m;ocif\om;ord;rsm;? txl;ojzifhudk,fawmf\aus;Zl;
awmfudkcdkvIH&ef rMumrDucsOf;uyfMuaomolwdkY txl;a&SmifMuOf
&ef oifhaomtrSm;ESpfck&Sd\/ yxrtcsufrSm? ajymqdkaz:jycJhjyD;
onftwdkif; bk&m;ocif\tvdkawmfESifhnDnGwfatmif jyKvkyfEdkif
rnf[kxifrSwfvsuf rdrdwdkY\tusifhudktm;udk;aejcif;wnf;/ ynwf
w&m;udkapmifha&Smuf&mü rdrd\tusifhtm;jzifh oefU&Sif;vmap&ef
MudK;p;aeaomolonf rjzpfEdkifaomtrIudkMuHpnfae\/ ocif
c&pfawmfrygbJ vljyKvkyforQaomtrItaygif;wdkYonf udk,fusdK;
&Smjcif;ESifhtjypfwdkYjzifh npfnL;vsuf&Sd\/ ocifc&pfawmf\
aus;Zl;awmfomvQif ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh uREkfyfwdkYudkoefU&Sif;ap
Edkif\/
qefUusifbufjzpfí ab;ruif;vSaomtrSm;um; ]ocif
c&pfawmfudk,HkMunfjcif;onf vlwdkYtm;bk&m;ocif\ynwfw&m;
awmfudkapmifha&Smufjcif;wm0efrSuif;vGwfapjyD} [laomtcsuf
wnf;/ ¤if;jyif,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifhom uREkfyfwdkYonf ocifc&pf
awmf\aus;Zl;awmfudkcHp;xdkufaomolrsm;jzpfvmMuaomaMumifh
uRekfyfwdkY\tusifhonf uREfkyfwdkYtm;a&G;Ekwfjcif;trIESifhtenf;
i,frQroufqdkif[laomtcsufjzpfonf/
odkU&mwGif em;axmifjcif;trIonf tjyifyef;vu©Pmtm;
jzifhvdkufemjcif;r[kwfbJ arwåmtm;jzifhxif&Sm;aomtvkyfjzpf
onfudkowdjyKyg/ bk&m;ocif\ynwfw&m;onf bk&m;ocif\
oabmawmfudkyifxif&Sm;apaomt&mjzpfonf/ arwåm\tajccH
w&m;MuD;udk pkaygif;xnfhoGif;xm;aomw&m;jzpfonf/ xdkaMumifh
 okccsrf;omvrf;nTef 80

¤if;w&m;onf aumif;uifESifhajrMuD;wGif bk&m;ocif\tkyfpdk;jcif;

tmPmpuf\tajctjrpfjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwdkY\pdwfESvHk;onf
bk&m;ocif\oabmawmfESifhnDnGwfpGmjyKjyifjcif;cH&vQif? arwåm
awmfonf pdwf0dnmOfxJüpGJjrJwnf&Sdvmaomtcg vlonf
rdrdtm;zefqif;awmfrlaomt&Sif\yHkoP²mefESifhwlnDvmatmif
topfjyKjyifjcif;cH&aomtcg ]igxm0&bk&m;onf ighynwfwdkYudk
olwdkY\ESvHk;xJrSmay;oGif;rnf/ olwdkY\pdwf0dnmOftay:rSm
a&;xm;rnf/} (a[jAJ 10;16/) [laomy#dnmOfopfESifhqdkifaom
uwdawmfonf jynfhpHkjcif;odkYa&mufvdrfhrnf/ ¤if;jyif ynwfw&m;
onf pdwfESvHk;xJüwnfjrJaevQif ¤if;onftoufwmudkjyKjyif
ay;vdrfhrnfr[kwfavm/ arwåmtvkyfwm0efwnf;[laom
em;axmifjcif;onf wynfhawmfjzpfjcif;\vu©Pmtppfjzpfonf/
xdkaMumifh usrf;pmuþuJhodkYaz:jyxm;\/ ]ynwfawmfwdkYudk
apmifhjcif;t&monf bk&m;ocifudkcspf&ma&muf\/} ]ocifudk
igod\[kynwfawmfudkrapmifhbJaevsufqdkaomolonf rkom;
oHk;aomoljzpfí xdkolüopömr&Sd/} (1a,m[ef 5;3/ 2;4)/ vltm;
em;axmifjcif;trIrSuif;vGwfaprnfhtpm; uREfkyfwdkYtm; ocif
c&pfawmf\aus;Zl;awmfudkcHpm;cGifh&&Sdapaom ,HkMunfjcif;omvQif
uREkfyfwdkYtm;em;axmifjcif;trIudkjyKvkyfapEdkif\/
uREkfyfwdkYonf em;axmifjcif;trItm;jzifh u,fwifjcif;udk
cH,l&&SdMuonfr[kwf/ taMumif;um;? u,fwifjcif;onf
 wynfhawmftjzpfudkppfaq;jcif; 81

bk&m;ocifutcrJhay;oem;awmfrlaomqkaus;Zl;jzpfí ,HkMunf
jcif;tm;jzifhcH,l&rnf/ odkU&mwGif em;axmifjcif;onf ,HkMunf
jcif;\tusdK;aus;Zl;jzpf\/ ]udk,fawmfonf igwdkY\tjypfrsm;udk
aqmifoGm;jcif;iSmxif&Sm;ay:xGef;awmfrlonfudk oifwdkYodMu\/
udk,fawmfüvnf;tjypfr&Sd/ udk,fawmfüwnfaeaomolrnfonf
um; tjypfrjyKwwf/ tjypfudkjyKwwfaomolrnfonfum;
udk,fawmfudkrodrjrif&ao;/} (1a,m[ef 3;5?6/) þae&mü
rSefuefaomppfaq;jcif;jzpf\/ uREfkyfwdkYonf ocifc&pfawmfü
wnfaevQif? bk&m;ocif\arwåmawmfonf uREkfyfwdkYtxJü
wnf&SdaevQif uREffkyfwdkY\pdwfoabm? uREfkyfwdkY\tMuHtpnf
wdkYonf bk&m;ocif\oefU&Sif;aomynwfw&m;awmfwGifaz:jy
xm;onftwdkif; bk&m;ocif\tvdkawmfESifhnDnGwfMuvdrfhrnf/
]cspfom;wdkY? oifwdkYudktb,folrQrvSnfhpm;apESifh/ tMuifolonf
ajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;udkusifh\/ udk,fawmfajzmifhrwfawmfrlonf
enf;wl xdkolonfajzmifhrwfjcif;&Sd\/} (1a,m[ef 3;7/)
odemawmifay:wGifay;aomynwfawmfq,fyg;üaz:jyxm;onf
twdkif; ajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;udk bk&m;ocif\oefU&Sif;aomw&m;
awmfwnf;[laompHerlemw&m;MuD;wGif t"dyÜg,faz:jyxm;
ayonf/
bk&m;ocif\ynwfawmfukdvdkufemzdkU&ef wm0efrSvlwdkYtm;
uif;vGwfapjyD[kajymqdkvsuf ocifc&pfwmfudk,HkMunfonf[l
aomtcsufonf rSefuefaom,HkMunfjcif;rsdK;r[kwf/ tvGJxifjrif
csufomjzpfonf/ ],HkMunfaomtm;jzifh aus;Zl;awmfaMumifh
 okccsrf;omvrf;nTef 82

u,fwifjcif;odkUa&muf&\/} odkU&mwGif ]tusifhESifhuif;aom

,HkMunfjcif;onfUUUUUtaojzpf\/} ({zuf 2;8/ ,mukyf 2;17)/
ocifa,&Ionf ajrMuD;ay:odkY<uvmawmfrrlrDu rdrd\taMumif;
ESifhoufqdkifí ]tuREfkyf\bk&m;ocif? udk,fawmf\tvdkawmfudk
aqmif&mü tuREfkyfonf tm;&0rf;ajrmufyg\/ udk,fawmf\
w&m;awmfonfvnf; tuREkfyfESvHk;xJrSm&Sdyg\} [krdefYawmfcJh
\/ (qmvH 40;8)/ wpfzefaumif;uifodkYwuf<uoGm;awmfrrlrD
tcsdeftenf;i,ftwGif; udk,fawmfu? ]igonf ighcrnf;awmf
\ynwfwdkYudkapmifha&Smufí crnf;awmf\arwåmüwnfae\}
[krdefUawmfrlcJhjyef\/ (a,m[ef 15;10/) ]xdkocifudkudk,fwdkif
oduRrf;onfudk tb,fodkUod&oenf;[lrlum;? ynwfawmfwdkYudk
apmifha&SmufvQifod&ownf;/UUUUUUxdkocifüigwnf\[kqdkaom
olonf xdkocifusifhawmfrlonfenf;wlusifh&rnf/} (1a,m[ef
2;3-6/) ]taMumifhrlum;? c&pfawmfonf igwdkYtwGufcHawmf
rlonfjzpfí ajcawmf&mudkavQmufvdkufapjcif;iSm yHkoufaoudk
xm;awmfrljyD} (1ayw&k 2;21/) [kusrf;pmuaz:jyxm;\/
,ckxm0&toufudk&&SdzdkY&ef vdktyfaompnf;urf;csufum;?
tpOf&SdcJhjyD;aomtcsuf? uREfkyfwdkY\yxrrdbrsm;tjypfrjyKrDuyif
y&'dokbHküxm;cJhaompnf;urf;csufwnf;[laom bk&m;ocif\
ynwfw&m;awmfudkpHkvifpGmvdkuemjcif;? pHkvifaomajzmifhrwfjcif;
jzpfonf/ þpnf;urf;csufxufavQmhxm;aompnf;urf;csuf
wpfpHkwpfckudktrSDjyKí xm0&toufudkcsay;awmfrlvQif rdk;ukyfpuf0dkif;
wpf0ef;vHk;\aysmf&Tifa&;onf ysufuGufoGm;vdrfhrnf/ tjypf
 wynfhawmftjzpfudkppfaq;jcif;
83

ESifhwuG qdk;usdK;qif;&Jjcif;taygif;wdkYonf xm0&umvywfvHk;

wnf&SdaezdkY vrf;yGifhaevdrfhrnf/
tm'Honf tjypfrjyKrDu bk&m;ocif\ynwfw&m;awmfudk
vdkufemjcif;tm;jzifh ajzmifhrwfaomtusifhudkusifhEdkif\/ odkYaomf
olonf þuJhodkYjyKvkyfzdkY&efysufuGufcJhí ol\tjypfaMumifh
uREfkyfwdkY\Zmwdoabmrsm;ysufpD;oGm;&Muvsuf rddrdwdkYudk,fudk
ajzmifhrwfapjcif;iSmrjyKvkyfEdkifMu/ uREfkyfwdkYonftjypf&Sdvsuf
roefY&Sif;Muojzifh oefU&Sif;aomynwfw&m;awmfudkpHkvifpGm
rvdkufemEdkifMuacs/ bk&m;ocif\ynwfw&m;awmfu awmif;qdk
aomt&mudkvdkufavsmEdkifapjcif;iSm uRefkyfwdkYudk,fwdkifüajzmifhrwf
jcif;w&m;r&SdMuacs/ odkU&mwGifocifc&pfawmfonf uREfkfyfwdkY
twGufvGwfajrmuf&mvrf;udkpDrHawmfrlcJhjyD/ udk,fawmfonfajrMuD;
ay:ü uREfkyfwdkYcH&MurnfhpHkprf;aESmifh,Sufjcif;? aoG;aqmifjcif;
wdkUtxJwGif aexdkifawmfrlcJh\/ udk,fawmf\toufwmonf
tjypfESifhuif;pif\/ udk,fawmfonf uREfkyfwdkYtwGuftaocHawmf
rlí ,ckuREfkyfwdkY\tjypfrsm;udk,laqmifvsuf uREfkyfwdkYtm;
ajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;udkay;&efzdwfac:awmfrlonf/ oifhudk,fudk
udk,fawmftm;tyfay;í udk,fawmfudkoif\u,fwif&SiftjzpfESifh
vufcHvQif oif\toufwmonf tjypfESifhjynfh0cJhaomfvnf;
udk,fawmftwGuf oifonf ajzmifhrwfonf[krSwf,ljcif;cH&\/
bk&m;ocifawmf\tusifhonf oif\tusifhae&mü wnf&Sdvmí
bk&m;ocif\a&SUawmfü oifhtm;tjypfrjyKcJhzl;aomoluJhodkY
vufcHawmfrl\/
 okccsrf;omvrf;nTef 84

xdkrQru? ao;ocifc&pfawmfonf pdwfESvHk;udkajymif;vJ

apawmfrl\/ udk,fawmfonf,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh oif\pdwfESvHk;xJü
wnfaeawmfrl\/ oifonf þuJhodkYocifc&pfawmfESifhqufoG,f
rIudk,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifhvnf;aumif;? oif\tvdkqE´udk udk,fawmf
tm; tpOftyfESHxm;jcif;jzifhvnf;aumif; qufvufwnfjrJaeap
&rnf/ ¤if;jyifoifonf þodkUqufvufjyKusifhaeorQumvywf
vHk; bk&m;ocif\oabmawmftwdkif;tvdk&Sdí tusifhusifhapjcif;
iSm oif\txJüudk,fawmfonfjyKjyifawmfrl\/ xdkodkYtm;jzifh?
]udk,fcE¨mü ,ck&Sifaomtoufonf bk&m;ocif\om;awmfudk
,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifhwnf\/ om;awmfonf ighudkcspfí ightzdkY
udk,fudkpGefUawmfrl\} [koifonfajymqdkEdkifvdrfhrnf? (*vmwd
2;20/) ]oifwdkUtvdktavsmufajymMuonfr[kwf/ oifwdkYtb\
0dnmOfawmfonf oifwdkYtm;jzifhajymawmrl\} [kocifa,&Iu
vnf; rdrd\wynfhawmfwdkYtm;rdefYawmfrl\/ (róJ 10;20)/
xdktcgocifc&pfawmfonf oif\txJüjyKjyifawmfrlaomtm;jzifh
oifonf txufqdkcJhjyD;aomoabmudkxif&Sm;apí txufqdkcJh
jyD;aomtusifhwnf;[laomajzmifhrwfjcif;\tusifhESifhem;axmif
jcif;\tusifhudkjyKusifhvmvdrfhrnf/
xdkaMumifh uREfkyfwdkYudk,fwdkifü <um;0gp&mtaMumif;
wpfckrQr&Sdacs/ uREfkyfwdkYonf udk,fudkudk,ftxifMuD;p&mtaMumif;
r&Sd/ uREfkyfwdkYarQmfvifhp&mtaMumif;wpfckum;? uREfkfyfwdkYtm;
ocifc&pfawmfu ay;awmfrlaomajzmifhrwfjcif;udkvnf;aumif;?
uRefkyfwdkYtxJüvnf;aumif;? uREfkyfwdkYtm;jzifhvnf;aumif;?

wynfhawmftjzpfudkppfaq;jcif; 85
udk,fawmf\0dnmOfawmfu jyKjyifawmfrlaomtrIüvnf;aumif;
wnf&Sdayonf/
uREkfyfwdkYonf ,HkMunfjcif;taMumif;udkajymqdkMuaomtcg
jcm;em;aomt&mwpfck&Sdonfudk owdjyK&Murnf/ ,HkMunfjcif;ESifh
vHk;vHk;jcm;em;aomt,l0g'wpfck&Sdonf/ bk&m;ocifwnf&Sdawmf
rljcif;? bk&m;ocif\wefcdk;awmf? bk&m;ocif\EIwfawmfxGuf
or®mw&m;wdkYudk pmwefESifhol\vlrsm;wdkYonf jiif;qdkjcif;iSm
vHk;vHk;rwwfEdkifMu/ ]ewfqdk;wdkYonf aMumuf&GHUí wkefvIyfMu
\/} (,mukyf 2;19/) [k usrf;pmuaz:jyxm;\/ odkYaomf
¤if;onf ,HkMunfjcif;r[kwf/ bk&m;ocif\EIwfxGufpum;awmfudk
,HkMunfonfomru rdrd\tvdkqE´rsm;udkbk&m;ocif\tvdkawmf
ESifhnDavsmfatmifjyKusifhaomtcg? pdwfESvHk;udkbk&m;ociftm;
tyfESHí bk&m;ocifüompGJvrf;cspfcifaomtcg ,HkMunfjcif;ü
&Sdvm\/ arwåmtm;jzifhjyKjyifvQif pdwf0dnmOfudkoefU&Sif;apaom
,HkMunfjcif;jzpfownf;/ þ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh pdwfESvHk;onf
bk&m;ocif\yHkoP²mefawmfESifhtnD topfjyKjyifjcif;cH&\/ ¤if;jyif
topfjyKjyifjcif;rcH&aomtajcü&SdaompdwfESvHk;onf bk&m;ocif
\ynwfawmfudkrusifh? xdkrQru rusifhEdkifaomfvnf; ,ckoefU&Sif;
aomynwfw&m;rsm;üarGUavsmfvmí qmvHq&mESifhtwl
]udk,fawmf\w&m;udk tuREfkyfonf tvGefESpfoufyg\/ wpfaeU
vHk;qifjcif;atmufarhvsufaeyg\} [kajymqdkvdrfhrnf/ (qmvH
119;97/) ¤if;jyif ]Zmwdyuwdtwdkif;rusifh? 0dnmOfyuwd
twdkif;usifhaom} uREfkyfwdkYtxJüynwfw&m;\ajzmifhrwfjcif;
onfjynfhpHkjcif;odkUa&muf\/ (a&mr 8;1/)

okccsrf;omvrf;nTef 86
 ocifc&pfawmf\tjypfvTwfwwfaomarwåmawmfudk odem;
vnfí bk&m;ocif\om;orD;rsm;{ueftrSefjzpfvdkaomolrsm;
&SdMuonf/ odkU&mwGif rdrdwdkY\tusifhonfrpHkvif? rdrdwdkY\
toufwmonf tjypfESifjhynfh0vsuf&Sdonfudkod&Muojzifh
rdrdwdkY\pdwfESvHk;onf oefU&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmftm;jzifh topf
jyKjyifjcif;cH&onfrcH&onfudk ,HkrSm;vsuf&SdaeMuao;\/
pdwfrysufygESifh[k þuJhodkYaomolwdkYtm;ajymvdkygonf/ uREfkyf
wdkYonf rdrdwdkY\ayghavsmhrIrsm;ESifhtrSm;rsm;aMumifh ocifa,&I\
ajcawmf&if;ürMucPOD;nTwfvsuf idka<u;Muvdrfhrnf/odkU&mwGif
uREfkyfwdkYonf pdwfysuftm;avsmhjcif;r&Sd&Mu/ uREfkyfwdkYtm;
&efoluyifatmifjrifaomfvnf; bk&m;ocifonf uRefkyfwdkYtm;
jiif;y,fpGefYypfxm;awmfrrl/ ocifc&pfawmfonf bk&m;ocif\
vuf,mawmfbufwGif&Sdawmfrlvsuf uREfkyfwdkYtwGufzsefajzjcif;
trIudkjyKvsufaeawmfrl\/ udk,fawmfcspfawmfrlaoma,m[efu?
]oifwdkYonftjypfrjyKapjcif;iSm þt&mrsm;udkoifwdkYtm;
iga&;íay;vdkuf\/ wpfpHkwpfa,mufaomolonf tjypfudkjyKrd
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(1a,m[ef 2;1/) ]crnf;awmfonfudk,fawmfwdkif oifwdkYudkcspf
awmfrl\} [kocifc&pfwmfrdefYawmfrlaompum;rsm;udkrarhMu
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wdkifuJhodkYjyefjzpfapawmfrlvsuf oif\txJüudk,fawmf\oefU&Sif;
jcif;ESifh jzLpifjcif;rsdK;udkjzpfay:vmap&ef tvdk&Sdawmfrl\/ ¤if;jyif

wynfhawmftjzpfudkppfaq;jcif; 87

oifonf rdrdukd,fudkukd,fawmftm;tyfESHxm;cJhvQif oif\txJü

aumif;aomtrIudktpjyKawmfrlcJhaomudk,fawmfonf ocifa,&I
c&pf\aeUwdkifatmif xdktrIudkqufvufjyKjyifawmfrlvdrfhrnf/
omípdwftm;MuD;pGmqkawmif;jyD; omípHkvifpGm,HkMunftm;udk;yg/
uRefkyfwdkYonf rdrdwdkY\cGeftm;ü ,HkMunfjci;fuif;rJhvm;aomtcg
uRefkyfwdkYtm;a&G;Ekwfawmfrlaomt&Sif\cGeftm;wefcdk;udk ,HkMunf
tm;udk;MupdkY/ xdktcg uREffkyfwdkYudku,fwifawmfrlaomt&Sifudk
uRefkyfwdkYonf csD;rGrf;axmremjyKMuvdrfhrnf/
oifonfocifc&pfawmfxHomíeD;uyfpGmcsOf;uyfav?
oifonf omítjypfrsm;aomoljzpfonfudk odjrifavjzpf\/
tb,faMumifhqdkaomf oif\tjriftm&Hkonf omíMunfvifvmjyD;
oif\rpHkvifaomtjzpfonf udk,fawmf\pHkvifaomoabmawmf
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aoG;aqmifvSnfhjzm;jcif;wef;cdk;rsm;onf aysmufysufoGm;aMumif;
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tm;jzifh oif\txJütouf&Sifapaomwefcdk;onf xif&Sm;vsuf
&SdaMumif;udkvnf; oufaojzpf\/
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awmf\aus;Zl;awmftm;jzifh ajymif;vJaom0dnmOfonf udk,fawmf
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rdrdwdkY\tusifhü csdKU,Gif;aeaomt&mrsm;udkrjrifMuvQif ocif
c&pfawmf\aumif;jrwfjcif;taMumif;udk rodrjrifMuao;onfrSm
rrSm;Edkifaomoufaojzpfayonf/

okccsrf;omvrf;nTef 88

uREfkyfwdkYonfrdrdudk,fudk omíaxiftjrifao;av? uREfkyf

wdkYu,fwif&Sif\oefU&Sif;jcif;ESifhESpfoufzG,fjzpfjcif;udk uREfkyf
wdkYonf omíav;pm;jrwfEdk;jzpf\/ uREfkyfwdkYütjypf&Sdaom
tjzpfudkodjrifjcif;jzifh uREkfyfwdkYonf tjypfvTwfEdkifawmfrlaom
t&SifxHodkYajy;vmMuonf/ ¤if;jyif0dnmOfonfrdrd\tm;udk;&mrJh
tajctaeudkodjrifvsuf ocifc&pfawmfxHodkY vSrf;oGm;aomtcg
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vdrfhrnf/ uREfkyfwdkYü vdkaeaomtjzpfudkod&Sdojzifh udk,fawmfxH
odkYvnf;aumif;? bk&m;ocif\EIwfxGufpum;awmfodkYvnf;aumif;
uREfkyfwdkYonf omívSrf;av? udk,fawmf\oabmudkomí
av;jrwfcsD;ajrSmufvsuf udk,fawmf\yHkoP²mefawmfudk rdrdwdkY
udk,fü omíjynfhpHkpGmxif&Sm;apavjzpf\/

---000---

jrihfjrwfaomoltjzpfodkYMuD;yGm;jcif; 89

pdwfESvHkajymif;vJjcif;tm;jzifh uREfkyfwdkYonf bk&m;ocif\

om;orD;rsm;jzpfvmMuonf/ þajymif;vJjcif;udkusrf;pmü arG;zGm;
jcif;[kac:qdkxm;\/ ¤if;jyif v,f&SifuMuJxm;onfhaumif;aom
rsdK;aphonf tyifaygufíMuD;yGm;vmjcif;taMumif;ESifh EdIif;,SOfxm;
\/ xdkenf;wl rMumrDuocifc&pfawmfxHodkYajymif;vJvmMuaom
olwdkYonf ocifc&pfawmfü MuD;&ifhaoma,musmf;? rdef;rrsm;jzpf
vmonfwdkifatmif MuD;yGm;vm&rnfhzGm;paomoli,f (1ayw&k
2;2/ {zuf 4;15/) rsm;uJhodkYjzpfMuonf? (odkYr[kwf) v,fxJü
MuJxm;onfhaumif;aomrsdK;aphuJhodkY olwdkYonfMuD;yGm;í toD;rsm;
udkoD;&Murnf/ a[&Sm,uolwdkYonf ]ajzmifhrwfjcif;oydwfyif?
bkef;toa&awmfzdkY xm0&bk&m;pdkufysdK;awmfrlaomtyif[lí
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tm;jzifh 0dnmOfawmftoufESifhqdkifaomeufeJ&mor®mw&m;udk
uREfkyfwdkYonf omíem;vnfapjcif;iSm obm0toufwmrSyHkyrm
rsm;udkaz:jyxm;\/
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Edkif/ bk&m;ocifu pDrHcsay;xm;cJhaomtoufwmtm;jzifhomvQif
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bk&m;ocifxHawmfrSoufa&mufaomtouftm;jzifhomvQif vlwdkY
\pdwfESvHk;xJü0dnmOftoufonf jzpfyGm;vmEdkif\/ vlonf

okccsrf;omvrf;nTef 90

'kwd,arG;jcif; (a,m[ef 3;3/) udkrcH&vQif ocifc&pfawmf

ay;awmfrlaomtoufudkrcHr,lEdkif/
touf&Sifjcif;uJhodkU Mud;yGm;jcif;onfvnf;jzpfayonf/
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atmifrmaomtqefudkjzpfapwwf\/} (rmuk 4;28)/ £oa&v
vlwdkYtaMumif;ESifhywfoufí yka&mzufa[ma&Su ]olwdkYonf
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í pyspfEG,fyifuJhodkYwdk;yGm;vdrfhrnf/} (a[ma&S 14;5?7/) [k
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Munfh&IqifjcifMuavmh} [k ocifa,&Iuvnf; uREfkyfwdkYtm;
rSmxm;awmfrl\/ (vkum 12;27/) opfyifESifhyef;yifwdkYonf
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awmfrlaomowdåudk&&Sdjcif;jzifhomvQif MuD;yGm;&Muonf/ uav;
oli,fonf rdrdudk,fwdkif\ylyefaomuMudK;pm;tm;xkwfrItm;jzifh
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rdrf\ylyefaomuMudK;pm;tm;xkwfrItm;jzifh 0dnmOfMuD;yGm;a&;udk
r&Edkif/ opfyifESifhuav;oli,fwdkYonf rdrdwdkY\ywf0ef;usif&Sd
touf&SifapzdkYjyKjyifay;aom av aea&mifjcnfESifhtpm;taomuf
wdkYudk&&Sdjcif;jzifh wdk;yGm;MuD;rm;vm&ayonf/ obm0csay;aom
þt&mwdkYonf wd&pmäefESifhopfyifwdkYtzdkYjzpfouJhodkY ocifc&pfawmf

jrifhjrwfaomoltjzpfodkYMuD;yGm;jcif; 91

onf udk,fawmfudk,HkMunfaomolwdkYtzdkYjzpfawmfrl\/ udk,fawmf

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jzpfawmfrl\/ (a[&Sm 60;19/ qmvJ 84;11/) ukd,fawmfonf
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toufudkay;aombk&m;ocif\rkefU} jzpfawmfrl\/ (a,m[ef
6;33)/
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avonf wu,fyif&SdouJhodkY bk&m;ocifonf wpfavmuvHk;
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rdef;rrsm;jzpfvmonfwdkifatmif touf&SifvsufMuD;yGm;Muvdrfh
rnf/
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rnftaMumif; ¤if;yef;yGifhonf aebufodkYvSnfhae&onfenf;wl
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apjcif;iSm aumif;uiftvif;onf uREfkyfwdkYtay:odkYxGef;awmuf
rnftaMumif; uREfkyfwdkYonf ajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;\aerif;xHodkY
rsufESmvSnfhae&Murnf/

okccsrf;omvrf;nTef 92

ocifa,&Iu xdkenf;wljyK&efoGefoifawmfrlvsuf? ]igü

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[krdefYawmfrl\/ tcufonfMuD;yGm;í toD;oD;jcif;iSm yifrMuD;
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aexdkif&ef ocifc&pfawmftay:ü trSDjyK&Muonf/ ukd,fawmfESifh
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vQif oifwdkYonfMuD;yGm;wdk;wufvdrfhrnf/ udk,fawmfxHrStoufudk
&,lvQif oifonfrndI;EGrf;? toD;roD;bJrae? jrpfem;rSmpdkufxm;
aomtyifuJhodkYjzpfvdrfhrnf/
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aqmif&Guf&Murnf[ktrsm;aomolwdkYu xifrSwfMuonf/ olwdkY
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wdkY\MuD;yGm;jcif;? uREfkyfwdkY\0rf;ajrmufjcif;? uREfkyfwdkY\toHk;
0ifaomtjzpfrSpí &SdorQwdkYonf ocifc&pfawmfESifhqufqHjcif;

jrifhjrwfaomoltjzpfodkYMuD;yGm;jcif; 93

tay:ütrDSjyKayonf/ udk,fawmfonf uREfkyfwdkU\,HkMunfjcif;udk

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okccsrf;omvrf;nTef 94

ydkifqdkif&mjzpfvm\/ ¤if;jyif,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh oifonf ocif

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jrifhjrwfaomoltjzpfodkYMuD;yGm;jcif; 95

tm;jzifh oif\toufwmonf ocifc&pfawmf\toufwm

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okccsrf;omvrf;nTef 96

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þuJhodkYyifoabmouf0if\/ ]]jidrfoyfpGmaejcif;? ,HkMunfjcif;
tm;jzif cGeftm;tpGrf;udk&Muvdrfhrnf}} (a[&Sm, 30;15/) [k
a[&Sm,u uwdxm;\/ þjidrfoufjcif;udkbmrQrvkyfudkifbJ
aejcif;üawGU&rnfr[kwf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf u,fwif&Sif\
zdwfac:jcif;pum;awmfwGif trIaqmif&Guf&ef zdwfac:aejcif;eSifh
twl yl;aygif;vsuf jidrfoufjcif;udkuwdxm;awmfrl\/ ]]ighxrf;ydk;
udkwifíxrf;Muavmh/.....oifwdkYpdwfeSvkH;onf oufomjcif;udk
&vdrfhrnf/}} (róJ 11;29/) [k ocifc&pfawmftay:ü vHk;vHk;
wnfaeaompdwfeSvHk;onf udk,fawmftwGuftrlawmfaqmif&Guf
&mwGif tvGefyifpdwftm;xufoefí xMuGvlyf&Sm;jcif;&Sdvdrhfrnf/
rdrdudk,füom pdwfpJGvrf;aeaomtcg cGeftm;eSifhtoufwm\
tajctjrpfjzpfaom ocifc&pfawmfxHrSa0;uGmvsuf&Sdaeonf/
odkYjzpfí vlwdkYtm;ocifc&pfawmfukd*&krpdkufapjcif;iSm pmwef
onf tjrJMudK;pm;vsuf&Sdí xdkenf;tm;jzifh0dnmOfudk ocifc&pf
awmfeSifhqufqH&if;eSD;jcif;r&Sdap&ef ydwfyifwm;qD;\/ avmu
taysmftyg;vdkufpm;jcif;? oufwm\pdk;&drfaMumifhMujcif;? ylaqG;
jcif;? olwpfyg;\tjypfudk&Smjcif;? ukd,fwdkif\tjypfeSifhrpHkvif
aomtjzpfudkMunfhaejcif; paomt&mwpfpHkwpfck? (odkYr[kwf)
þt&mtm;vHk;wdkYtm;jzifh pdwfudkvGJoGm;ap&ef olonfMuHpnf

jrifhjrwfaomoltjzpfodkYMuD;yGm;jcif; 97

MudK;pm;vdrfhrnf/ ol\aoG;aqmifMuHpnfrltm;jzifhvrf;vGJudk
rvdkufygeSifh/ {ueftrSefyifajzmifhrSefaompdwfoabm&Sdí bk&m;
ociftwGuf touf&SifzdkYtvdk&Sdaomolrsm;tm; rdrdwdkY\tjypf
rsm;eSifhtm;enf;jcif;tjzpfrsm;udk pdwfpGJvrf;ap&ef pmwefonf
rMumcPaoG;aqmifí xdkodkYaomtm;jzifh olwkdYtm; ocifc&pf
awmfxHrScGmvsuf rdrd\tMuHatmifjrifapzdkU&ef olonfarQmfvifh
\/ uRefkyfwdkYonfrdrdwdkYudk,fudkomA[dkxm;vsuf rdrdwdkYonf
u,fwifjcif;cH&ygrnfvm;[kpdk;&drfylyefaezdkYroifhay/ þt&m
&SdorQwdkYonf uRefyfwdkYcGeftm;\tajctjrpfjzpfaomt&SifxHrS
0dnmOfwdkYudkvrf;vGJoGm;apwwf\/ oif\pdwf0dnmOfudk bk&m;
ocifüompGJvrf;í tm;udk;ygap/ ocifa, &ltaMumif;udkom
qifjcifvsufajymqdkyg/ udk,fawmfüpGJvrf;&mwGif ukd,fudkom
Munfhwwfaompdwfudky,faysmufoGm;ygap/ ,HkrSm;jcif;&SdorQudk
z,f&Sm;yg/ pdk;&drfjcif;&SdorQudkazsmufzsufvdkufyg/ ]]touf&Sif
ao;\/ xdkodkYqdkaomf igonfudk,fwdkifr&Sif? c&pfawmfonf
igü&Sifawmfrl\/ udk,fcE¨mü ,ckig&Sifaomtoufonf bk&m;
ocif\om;awmfudk ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifhwnf\/ om;awmfonf
ighudkcspfí ightzdkYudk,fudkudk,fpGefYawmfrl\}} [k&SifaygvkuJhodkYajym
qdkyg/ (*vmwd? 2;20/) bk&m;ocifü tm;udk;tm;xm;jcif;&Sd
avmh/ oiftyfay;xm;jyD;aomt&mudk bk&m;ocifonf apmifh
a&SmufjyKpkEdkifawmfrl\/ oifonf oifhudk,fudkbk&m;ocif\vuf
awmfxJütyfeSHxm;vQif oifhudkcspfawmfrlaomukd,fawmftm;jzifh
bk&m;ocifonf oifhtm;eSdrfeif;aeol\vufrS omíu,fwif
awmfrlvdrfhrnf/

okccsrf;omvrf;nTef 98

ocifc&pfawmfonf vlZmwdtjzpfudk rdrdudk,fü,llaqmif

awmfrlaomtcg udk,fawmfonf arwåmtaESmiftzGJYtm;jzifh rdrd
udk,fawmfwdkifudk owå0gESifhcsnfaESmifxm;awmfrl\/ ol\tvdkqE´
r&SdbJ rnfonfhwefcdk;rQ ¤if;taESmiftzGJUudkrzsufqD;Edkifacs/
uREfkyfwdkYtm; þtaESmiftzGJUudky,fzsuf&ef ocifc&pfawmfxHrS
uREfkyfwdkYtm; uGJuGmapvdkaomqE´jzpfay:vmap&ef pmwefonf
jzm;a,mif;vSnfhjzm;jcif;trIudk tjrJjyKvkyfvdrfhrnf/ uREfkyfwdkYonf
tjcm;aomocifudka&G;cs,fzdkY aoG;aqmifjcif;rcH&rnftaMumif;
þae&mü uREfkyfwdkYonf owdESifhapmifhMunfhaezdkY? MudK;pm;tm;xkwf
zdkYvdkayonf/ odkU&mwGif uREfkyfwdkYonf ocifc&pfawmfudktpOf
pdkufMunfhaeMupdkY/ xdktcg udk,fawmfonf uREfkyfwdkYudkapmifhxdef;
awmfrlrnf/ ocifa,&IudkMunfh&Ijcif;jzifh uREkfyfwdkYonf ab;uif;
vHkjcHKMuvdrfhrnf/ tb,ft&mrQ udk,fawmf\vufawmfxJrSEkwf
,l roGm;Edkifacs/ tpOftjrJudk,fawmfudkMunfh&Ijcif;jzifh? ]]0dnmOf
awmfw&m;\t&Sifonf bkef;awmftvif;udkvTwfawmfrlonftwdkif;
igwdkYonf bkef;toa&udkyGm;í yHkoP²mefawmfESifhtnD ajymif;vJ
jcif;&Sd&Mu\/}} (2aum&defok 3;18)/
xdkodkYtm;jzifh a&S;OD;wynfhawmfwdkYonf u,fwif&Sif\
yHkoP²mefawmfukd rdrdwdkYudk,fü&&SdMu\/ xdkwynfhawmfwdkYonf
ocifa,&IrdefYawmfrlaompum;rsm;udkMum;&Muaomtcg rdrdwdkY
udk,fü udk,fawmfudktvdk&SdaeaMumif;odjrifvmMu\/ olwdkYonf
udk,fawmfudk&SmazGawGU&SdMuvsuf udk,fawmf\aemufawmfodkYvdkuf
Mu\/ olwdkYonf udk,fawmfESifhtwl tdrfxJüvnf;aumif;? pm;yGJ

jrifhjrwfaomoltjzpfodkYMuD;yGm;jcif; 99

üvnf;aumif;? qdwfnH&mt&yfüvnf;aumif;? v,fjyifxJü

vnf;aumif;&SdMu\/ wynfhrsm;onf q&mESifh&SdouJhodkYolwdkYonf
udk,fawmfESifhtwl&Sdvsuf udk,fawmf\EIwfawmfrSoefU&Sif;aom
or®mw&m;\oifcef;pmrsm;udkaeUpOfcH,l&&SdMu\/ tapcHonf
rdrd\ocifudkMunfhouJhodkY rdrdwdkY\wm0efudkodem;vnf&ef olwdkY
onf udk,fawmfudkapmifhMunfhaeMu\/ xdkwynfhawmfwdkYonf
]]igwdkYuJhodkUaomavmuw&m;üusifvnfaomvlrsm;jzpfMu\/}}
(,m 5;17)/ olwdkYonftjypfESifhwdkufvSef&aom tvm;wlppfyGJ
rsdK;udkvnf; MuHKawGUcJh&Mu\/ olwdkYonfoefU&Sif;aomtoufwm
rsdL;üaexdkif&ef tvm;wlaus;Zl;awmfudkvnf;tvdk&SdcJhMu\/
ocifc&pfawmfESifhtwlqHk;aomoljzpfí udk,fawmfudkcspfcif
awmfrlaoma,m[efyif xdkESpfoufzG,ftusifhrsdK;ESifhZmwd
tm;jzifhrjynfhpHkay/ olonf udk,fusdK;udk&Smí *kPftoa&udk
rufarmonfomru tepfemcH&aomtcgü tvGefpdwfjrefí
a'goxGufvG,faomoljzpf\/ odkUaomf udk,fawmf\oabm
awmfudk olUtm;xif&Sm;pGmaz:jyxm;aomtcg rdrd\csdKUwJhaom
tjzpfudkjrifí rdrdudk,fudkESdrfhcsav\/ bk&m;ocifhom;awmf\
aeUpOftoufwmü cGeftm;eSifhonf;cHjcif;oabm? bkef;wefcdk;ESifh
El;nHhodrfarGUjcif;oabm? jrifhjrwfjcif;ESifhESdrfhcsjcif;oabmwdkYudk
olonfawGUjrif&jcif;tm;jzifh ol\pdwf0dnmOfonf tHhMojrwfEdk;
jcif;? cspfcifESpfoufjcif;oabmrsm;ESifhjynfh0vm\/ rdrd\ocifudk
cspfcif&mü udk,fusdK;&Smwwfaompdwfrsm;aysmufysufoGm;onf
wdkifatmif wpfaeUjyD;wpfaeUol\pdwfESvHk;onf ocifc&pfwmfxH

okccsrf;omvrf;nTef 100

odkYqGJaqmifoGm;jcif;cH&av\/ ol\pdwfjrefa'goxGufvG,foam
oabm? *kPftoa&udkrufarmaomoabmrsm;wdkYudk ocif
c&pfawmf\jyKjyifwwfaomwefcdk;vufxJodkYtyfESHav\/ oefU&Sif;
aom0dnmOfawmf\topfjyKjyifaomwefcdk;onf ol\pdwfESvHk;udk
topfjzpfapavjyD/ ocifc&pfawmf\arwåmawmfwefcdk;onf ol\
tusifhudkjyKjyifajymif;vJay;avjyD/ ocifa,&IESifhqufqH
aygif;oif;&jcif;jzifh trSefcHpm;&aomtusdK;um; þt&myifjzpf\/
ocifc&pfawmfonf uREfkyfwdkY\pdwfESvHk;xJü udef;atmif;awmfrl
aomtcg vl\tajctaewpfckvHk;onfajymif;vJí topfjzpf
vm\/ ocifc&pfawmf\0dnmOf? udk,fawmf\arwåmawmfonf
pdwfESvHk;udkEl;nHhap\/ 0dnmOfudkESdrfhcsap\/ ¤if;jyif tMuHtpnf
ESifhvdktifqE´rsm;udk bk&m;ocifESifhaumif;uifxHodkYjrSifhwifydkYay;\/
ocifc&pfawmfonf aumif;uifodkYwuf<uoGm;awmfrlaom
tcg rdrd\wynfhawmfwdkYESifhtwl udk,fawmfonfwnf&Sdaeawmf
rlao;aMumif;od&Sd&\/ udk,fawmfonf arwåmESifhvnf;aumif;?
tvif;w&m;ESifhvnf;aumif;jynfh0vsuf olwdkYESifhtwl udk,fwdkif
aeawmfrljcif;jzpf\/ olwdkYESifhtwlvrf;avQmuf? pum;ajym?
qkawmif;awmfrlí olwdkYtm;arQmfvifh&mpum;udkrdefUawmfrlvsuf
olwdkY\pdwfESvHk;udk oufomapawmfrlaomu,fwif&Sifocifa,&I
onf rdrd\EIwfawmfrSjidrfoufjcif;owif;pum;udk rdefUawmrlvsuf
aepOf aumif;uifodkY,laqmifjcif;udkcHawmfrl&í aumif;uifwref
rsm;yg0ifaomrdk;wdrfonf udk,fawmfudkcH,lvsufaepOf udk,fawmf
\pum;oHudk þodkYMum;&\/ ]]igonfvnf; uyfurÇmukefonf

jrifhjrwfaomoltjzpfodkYMuD;yGm;jcif; 101

wdkifatmif oifwdkYESifhtwl tpOfrjywf&Sdonf/}} (róJ 28;20)/

udk,fawmfonfaumif;uifodkYvl\yHkoP²mefudkaqmifvsuf wuf<u
awmfrl\/ udk,fawmfonfbk&m;ocif\yv’ifawmfa&SUwGif olwdkY\
rdwfaqGESifhu,fwif&SiftjzpfESifhyif wnf&Sdaeao;onfudkvnf;
aumif;? udk,fawmf\axmufxm;pmemjcif;trIrsm;onf rajymif;vJ
bJ&Sdaeao;onfudkvnf;aumif;? udk,fawmfonf a0'emcHpm;&
aomvlyHkoP²mefudkyifaqmifvsuf aeawmfrl ao;onfukdvnf;
aumif; olwdkyonfod&SdMu\/ rdrda&G;cs,fawmfrlaomolwdkYtzdkY
ay;awmfrlcJhaomtzdk;tcudk owd&ap&ef rdrd\vufESifhajcawmf
wdkYwGif&Sd'Pf&mrsm;udkjyvsuf udk,fawmfonf tzdk;xdkufaom
rdrdtaoG;awmf\aumif;rIrsm;udk bk&m;ocif\a&SUawmfü
qufovsufaeawmfrl\/ udk,fawmfonf olwdkUtwGufaep&m
t&yfrsm;udkjyifqif&ef aumif;uifodkYwuf<uoGm;í wpfzef<uvm
jyD;vQif olwdkYudkudk,fawmfxHodkUodrf;qnf;awmfrlvdrfhrnf[k olwdkY
od&SdMu\/
 udk,fawmfwuf<uoGm;awmfrljyD;aemuf olwdkYonf pk&Hk;Mu
aomtcg olwdkYtvdk&Sdaomt&mrsm;onf ocifa,&I\emrawmf
tm;jzifh crnf;awmfxHawmifhavQmuf&ef pdwftm;xufoefMuav
\/ olwdkYonf&dkaoaMumuf&GHUjcif;ESifh OD;nGwfqkawmif;MupOf
atmufyguwdudkjyefíjrGufqdkMu\/ ]]oifwdkYonf ig\emrudk
trSDjyKí crnf;awmfrSmqkawmifhorQwdkYudk crnf;awmfonfay;awmf
rlrnf/ ,ckwdkifatmif ig\emrudktrSDjyKí oifwdkYonftb,fqk
udkrQrawmif;Muao;/ oifwdkYonf0rf;ajrmufp&mtaMumif;pHkvif

okccsrf;omvrf;nTef 102

apjcif;iSm awmif;Muavmh/ xdkodkYawmif;vQif&Muvdrfhrnf/}}

(a,m[ef 16;23?24)/ ]]taocHí cHonfomru aojcif;rS
xajrmufí bk&m;ocif\vuf,mawmfbufüaevsuf? igwdkYtzdkY
qkawmif;aomolum; c&pfawmfaywnf;/}} (a&mr 8;34/) [laom
jyif;xefonfhxkacscsufESifh olwdkYonf ,HkMunfjcif;vufukdomí
jrifhpGmurf;vSrf;Muav\/ ocifc&pfawmfu ]]xdkolonfoifESifhtwl
aernf}} [krdefUawmfrlonftwdkif; yifawukawåyGJü oefU&Sif;aom
0dnmOfawmfonf olwdkYESifhtwl&Sdaeawmfrl\/ ¤if;jyif udk,fawmfu
xyfrHí ]]igoGm;vQif? oifwdkYtusdK;&Sdvdrfhrnf/ taMumif;rlum;
igroGm;vQif oefU&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfonf oifwdkUqDodkYrvm/ igoGm;
vQif xdkoludkoifwdkYqDodkYigapvTwfrnf}}[krdefUawmfrl\/(a,m[ef
14;17/ 16;17/) xdktcgrSpí ocifc&pfawmfonf rdrd\om;
orD;rsm;wdkYpdwfxJü 0dnmOfawmftm;jzifh tpOftjrJudef;atmif;
aeawmfrl&rnf/ ,ckolwdkYonf udk,fawmfESifhqufqHaygif;oif&
jcif;trIum; ajrMuD;ay:ü&SdpOf olwdkYESifhtwl udk,fawmfwdkifaexdkif
oGm;vmcJh&onfxufomíeD;uyf\/ rdrdwdkYtxJü udef;atmif;
aeawmfrlaom ocifc&pfawmf\tvif;? arwåmESifhwefcdk;awmf
wdkYonf olwdkYtm;jzifh xGef;awmufxif&Sm;ojzifh ¤if;wdkYudkjrif
&aomvlrsm;wdkYonf ]]tHhMoíaeMu\/ xdkolwdkYonf txufu
a,&IESifhtwl&Sdonfudk owd&Mu\/}} (wrefawmf 4;13)/
a&S;OD;wynfhawmfwdkYtwGuf c&pfawmfonf jzpfcJhorQaom
t&mwdkYonf ,ckacwfumv&Sd rdrd\om;orD;rsm;twGufvnf;
jzpfapzdkY udk,fawmfutvdk&Sdawmfrl\/ taMumif;rlum; rdrd\

jrifhjrwfaomoltjzpfodkYMuD;yGm;jcif; 103

ywfvnfü wynfhawmftenf;i,fudkpka0;apvsuf aemufqHk;

tMudrfqkawmif;&mwGif udk,fawmfu? ]]xdkolwdkYtzdkYom tuREfkyf
qkawmif;onfr[kwfyg/ olwdkYa[majymjcif;tm;jzifh tuREfkyfudk
,HkMunfaomolwdkYtzdkYudkvnf;qkawmif;yg\}} [krdefUawmfrlcJhjyD/
(a,m[ef 17;20)/
ocifa,&Ionf uREfkyfwdkYtwGuf qkawmif;awmfrlí
udk,fawmfonf crnf;awmfESifhwpfvHk;wpf0wnf;&SdouJhodkY uREkfyf
wdkYonf udk,fawmfESifhwpfvHk;wpf0wnf;jzpfaprnftaMumif;
udk,fawmfuawmif;avQmufawmfrl\/ rnfrQpnf;vHk;jcif;jzpf
oenf;/ ]]om;awmfonf rdrdtvdktavsmuf tb,ftrIudkrQrjyKedkif/}}
]]igjyKaomtrIudkum;? igüwnfaomcrnf;awmofn jyKawmfrl\/
(a,m[ef 5;19/ 14;10/) [k u,fwif&Sifonf rdrdudk,fwdkif
\taMumif;udk tpGJjyKvsufrdefUawmfrl\/ xdktcgocifc&pfawmf
onf uREfkyfwdkY\pdwfESvHk;xJüwnfaeawmfrlvQif oifwdkYonf
]]tvdk&Sdapjcif;iSmvnf;aumif;? tusifhusifhapjcif;iSmvnf;aumif;
oifwdkYtxJüapwemtm;jzifh udk,fawmfonfjyKjyifawmfrlvdrfhrnf/}}
(zd 2;13)/ udk,fawmfaqmif&Gufawmfrlonfenf;wl uREkfyfwdkYonf
vnf;aqmif&GufMuvdrfhrnf/ uREfkyfwdkYonf udk,fawmf\oabm
rsdK;udkyif xif&Sm;apMuvdrfhrnf/ xdkenf;tm;jzifh udk,fawmfudk
cspfcifESpfoufí udk,fawmfüwnfaejcif;jzifh uREfkyfwdkYonf
]]OD;acgif;wnf;[laomc&pfawmfrSmt&m&mü MuD;yGm;Murnf
taMumif;wnf;/}} ({zuf 4;15)/

---000---

trIaqmifjcif;ESifhtouf&Sifjcif; 104

bk&m;ocifonf rdk;ukyfpuf0dkif;MuD;twGuf touf&Sifa&;?

tvif;ESifh0rf;ajrmufaysmf&Tifa&;wdkY\tajctjrpfjzpfawmfrl\/
aerSxGufvmaom tvif;a&mifuJhodkYvnf;aumif;? pD;xGuf
aeaomprf;a&rSxGufvmaom a&pD;aMumif;rsm;uJhokdYvnf;aumif;
bk&m;ocifxHawmfrSaumif;csD;r*Fvmrsm;onf udk,fawmf\owå0g
taygif;wdkYxHoufa&mufvmMu\/ vlwdkY\pdwfESvHk;xJü bk&m;
ocif\toufonf wnf&SdaevQif ¤if;onf tjcm;olrsm;xHodkY
arwåmESifhaumif;csD;r*Fvmrsm;udkoufa&mufapvdrfhrnf/
uREfkyfwdkYu,fwif&Sif\aysmfarGUzG,ftrIum; usqHk;aysmuf
vGifhaeaomvlrsm;udkjrSifhwifvsuf a&G;ekwfu,fwifjcif;tvkyfwGif
wnf&Sd\/ þtwGufaMumifh udk,fawmfonf rdrd\toufudk
ESajrmawmrrlbJ vuf0g;uyfwdkifü&dkufxm;jcif;udkcHvsuf &Suf
zG,faomtrIudkyrmPjyKawmfrrlyg/ xdkaMumifh aumif;uifwref
wdkYonf olwpfyg;\aysmf&Tif0rf;ajrmufa&;twGuf aqmif&GufrIwGif
tjrJyifyg0ifMuavonf/ þtrIonf olwdkY\aysmfarGUzG,f&m
jzpf\/ tusifhESifhtqifhtwef;wdkYwGif ae&mwdkif;üyif
,kwfnHhí atmufwef;usaomolwdkYtm; apmifha&SmufjyKpkjcif;trIudk
wpfudk,faumif;MuHpnfwwfaompdwf&SdolwdkYu tvGefedrfhusaom
trI[koabmxm;wwfMuaomfvnf; xdktrIyifvQif tjypfuif;
aom aumif;uifwrefwdkY\tvkyfjzpfonf/ ocifc&pfawmf\
udk,fudkpGefYaomarwåmESifhjynfh0aompdwfoabmrsdK;onf aumif;
uifwpf0ef;vHk;udk vTrf;rdk;aomoabmjzpfonf/ þoabmrdsK;onf

trIaqmifjcif;ESifhtouf&Sifjcif;
105

ocifc&pfawmf\wynfhawmfwdkYü&Sd&Murnfhoabm? þtvkyfonf
olwdkYjyK&Murnfhtvkyfjzpf\/
ocifc&pfawmf\arwåmawmfonf pdwfESvHk;xJüudef;atmif;
aeaomtcg arT;MudKifaomteHUtxHkuJhodkY ¤if;udkzHk;tkyfírxm;
Edkif/ uREfkyfwdkYESifhqufqHrdMuaomoltaygif;wdkYonf ¤if;\oefU
&Sif;jcif;wefcdk;udkodjrif&Muvdrfhrnf/ pdwfESvHk;xJü&Sdaom ocif
c&pfawmf\oabmrsdK;onf oJuEåm&xJwGif&Sdaomprf;a&wGif;ESifh
wlvsuf owå0gtaygif;wdkYudktm;jznfhvef;qef;ap&ef pD;qif;í
ysufpD;awmhrnfjzpfaomolwdkYtm; toufa&udkaomuf&ef pdwftm;
xufoefvmap\/
vlowå0gwdkYtay:ü aumif;usdK;oufa&mufí olwdkY\
tajctaeudkjrSifhwifzdkYtwGuf udk,fawmfonftrIaqmif&Gufonf
enf;wl aqmif&GufvdkaomqE´ü ocifa,&I\arwåmawmfonf
xif&Sm;vmvdrfhrnf/ xdkqE´onf aumif;uifcrnf;awmf\apmifh
a&SmufjyKpkjcif;cH&aomowå0gtaygif;wdkYtay:ü arwåm? Muifem
oem;jcif;ESifh axmufxm;pmemjcif;wdkYudk xm;&Sdvmapvdrfhrnf/
ajrMuD;ay:ü ocifc&pfawmfaexdkifawmfrlcJhaomtoufwm
onfat;aq;í ukd,fusdK;udkomiJhuGufaomtoufwmrsdK;r[kwf
bJ udk,fawmfonf aysmufqHk;aeaomvlowå0gwdkUudku,fwif
a&;twGuf raerem;? pdwftm;xufoefpGmMudK;pm;í trIaqmif
&Gufawmfrl\/ EGm;pmcGufrS u&medukef;wdkifatmif udk,fudkjiif;
y,faomvrf;udkavQmufvdkufí cufcJaomtvkyfwm0ef? yifyef;
aomc&D;? tm;tifukefcef;apaompdk;&drfaomuESifhtvkyfMurf;rsm;udk

okccsrf;omvrff;nTef 106

a&SmifMuOf&ef MuHpnfawmfrrlyg/ udk,fawmfu? ]]vlom;onf

olwpfyg;udkappm;jcif;iSmrvm? olwpfyg;\tapudkcHjcif;iSm
vnf;aumif;? rdrdtoufudkpGefUí vlrsm;udka&G;jcif;iSmvnf;aumif;
<uvmonf}} [krdefYawmfrl\/ (róJ 20;28/) þt&monf
udk,fawmf\touffwmwGif tMuD;qHk;&nf&G,fcsufjzpfonf/
þt&mrSvGJí tjcm;aomtrIrsm;onf ¤if;t&m\wpfqifhcHrSDcdk
aeaomt&mrsm;jzpfownf;/ bk&m;ocif\tvdkawmfudkaqmif
vsuf trIawmfudkjyD;pD;jcif;onf udk,fawmf\pm;p&mjzpf\/
udk,fawmf\trIawmfwGif udk,fudktrSl;xm;í udk,fusdK;&Smjcif;
oabmrsm;r&Sdacs/
xdkaMumifhtjcm;aomolwdkYonf aumif;uifqkvmbfvuf
aqmifudkyg0ifcHpm;cGifh&&SdrnftaMumif; ocifc&pfawmf\aus;Zl;
awmfudkcH,l&&SdaomolwdkYonf pGefUpm;jcif;trIwpfpHkwpfckudkjyKvkyf
&ef toifh&SdMuvdrfhrnf/ olwdkYaexdkifzdkU&eftwGuf avmutm;
omíaumif;ap&efwwfEdkiforQjyKjyifMuvdrfhrnf/ þoabmrsdK;
onf trSefpdwfESvHk;ajymif;vJaomolwdkYrS{ueftrSefay:xGufvm
aomt&mjzpfonf/ wpfpHkwpfa,mufonf ocifc&pfawmfxHodkY
a&muf&SdvmonfESifhwpfjydKifeuf ocifa,&Ionf tzdk;xdkufaom
rdwfaqGjzpfonfudk olwpfyg;tm;az:jyvdkaomqE´onf ol\pdwf
xJüjzpfay:vm\/ uREfkyfwdkYonfocifc&pfawmf\ajzmifhrwfjcif;
0wf&HkudkjcHK&í rdrdwdkYtxJüudef;atmif;aeawmfrlaom 0dnmOfawmf
\0rf;ajrmufjcif;ESifhjynfh0vmvQif rdrdwdkY&&Sdaomjidrfoufjcif;udk
rdrdwdkYtzdkYom odrf;xm;EdkifMuvdrfhrnfr[kwf/ xm0&bk&m;onf

trIaqmifjcif;ESifhtouf&Sifjcif;
107

aumif;jrwfawmfrlonfudk jrnf;prf;vsufodjrif&vQif uREfkyfwdkY

onf wpfpHkwpf&mudkajymjyvdkMuvdrfhrnf/ zdvdyÜKuJhodkUudk,fawmfudk
awGU&Sdaomtcg tjcm;aomolrsm;udk uREfkyfwdkYonf udk,fawmfxH
odkY,laqmifvmMuvdrfhrnf/ uREfkyfwdkYonfolwdkYtm; ocifc&pf
awmf\ESpfoufzG,faomtaMumif;rsm;ESifh ,ckrjrif&ao;aomf
vnf; aemifumvü þavmuwGifyif wu,fyifwnf&Sdrnf
jzpfaompnf;pdrfrsm;taMumif;udkaz:jyvdkMuvdrfhrnf/ ocifa,&I
avQmufawmfrlaomvrf;udkvdkufavQmuf&ef jyif;xefaomtvdkqE´
&Sdvdrfhrnf/ rdrdwdkYywfvnfü&SdaomolwdkYonf ]]þavmu\tjypf
udkaqmifaom bk&m;ocif\odk;oi,f}} udkMunfh&IEdkifMurnf
taMumif; uREfkyfwdkY\pdwfESvHk;xJüpdwftm;MuD;aomawmifhwjcif;
&Sdvdrfhrnf/
¤if;jyif tjcm;aomolwdkYtm; aumif;csD;ay;&ef MudK;pm;
jcif;trIonf uREfkyfwdkYtay:üaumif;csD;r*Fvmrsm;oufa&muf
apjcif;trIudk jyefíjzpfapvdrfhrnf/ þtrIum;a&G;Ekwfjcif;pDrH
udef;wGif uREfkyfwdkYtm;yg0ifaqmif&GufcGifhay;awmfrl&mü bk&m;
ocif\&nf&G,fcsufjzpfayonf/ bk&m;ocifZmwdudkcH,l&&Sdvmap&ef
tcGifhudk bk&m;ocifuvltm;ay;awmfrlcJhí wpfrefolwdkYrSwpfqifh
tjcm;vlrsm;tm; aumif;csD;r*Fvmrsm;udka0iSay;urf;awmfrl\/
vlwdkYtay:ü bk&m;ocifonf þtcGifhta&;udkcsay;Edkifawmfrl
jcif;trIonf tjrifhjrwfqHk;toa&ESifhtMuD;qHk;aom 0rf;ajrmuf
jcif;jzpf\/ xdkodkYtm;jzifh arwåmESifhjynfh0aomtvkyfrsm;wGif
yg0ifcHpm;cGifh&&SdMuaomolwdkYonf rdrdwdkYzefqif;&SifESifhteD;uyfqHk;
a&muf&SdvmMuavonf/

okccsrf;omvrf;nTef 108

bk&m;ocifonf {0Ha*vdowif;pum;udkvnf;aumif;?
arwåmESifhaqmif&Guf&aomtvkyf&SdorQudkvnf;aumif; aumif;uif
wrefrsm;tm;tyfay;Edkifawmfrl\/ rdrd\&nf&G,fcsufjyD;ajrmuf
apjcif;iSm tjcm;aomenf;vrf;rsm;udktoHk;jyKEdkifawmfrl\/ odkYaomf
þudk,fusdK;r&SmaomtrIaqmif&Gufjcif;tm;jzifh tusdK;cHpm;&aom
aumif;csD;r*Fvm? 0rf;ajrmufjcif;ESifh0dnmOfa&;wGif jrSifhwifa&;
wdkUudk uREfkyfwdkYonf cHpm;cGifh&&SdMurnftaMumif; bk&m;ocif
udk,fawmfwdkifESifhvnf;aumif;? ocifc&pfawmfESifhvnf;aumif;?
aumif;uifwrefrsm;ESifhvnf;aumif; awlwuGyl;aygif;trIaqmif
&GufcGifh&&Sdap&ef bk&m;ocifonf uRefkyfwdkYtm; arwåmawmf
t&Sdeftm;jzifh a&G;cs,fcefUxm;awmfrl\/
uREfkyfwdkYonf udk,fawmfa0'emcHpm;rIrsdK;udkyg0ifqufqHcGifh
&&Sdjcif;jzifh ocifc&pfawmfESifhtwl axmufxm;pmemaomoabm
udk&&SdMurnf/ tjcm;olrsm;\aumif;usdK;twGuf rdrdudk,fudkpGefU
pm;jcif;trIwdkif;onf xdkpGefUpm;ol\pdwfESvHk;xJütusdK;jzpfapaom
trIudkjyKwwfaomoabmudk wdk;yGm;cdkifjrJapvsuf olUtm;avmu
\u,fwif&SifESifhomí eD;uyfpGmqufoG,fap\/ ]]xdku,fwif
&Sifonf pnf;pdrf&Sdaomfvnf; qif;&Jawmfrljcif;tm;jzifh oifwdkY
onfpdrf;pnf&Sdapjcif;iSm oifwdkYtwGufaMumifhqif;&Jjcif;udkcHawmf
rl\/}} bk&m;ocifonf uREfkyfwdkYudkzefqif;awmfrl&mü pDrHxm;
awmfrlaomtMuHawmfudk uREfkyfwdkYonf xdkuJhodkYjynfhpHkapaomtcg
üom toufwmonf uRefkyfwdkYtzdkY aumif;csD;r*Fvmjzpfvm
Edkif\/

trIaqmifjcif;ESifhtouf&Sifjcif;
109

c&pfawmfpDrHawmfrlonftwdkif; rdrd\wynfhawmfrsm;
jyKvkyf&rnfhtrIudk oifonfaqmif&Gufí udk,fawmftwGuf0dnmOf
rsm;udk&&SdvQif oifonfbk&m;ocifESifhqdkifaomt&mrsm;wGif omí
rsm;aomA[kokwESifh omíMuD;us,faomOmPfynmvdkaeonfudk
od&Sdvsuf ajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;udkqmiwfrGwfodyfvdrfhrnf/ oifonf
cdkifcHhwdk;yGm;vmvsuf oif\0dnmOfonf u,fwifjcif;wnf;[laom
a&wGif;rSprf;a&udkomí rsm;jym;pGmaomufoHk;vdrfhrnf/ awGUMuHK&
aomckcHwGef;vSefrIESifhpHkprf;aESmifh,Sufjcif;wdkYonf oifhtm; or®m
usrf;pmESifhqkawmifhjcif;trIudk tm;udk;apvdrfhrnf/ oifonf
aus;Zl;awmfüvnf;aumif;? ocifc&pfawmfudkoduRrf;jcif;ü
vnf;aumif; MuD;yGm;í tzdk;xdkufwefaomA[kokwü wdk;yGm;
vdrfhrnf/
udk,fusdK;udkr&SmbJ tjcm;olwdkYtwGuftrIaqmif&Gufvdk
aomoabmonf tusifhwnfwHhcdkifcHhwdk;yGm;í ocifc&pf
awmf\tusifhuJhodkY ESpfoufzG,fjzpfapvsuf ¤if;oabmrsdK;&Sdoltm;
jidrfoufjcif;ESifh0rf;ajrmufjcif;udkay;\/ jrifhfjrwfaomt&mudk
awmifhwaompdwfonfwdk;yGm;vm\/ ysif;&djcif; (odkYr[kwf) udk,f
usdK;&Smjcif;oabmrsm;r&Sd/ c&pf,meftusifhrsm;udk xdkodkY
usifhaomolwdkYonf MuD;yGm;í bk&m;ociftwGuftrIaqmif&Guf
&ef cGeftm;ESifhjynfhpHkvm\/ olonf0dnmOfa&;ü omíxif&Sm;pGm
odjrifvmí ,HkMunfjcif;üwnfMunfwdk;yGm;jcif;&Sdvsuf qkawmif;
jcif;trIü cGeftm;wefcdk;omíwdk;yGm;vdrfhrnf/ rdrdwdkY\pdwful;xJü

okccsrf;omvrf;nTef 110

vIyf&Sm;vsuf&Sdaombk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmfonf vltm; bk&m;

ocifESifhqufqH&müoefU&Sif;aomnDnGwfjcif;udkjzpfap\/ olwpf
yg;\aumif;usdK;twGuf udk,fusdK;riJhbJ xdkodkYMudK;pm;aqmif&Guf
aomolwkYdonf trSeftm;jzifh rdrdudk,fwdkifu,fwifjcif;cHpm;&zdkY
aocsmayonf/
aus;Zl;awmfüMuD;yGm;zdkU&ef wpfckwnf;aomenf;vrf;um;?
uREfkyfwdkYtay:ü ocifc&pfawmfu csay;xm;awmfrlaomtvkyf
udk udk,fusdK;riJhbJaqmif&Gufjcif;omjzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkYay;Edkifaom
tultnDufk vdkaeaomolwdkYtm;rpí aumif;usdK;ay;&mü rdrd
wdkYtpGrf;owdå&SdorQaqmif&Gufjcif;udkqdkvdkonf/ avhusifhjcif;
tm;jzifh cGeftm;udk&&Sd\/ touf&Sifa&;onf vIyf&Sm;rItay:ü
wnf\/ aus;Zl;awmftm;jzifh oufa&mufvmaomaumif;csD;r*Fvm
rsm;udkomcH,laevsuf ocifc&pfawmftwGuf bmrQrvkyfbJ
aejcif;tm;jzifh c&pf,meftoufwmü wnfae&aomolwdkYonf
tvkyfrvkyfbJ tpm;taomufudkomoHk;aqmifaejcif;jzifh touf
&Sifae&ef MudK;pm;aeMuayonf/ obm0avmurSmenf;wl 0dnmOf
avmuüvnf; þodkYaomtajctaeonf tpOfojzifhqkwf,kwf
ysufpD;,dk,Gif;jcif;udkjzpfaponf/ rdrd\udk,fvuft*Fgrsm;udk
vIyf&Sm;apzdkYrjyKvkyfaomolonf tqHk;ü ¤if;wdkYudktoHk;jyK&ef
cGeftm;r&SdbJaevdrfhrnf/ xdkenf;tm;jzifh bk&m;ocifcsay;awmf
rlaomcGeftm;wefcdkrsm;udk toHk;rjyKaomolonf ocifc&pfawmfü
MuD;yGm;jcif;r&Sdonfomru rdrd&&Sdxm;jyD;aomcGeftm;udkyif
qHk;&IH;\/

trIaqmifjcif;ESifhtouf&Sifjcif;
111

ocifc&pfawmf\toif;awmfonf vlwdkYtm;u,fwifa&;
twGuf bk&m;ocifcefYxm;awmfrlaomukd,fpm;vS,fjzpf\/ ¤if;\
wm0ef0wå&m;um; avmutm; {0Ha*vdw&m;udka[majymjcif;
wnf;/ ¤if;jyif þwm0efonf c&pf,meftaygif;wdkYtay:ü
wnf&Sd\/ vlwdkif;onfu,fwif&SifucefYtyfawmfrlaomwm0ef
udk rdrdwdkYpGrf;tm;owdåESifh tcGifhta&;&SdorQjynfhpHkpGm aqmif&Guf
&Murnf/ uREfkyfwdkYtm;az:jyawmfrlcJhaom ocifc&pfawmf\arwåm
awmfonf udk,fawmfudkrodaomoltaygif;wdkYtwGuf uREfkyfwdkY
udkta<u;wifaeaomoljzpfapjyD/ bk&m;ocifonf uREfkyfwdkYtm;
tvif;w&m;udk uREfkyfwdkYudk,fwdkiftzdkYomr[kwfbJ xdkolwdkYtay:
üxGef;awmufapzdkY&efvnf; csay;awmfrl\/
ocifc&pfawmf\wynfhawmfrsm;wdkYonf wm0ef0wå&m;ü
x<uvIyf&Sm;jcif;&SdvQif bk&m;ocifudkrudk;uG,faomt&yfa'orsm;wGif
,aeU{0Ha*vdw&m;udk a<u;aMumfaeolwpfa,mufom&Sdaom
ae&mwGif axmifaygif;rsm;pGm&Sdvdrfhrnf/ ¤if;jyif rdrdwdkYudk,fwdkif
trIawmfwGifyg0ifaqmif&GufEdkifcGifhr&MuaomolwdkYonf rdrdwdkY\
ypönf;Opöm? a&TaiGwdkYjzifhvnf;aumif;? axmufxm;pmemrIrsm;? qk
awmif;jcif;rsm;jzifhvnf;aumif; trIawmfudkaxmufyHhulnD
EdkifMuao;onf/ ¤if;jyif c&pf,mefEdkifiHrsm;wGif omípdwftm;
MuD;pGmjzifh trIaqmif&GufEdkifvdrfhrnf/
ocifc&pfawmftwGuftrIaqmif&Guf&efwm0efonf uREkfyf
wdkYty:üwnf&SdaevQif uREfkyfwdkYonf rdrdwdkY\tdrfudkpGefUí &yfa0;
odkYoGm;aep&mrvdk/ tdrfaxmifESifhtoif;awmfüfvnf;aumif;? rdrd

okccsrf;omvrf;nTef 112

wdkY\taygif;taz:rsm;? rdrdwdkYESifhtwltvkyfvkyfudkifaomolwdkY
txJwGifvnf;aumif; þtrIawmfudkuREkfyfwdkYaqmif&GufEdkif
Muonf/
ajrMuD;ay:ü uRekfyfwdkY\u,fwif&SifaexdkifoGm;aomtouf
wmonf trsm;tm;jzifh emZ&ufjrdKU&Sdvuform;tvkyf&Hkuav;xJ
ü pdwf&SnfpGmjzifhvkyfudkif&aomtvkyfxJrSmyif tcsefukefcJh&av\/
toufocifjzpfawmfrlaomudk,fawmfonf qif;&Jom;rsm;?
v,f,mvkyfudkifolrsm;ESifhtwlwuG oGm;vmaexdkifvsuf&SdpOf
aumif;uifwrefrsm;wdkYonf udk,fawmfudkvkyfauR;jyKpkMu\/
xdktcgü udk,fawmfudkrnfolrQtodtrSwfrjyK? rcsD;rajrSmufMu
acs/ udk,fawmfonfzsm;emaomolwdkYudk usef;rmapaomtcg
(odkYr[kwf) *gvdvJtdkifwGif avjyifrkefwdkif;aMumifh ykwfcwfaeaom
vIdif;rsm;ay:ü vrf;avQmufoGm;awmfrlaomtcgrSmuJhodkYyif
udk,fawmfonf atmufwef;usaomtvkyfudkvkyfaqmifaeaomtcgrSm
vnf; rdrdtm;cGJcefUay;xm;awmfrlaomtrIawmfudk opömESifhaqmif
&Gufvsuf&Sdawmfrl\/ xdkYtwl toufwmüatmufwef;tusqHk;
aomtvkyfwm0efrsm;? tedrfhusqHk;aom&mxl;&mcHrsm;wGif
uREkfyfwdkYonf ocifa,&IESifhtwl oGm;vmvkyfudkifEdkifMuonf/
wrefawmfaygvku? ]]ac:awmfrljcif;aus;Zl;udkcH&aomol
onf tMuiftrIudkvkyfae\/ xdkodkYbk&m;ocifa&SUawmfü vlwdkif;
vkyfaeap}} [kajymqdkxm;\/ (1aum&defok 7;24/) tvkyftudkif
wpfckckudkvkyfaqmif&aomolonf rdrd\tvkyfüopöm&Sdjcif;aMumifh
rdrdocif\*kPftoa&udkxif&Sm;apaomenf;vrf;tm; vdkufemjyK
vkyfEdkifonf/ olonfocifc&pfawmf\wynfhtppfjzpfvQif t&m&m

trIaqmifjcif;ESifhtouf&Sifjcif;
113

wkdif;ü rdrd\bmomw&m;udktoHk;csvsuf vlrsm;wdkYtm;ocifc&pf

awmf\oabmudk xif&Sm;apvdrfhrnf/ pufrItvkyform;onf
*gvdvJjynf\awmifrsm;ay:ü atmufwef;usaomtrIudpöwdkUudk
aqmif&GufawmfrlcJhaomudk,fawmftzdkY opöm&SdpGmMudK;pm;vkyfaqmif
aomudk,fpm;vS,fwpfa,mufjzpfEdkifonf/ tjcm;aomolwdkUonf
rdrdwdkY\aumif;aomtusifhudkjrifjcif;jzifh rdrdwdkYzefqif;&SifESifh
a&G;Ekwf&Sif\bkef;awmfudkxif&Sm;apMurnftaMumif; c&pfawmf\
emrudkcH,laomolwdkYonf rdrdwdkY\wm0efudkxrf;aqmif&Murnf/
tjcm;aomolwdkYonf rdrdwdkYxufOpöm? t&nftcsif;wdkYESifh
tusdK;aus;Zl;rsm;udkom vGefxl;uJpGmjzifh&&SdMuaomaMumifh trsm;
aomolwdkYu rdrdwdkY\Opömb@rsm;udk ocifc&pfawmf\trIawmf
twGuf ray;rvSlEdkifMuyg[kqifajcay;MujyD/ xl;jcm;aomt&nf
tcsif;ESifhjynfhpHkaomolwdkYom bk&m;ocif\trIawmftwGuf rdrd
wdkY\pGrf;tm;owdåudktoHk;jyKoifhMuonf[k tcdsKUuxifrSwfMujyD/
rsufESm&aomolwcsdKUomcGifhta&;? &mxl;&mcHwdkYudkay;vsuf
tjcm;aomolwdkYtm;trSefyiftcGifhta&;ESifhqkaus;Zl;wdkYudkyg0if
cHpm;cGifhray;bJxm;Muonf[k tcsdKUuxifrSwfcJhMujyD/ odkY&mwGif
aiGrsm;udktyfay;jcif;cH&aomOyrmu þuJhodkYteuft"ddyÜg,faz:jy
onfr[kwf/tdrf&Sifonf rdrd\i,fom;rsm;udkac:í toD;toD;
wdkYqdkif&mtvkyfudktyfay;\/
uREfkyfwdYkonf ]]bk&m;ocif\trIawmfudkaqmif&GufouJh
odkY}} (aumavmoJ 3;23/) toufwm\atmufwef;tusqHk;aom
tvkyfwm0efwdkYudk arwåmpdwfwdkYESifhaqmif&GufMu&rnf/ bk&m;ocif

okccsrf;omvrf;nTef 114

\arwåawmfonf pdwfESvHk;xJüwnf&SdvQif toufwmü ¤if;udk

xif&Sm;apvdrfhrnf/ ocifc&pfawmf\arT;MudKifaom&eHYonf
uREfkyfwdkYudkvTrf;rdk;í uREfkyfwdkY\MoZmtmPmonf olwpfyg;udk
csD;jrSifhvsuf aumif;csD;ay;vdrfhrnf/
oifonfbk&m;ocif\trIawmfudkraqmif&GufrD MuD;us,f
aomtcGifhta&;(odkYr[kwf) xl;uJomvGefaompGrf;tm;owdårsm;udk
&&Sdonfwdkifatmif apmifhqdkif;aezdkYrvdk/ avmuonf oifhtm;
tb,fuJhodkYxifrSwfvdrfhrnfenf;[k pOf;pm;qifjcif;aezdkUroifh/
oif\aeUpOftoufwmü oif\,HkMunfjcif;onf oefY&Sif;jzLpifí
[kwfrSefwnfMunfaMumif;oufaoxif&Sm;vsuf oifonftjcm;
olwdkYtm;aumif;usdK;ay;aMumif;udk olwdkYutxift&Sm;odMuvQif
oif\MudK;yrf;rIonf vHk;vHk;rqHk;r&IH;acs/
ocifa,&I\atmufwef;tusqHk;ESifhtqif;&JqHk;aomwynfh
awmfonf tjcm;olwdkYtwGuf aumif;csD;r*FvmwpfckjzpfEdkifonf/
olwdkYonf xl;jcm;aomtvkyfwpfckckudkjyKvkyfaeonfudkrodjrifbJ
aevdrfhrnf/ odkU&mwGif rxif&Sm;aomrdrdwdkY\MoZmtm;jzifh
olwdkYonf omíus,fjyefUeuf&dIif;aom aumif;csD;r*FvmvdIif;rsm;
udk tpjyKjzpfay:apMuvdrfhrnf/ ¤if;jyif aemufqHk;qkvmbfrsm;udk
csay;aomtcsdefwdkifatmif olwdkYjyKaomtrI\tusdK;aus;Zl;rsm;udk
rodbJaeMuvdrfhrnf/ olwdkYonf MuD;us,faomtrIwpfpHkwpfckudk
jyKvkyfaeMuaMumif;rodrjrifMuacs/ olwdkYonf atmifjrifrItwGuf
rdrdwdkYudk,fwdkifüpdk;&drfylyefzdkYrvdk/ olwdkYonf a&SUodkYjidrfoufpGm
wdk;wufoGm;í bk&m;ocif\pDrHcefUcGJxm;aomtvkyfudk opömESifh
 trIaqmifjcif;ESifhtouf&Sifjcif; 115

aqmif&Guf&efom&Sdayonf/ ¤if;jyifolwdkY\toufwmonf
tcsnf;ESD;rjzpf&acs/ olwdkU\0dnmOfonf ocifc&pfawmf\
yHkoP²mefESifh wjznf;jznf;wdk;íwlnDvmvdrfhrnf/ olwdkYonf
þtoufwmü bk&m;ocifESifhtwl vkyfaz:aqmifzufrsm;jzpf
Muojzifh aemifvmvwHåUaomtoufwmumvü omíjrifhjrwf
aomtvkyfESifhoifhavsmfí rukefrcef;Edkifaompnf;pdrfcsrf;omudk
cHpm;&vdrfhrnf/

---000---
 bk&m;ocifudkoduRrf;jcif;ynm
116

bk&m;ocifonfrdrdudk,fawmfwdkiftaMumif;udk uREkfyfwdkYtm;
xif&Sm;ap&efaomfvnf;aumif;? uREfkyfwdkYtm; udk,fawmfwdkifESifh
qufqHrdwfo[m,zGJUap&efaomfvnf;aumif; &SmMuHaeawmfrlaom
enf;vrf;aygif;rsm;pGm&Sdayonf/ obm0avmuonf uREfkyfwdkYtm;
r&yfrem;bJ tm&Hkig;yg;tm;jzifhaz:jyvsuf&Sd\/ yGifhvif;aom
pdwfESvHk;onf bk&m;ocif\vufawmfESifhjyKjyifaomt&mrsm;
tm;jzifh xif&Sm;aomarwåmESifhbkef;awmftaMumif;wdkYudk
pGJjrJpGmrSwfrdowd&vdrfhrnf/ obm0\t&m0w¦Krsm;tm;jzifh bk&m;
ocifESifhqufoG,f&if;ESD;&jcif;trIudk toifh&Sdaomem;jzifhMum;od
em;vnfEdkif\/ pdrf;vef;aomv,fjyifrsm;? jrifhrm;aomopfyif
MuD;rsm;?tzl;tyGifhrsm;? vGifhoGm;aomrdk;wdrfrsm;? usqif;aom
rdk;a&rsm;? r&yfrem;pD;í toHjrnfaeaomacsmif;? aumif;uif\
bkef;awmfrsm;wdkYonf uREfkyfwdkY\pdwfESvHk;rsm;tm; bk&m;ocifh
taMumif;udkMum;ajymvsuf t&mcyfodrf;wdkYudkzefqif;awmfrlaom
t&SifESifhtuRrf;0if&ef uREfkyfwdkYtm;zdwfac:vsuf&Sd\/
uREfkyfwdkY\u,fwif&Sifonf rdrd\tzdk;xdkufaomoifcef;pm
rsm;udk obm0\t&mrsm;ESifhwGJí oGefoifawmfrl\/ vlwdkY\
rIa&;udpörsm;aMumifh pdk;&drfylyefjcif;ESifhjynfh0aomtoufwmüyif
udk,fawmf\oifcef;pmrsm;udk rMumcPrSwfrdowd&aprnf
taMumif; opfyifrsm;? iSufrsm;? vGifjyifrsm;wGif&Sdyef;yifrsm;?
awmawmifrsm;? a&uef? a&tdkifrsm;? vSywifhw,faomaumif;uif
wefqmrsm;ESifhwuG aeUpOftoufwm\tjzpftysuftawGUtMuHK
 bk&m;ocifudkoduRrf;jcif;ynm 117

rsm;? ywf0ef;usiftrItcif;rsm;wdkYonf or®mw&m;ESifhqufoG,f

vsuf&Sd\/
bk&m;ocifpDrHawmfrlaomtrIt&müvnf;aumif;? uREfkyf
wdkY\avmutdrfrsm;wGif jyifqifxm;onfh&dk;om;íqdwfjidrfaom
wifhw,fvSyjcif;üvnf;aumif; bk&m;ocif\om;orD;wdkYtm;
pdwf0ifpm;ESpfouftm;&apjcif;iSm bk&m;ocifonf tvdk&Sdawmf
rl\/ udk,fawmfonfvSywifhw,faomt&mrsm;udk ESpfoufawmf
rlí tjyiftytm;jzifh pdwfudkpGJvrf;apaomt&mtaygif;wdkYwGif
udk,fawmfonf tusifh\wifhw,fjcif;udk omíESpfoufawmfrl\/
uRekfyfwdkYü yef;yGifhrsm;\jidrfoufaomwifhw,fjcif;uJhodkUaom
&dk;om;jcif;ESifhjzLpifjcif;udkjzpfyGm;apjcif;iSm bk&m;ocifonf
tvdk&Sdawmfrl\/
uRefkyfwdkYuomem;axmifMuvQif bk&m;ocifzefqif;xm;
awmfrlaomtrIt&mrsm;wdkYonf uREfkyfwdkYtm;em;axmifjcif;?
,HkMunftm;udk;jcif;wdkYESifhoufqdkifaomoifcef;pmrsm;udk oGefoif
ay;Muvdrfhrnf/ v[mjyifMuD;xJwGif t&mrxifaomvrf;aMumif;
üpDrHcefUcGJxm;aomc&D;vrf;udk umvtqufqufavQmufvdkuf
aeMuaom Mu,feu©wfwm&mrsm;rS taoqHk;aomtPkjrLwdkif
atmif obm0\t&m0w¦Krsm;wdkYonf bk&m;ocif\tvdkawmfudk
vdkufemMu\/ ¤if;jyif bk&m;ocifonf t&mcyfodrf;udkMunfh&I
jyKpkawmfrlí zefqif;xm;awmfrlorQwdkYudk tpOfaxmufrxm;awmf
rl\/ tvGefus,fjyefYaomrdk;ukyfpuf0dkif;wpf0ef;vHk;wGif&Sd ra&
rwGufEdkifaomurmÇrsm;wdkYudk udkifpGJxm;awmfrlaomt&Sifonf
 okccsrf;omvrf;nTef 118

aMumuf&GHUjcif;r&SdbJ &dk;om;aomoDcsif;udkqdkaomiSufuav;udkyif
wpfcsdefwnf;ü apmifha&SmufauR;arG;awmfrl\/ olwdkYonf qkawmif;
aomtcgrSmuJhodkY rdrdwdkY\aeUpOfvkyfief;aqmifwmudkjyKvkyf&ef
xGufoGm;aomtcg nOfhütdyfaysmfaepOftcgESifh eHeuftdyf&mrS
xaomtcg <u,f0csrf;omaomolonf rdrd\crf;em;aomtdrf
MuD;ü pm;aomufyGJusif;yaepOftcg (odkYr[kwf) qif;&Jolonf
tenf;i,faompm;p&mudkoHk;aqmif&ef rdrd\om;orD;rsm;ESifhtwl
pk&Hk;aomtcg toD;toD;aomolwdkYtm; aumif;uifcrnf;awmf
onf Muifemapmifha&Smufvsufaeawmfrl\/ bk&m;ocif*&krpdkufbJ
aeaomrsuf&nfwpfaygufrQr&Sd/ udk,fawmfowdrrlaomtjyHK;
wpfcsufrQr&Sd/
uRefkyfwdkYuom þtcsufudkvHk;vHk;,HkMunfvQifrjzpfoifh
aompdk;&drfaMumifhMujcif;taygif;wdkYonf uG,faysmufoGm;Muvdrfh
rnf/ uRefkyfwdkY\toufwmrsm;onf ,ckuJhodkYpdwfysufjcif;trI
rsm;ESifhjynfh0aevdrfhrnfr[kwf/ taMumif;rlum; pdk;&drfylyefjcif;
trsdK;pHkwdkYtm;jzifh &IyfaxG;jcif;jzpfawmfrrlaom (odkYr[kwf) olwkdY\
0efxkyfrsm;tm;jzifh vTrf;rdk;oGm;awmfrrlaom bk&m;ocif\ vuf
awmfxJü MuD;onfjzpfap? i,fonfjzpfap t&mcyfodrf;wdkYonf
wnf&SdaeMu\/ xdktcguRefkyfwdkYonf 0dnmOfjidrfoufjcif;tcGifh
udk cHpm;&Muvdrfhrnf/ trsm;aomolwdkYonf MumjrifhpGm xdktcGifhta&;
udkr&&SdbJaecJhMujyD/
urmÇajrMuD;\ESpfoufzG,foam vSywifhw,fjcif;taMumif;
udk oif\tm&Hkig;yg;tm;jzifhod&Sd&aomtcg aemifumvü jzpfay:
 bk&m;ocifudkoduRrf;jcif;ynm 119

vmrnfhtjypfaMumifh ,dk,Gif;ysufpD;jcif;ESifhaojcif;wdkYonfr&Sd&m/
¤if;jyif obm0rsufESmjyifay:wGif usdefjcif;t&dyfta&mifrsm;udkrawGU
&awmhacs/ u,fwifjcif;cH&rnfholwdkYaep&mt&yfudk pdwful;jzifh
awG;Munfhyg/ oif\pdwfxJü taumif;qHk;awG;Edkifonfxuf
xdkt&yf\bkef;pnf;pdrfonf omícrf;em;xGef;awmufvdrfhrnf/
obm0wGif bk&m;ocifay;awmfrlonfhtrsdK;rsdK;aomvufaqmif
rsm;ü uREfkyfwdkYonf bk&m;ocif\bkef;awmftvif;udktrSdefqHk;
tajctaeüomjrif&Muao;\/ usrf;pmü þuJhodkYa&;om;xm;
\/ ]]bk&m;ocifudkcspfaomvlwdkYtzdkYtvdkYiSm bk&m;ocifjyifqif
awmfrlaomt&mwdkY vlrsufpdjzifhrjrif? em;jzifhrMum;? pdwfESvHk;jzifh
rMuHpnfao;/}} (1aum&defok 2;9)/
vuFmq&mESifhobm0avhvmolwdkYonf obm0taMumif;
rsm;pGma&;om;az:jyxm;Muonf/ odkU&mwGif rdrdcrnf;awmf\
vufawmfESifhjyKjyifawmfrlaomt&mrsm;udk rSwfrdowd&í yef;yGifh
rsm;? opfyifuav;rsm;ESifhopfyifMuD;rsm;wGif udk,fawmf\arwåm
awmfudkodjrif&MuaomaMumifh urÇmajrMuD;\vSywifhw,fjcif;ü
txl;ESpfoufpdwf0ifpm;jcif;&Sdvsuf ¤if;\tusdK;udkcHpm;&olonf
c&pf,mefjzpfonf/ awmifESifhvGifjyif? jrpfESifhyifv,fwdkYudk vltm;
bk&m;ocif\arwåmawmfudkaz:jyaomt&mrsm;uJhodkY oabmrxm;
aomolwpfa,mufrQ? ¤if;\xl;jcm;jcif;t"dyÜg,fudk vHk;vHk;ESpf
oufpdwf0ifpm;jcif;r&SdEdkif/
rdrdudk,fwdkif Munfh&IpDrHawmfrlaomt&mrsm;tm;jzifhvnf;
aumif;? pdwfESvHk;xJüjyKjyifpDrHawmfrlaom rdrd\0dnmOfawmftm;
 okccsrf;omvrf;nTef 120

jzifhvnf;aumif; bk&m;ocifonf uREfkyfwdkYtm;pum;ajymawmf

rl\/ uRefkyfwdkY\pdwfESvHk;rsm;uaom a0zefydkif;jcm;odem;vnf
vdkvQif uRefkyfwdkY\tajctaeESifhywf0ef;usif\tajctaersm;ü
vnf;aumif;? uRefkyfwdkYywfvnfü aeUpOfajymif;vJjzpfay:aeaom
trIrsm;üvnf;aumif; tzdk;xdkufaomoifcef;pmrsm;udk uRefkyfwdkY
awGUjrifEdkifMuonf/ bk&m;ocif\apmifha&SmufjyKpkjcif;trIrsm;udk
ppfaq;vsuf qmvHq&mu ]]ajrMuD;onf xm0&bk&m;\
aus;Zl;awmfESifhjynfh0vsuf&Sd\/}} (qmvHusrf; 33;5/) ]]tMuif
olonfynm&Sd\/ xdkolonf þtrIt&mudkjyifqifí xm0&
bk&m;\u&kPmaus;Zl;awmfudkem;vnfvdrfhrnf/}} (qmvHusrf;
107;43/) [kaz:jyxm;\/
bk&m;ocifonf uRefkyfwdkYtm; rdrd\EIwfxGufpum;awmf(or®
usrf;pm)xJrSwpfqifh pum;ajymawmfrl\/ þae&mü bk&m;ocif
\oabmawmf? *kPft*FgawmftaMumif;? vlwdkYESifhrdrdudk,fawmf
wdkif qufoG,fjyKvkyfawmfrlaom trIt&mtaMumif;ESifha&G;Ekwf
jcif;trIawmfMuD;taMumif;wdkYudk xifxif&Sm;&Sm; uRefkyfwdkYtm;
az:jyxm;awmfrl\/ þae&müa&S;bdk;ab;rsm;? yka&mzufrsm;ESifh
tjcm;oefU&Sif;aoma&S;vlMuD;rsm;wdkY\&mZ0ifudk uRefkyfwdkYtm;
xif&Sm;pGmzGifhjyxm;awmfrl\/ ]]olwdkYonf igwdkYuJhodkYaom
avmuw&m;üusifvnfaomol}} (,mukyf 5;17/) rsm;jzpfMu
\/ olwdkYonf uRefkyfwdkYenf;wl tm;avsmhpdwfysufzG,ftrIrsm;udk
rnfuJhodkUMudK;pm;wdkufvSefcJhMuí uRefkyfwdkYcH&onfenf;wl pHkprf;
aoG;aqmifjcif;udk rnfuJhodkUcH&vsuf qHk;&IH;cJhMuaomfvnf; &J&ifhaom
 bk&m;ocifudkoduRrf;jcif;ynm 121

pdwf&Sdvmjyefvsuf bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;awmftm;jzifh atmifjrif

vmMuaMumif;udk uRefkyfwdkYodjrif&Muonf/ ¤if;jyif xdkodkYodjrif
vm&Muojzifh uRefkyfwdkYonfajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;udk&&Sd&ef MudK;pm;
tm;xkwfMu&mwGif &J&ifhjcif;ESifhjynfhpHkvmMuonf/ olwdkYtm;
awGUMuHKapawmfrlcJhaomtzdk;wefA[kokwrsm;taMumif;? olwdkYcHpm;
&rnfhtvif;w&m;? arwåmESifhaumif;csD;r*Fvmrsm;taMumif;? olwdkY
tm;csay;aomqkaus;Zl;tm;jzifh olwdkYjyKvkyfcJhaomtvkyftaMumif;
wdkYudk uRefkyfwdkYzwf&Muaomtcg olwdkYudkEId;aqmfwdkufwGef;aom
oabmonf uRefkyfwdkY\pdwfESvHk;xJü oefU&Sif;aomwkjydKifjcif;
oabmwnf;[laomrD;vQHudk awmufavmifapvsuf tusifhwGif
olwdkYuJhodkYjzpfvdkaomqE´? olwdkYenf;wl bk&m;ocifESifhtwl
oGm;vmvkdaomqE´udkjzpfay:vmap\/

ocifa,&Iu "r®a[mif;usrf;ESifhywfoufí ]]xdkusrf;pmyif

ig\oufaojzpf\}} [krdefUawmfrl&mü? (a,m[ef 5;39)/
"r®opfusrf;u udk,fawmf\taMumif;udk rnfrQavmufomí
rSefuefpGmoufaocHvdrfhrnfenf;/ uRefkyfwdkYonf xm0&toufudk
&tHhaomiSm tm&Hkpl;pdkufum arQmfvifhaeMuaoma&G;Ekwf&Sifum;?
xdkusrf;rsm;üoufaocHxm;aom udk,fawmfyifjzpfawmfrl\/
usrf;pmwpftkyfvHk;u udk,fawmf\taMumif;oufaocHonfrSm
rSefygonf/ ]]zefqif;awmfrljcif;ESifhuif;aomt&mwpfpHkwpfckrQ
r&Sd}} (a,m[ef 1;3)/ aomaMumifh zefqif;jcif;aMumif;a&;rSwf
xm;aomyxrrSwfwrf;rSpí ]]igonftvsiftjrefvmrnf}}
(Asm 22;12/)[laom tqHk;owfuwdawmfwdkifatmif uRefkyfwdkYonf

okccsrf;omvrf;nTef 122
udk,fawmf\tvkyftudkifrsm;taMumif;udkzwf&í udk,fawmf\
pum;oHawmfudkMum;aeMu&onf/ oifonf u,fwif&SifESifh
tuRrf;0ifvmvdkvQif or®musrf;pmawmfjrwfudk aocsmpGm
avhusufyg/
pdwfESvHk;wpfckvHk;udk bk&m;ocif\EIwfxGufpum;awmfESifh
jynfhygap/ ¤if;onfjyif;xefaomoif\iwfrGwfjcif;udk ajyapaom
toufa&jzpf\/ ¤if;onfaumif;uifrSvmaomtoufrkefUjzpf\/
ocifa,&Iu? ]]vlom;\tom;udkrpm;? taoG;udkraomufvQif
oifwdkYütoufr&Sd}} (a,m[ef 6;53)[krdefYawmfrl\/ wpfzef
udk,fawmfu rdrdudk,fwdkiftaMumif;ESifhywfoufí ]]igajymaom
pum;onf 0dnmOfjzpf\/ toufvnf;jzpf\/}} (a,m 6;63)/
[k&Sif;vif;pGmaz:jyawmfrl\/ uRefkyfwdkY\udk,fum,onf uRefkyf
wdkYpm;aomufaomtm[m&rSjzpfay:vm\/ ¤if;jyif um,ESifh
qdkifaomrIa&;udpeö nf;wl 0dnmOfa&;udpöwGifvnf;jzpfayonf/
uRefkyfwdkYqifjcifatmufarhaomt&mtay:ütrSDjyKí uRefkyfwdkY\
0dnmOfa&;onf tpGrf;owdåESifhcGeftm;udk&&Sdvdrfhrnf/
a&G;Ekwfjcif;taMumif;onf aumif;uifwrefrsm;aphaphMunhf
&Iem;vnfvdkaomtcsufwpfckjzpfonf/ ¤if;onf rukefqHk;edkifaom
xm0&umvtqufquf a&G;Ekwfjcif;cH&olwdkYoduRrf;em;vnf
aomtcsufESifh oDqdka<u;aMumfaeaomtaMumif;t&mjzpfvdrfhrnf/
¤if;taMumif;udk ,ckaocsmpGmqifjcifavhvmzdkYroifhavsmfoavm/
ocifa,&I\u&kPmawmfESifharwåmawmf? ¤if;jyif uRekfyfwdkY
twGuf jyKawmfrlaomtoufpGefYjcif;trIudk av;eufMunfndKjrwf

bk&m;ocifudkoduRrf;jcif;ynm
123
Edk;pGmjzifh qifjcifowd&zdkYoifhayonf/ uRefkyfwdkYudka&G;Ekwfawmfrlí
Mum;zsefajzrIudkjyKaeawmfrlaomol\oabmawmfudk uRekfyfwdkY
onf pdwfxJüpGJjrJpGmrSwfom;vsufae&Murnf/ rdrd\vlwdkYudk
tjypfrSu,fEkwf&ef <uvmawmfrlaomt&Sif\trIawmfudk uRekfyf
wdkYonf qifjcifatmufarhvsufae&Murnf/ uRekfyfwdkYonf aumif;
uifESifhqdkifaomtaMumif;t&mMuD;rsm;udk xdkodkYMunfh&Iqifjcif
Muaomtcg uRekfyfwdkY\,HkMunfjcif;ESifharwåmonf omícdkifcHh
wnfjrJvmjyD; uRefkyfwdkY\qkawmif;csufrsm;onf ,HkMunfjcif;?
cspfjcif;wdkYESifh omía&maESmae&rnfjzpfaomaMumifh ¤if;wdkYudk
bk&m;ocifonf omívufcHawmfrlvdrfhrnf/ ¤if;wdkYonfodom
xif&Sm;í pdwftm;wufzG,fjzpfvdrfhrnf/ ocifa,&üomíI
,HkMunfudk;pm;jcif;ESifh udk,fawmftm;jzifh bk&m;ocifxHcsOf;uyf
aomolwdkYudku,fwifjcif;iSm tqHk;wdkifatmifwwfpGrf;Edkifawmf
rlaom udk,fawmf\bkef;awmfü aeUpOfudk,fwkdifcHpm;&aom
A[kokwudk&&SdMuvdrfhrnf/
uRekfyfwdkYonfu,fwif&Sif\pHkvifjcif;taMumif;rsm;udk
qifjcifatmufarhMuaomtcg udk,fawmf\oefU&Sif;aomyHkoP²mef
rsdK;wGif vHk;vHk;topfjyKjyifjcif;cH&zdkY tvdk&SdvmMuvdrfhrnf/ uRefkyf
wdkYMunfndKudk;uG,faomt&SifESifhwlnDvm&ef 0dnmOf\iwfrGwf
qmavmifjcif;&Sdvmvdrfhrnf/ uRekfyfwdkYonf ocifc&pfawmf\
taMumif;udk omíqifjcifpOf;pm;av uRefkyfwdkYonf udk,fawmf
\taMumif;udk olwpfyg;wdkYtm; omíajymjyvsuf avmutm;
udk,fawmf\taMumif;udk omíaz:jyavjzpf\/

okccsrf;omvrf;nTef 124
 usrf;pmawmfjrwfonf pmayvdkufpm;olwdkYtzdkYomjzpfonf
r[kwf/ &dk;&dk;vlrsm;twGufpDrHMuHpnfxm;awmfrl\/ u,fwif
jcif;twGufvdktyfaomor®mw&m;MuD;rsm;onf aerGef;wnfhtcsdef
uJhodkYxif&Sm;Muonf/ ¤if;jyif xif&Sm;pGmaz:jyxm;aom bk&m;
ocif\tvdkawmftpm; rdrda0zefcsufudkom vdkufemaomolwdkYrS
vGJí rnfolrqdk rSm;,Gif;í vrf;vGJoGm;vdrfhrnfr[kwf/
usrf;pmu rnfuJhodkYoGefoifonfhtaMumif; vlwpfpHkwpf
a,muf\oufaocHcsufudk uRekfyfwdkYonfr,ltyfbJ rdrdwdkYudk,f
wdkifod&Sd&ef bk&m;ocif\EIwfxGufpum;awmfudk avhusuf&Murnf/
uRefkyfwdkYonf rdrdwdkYudk,fwdkif pOf;pm;qifjcif&rnfhtrIudk tjcm;
olwdkYtm;jyKvkyfcdkif;vQif uRekfyfwdkY\cGeftm;owdårsm;onf csdKUwJhí
t&nftcsif;rsm;onfusHKUoGm;vdrfhrnf/ rsm;pGmpdwfvef;vmapzdkY
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okccsrf;omvrf;nTef 126

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okccsrf;omvrf;nTef
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okccsrf;omvrf;nTef 132

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qkawmif;jcif;tcGifhta&; 133

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okccsrf;omvrf;nTef 134

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a,&I\tzdk;xdkufwefaomtrItm;jzifh uRefkyfwdkYudku,fwifawmf
rlvdrfhrnf/ udk,fawmf\taoG;awmfonf uRefkyfwdkYu,fwif
awmfrlvdrfhrnf/ udk,fawmf\taoG;awmfonf uRefkyfwdkYudkaq;
aMumawmfrlvdrfhrnf/ odkY&mwGif uRefkyfwdkYudkvufcHrnftaMumif;
vdkufemjyKvkyfp&mtvkyfwpfck uRefkyfwdkYü&Sdayonf/
pdwftm;MuD;pGmqkawmif;jcif;wGif tjcm;t&nftcsif;wpfck
um; ,HkMunfjcif;jzpfonf/ ]]bk&m;ociftxHawmfodkYcsOf;uyf
aomolonf bk&m;ocif&Sdawmfrlonfukdvnf;aumif;? udk,fawmf
udk&Smaomoltm; tudsK;ay;awmfrlonfudkvnf;aumif; ,HkMun
&rnf/}} (a[jAJ 11;6)/ ocifa,&Iu rdrd\wynfhawmfwdkYtm;?
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orQwdkYudk&Muvdrfhrnf}} [krdefYawmfrl\/ (rmuk 11;24)/ uRefkyf
wdkYonf udk,fawmf\pum;twdkif;jyKMuoavm/
uwdcH0efcsufonf us,f0ef;í tuefYtowfr&Sdacs/
¤if;jyif uwdxm;awmfrlaomt&Sifonf opömESifhjynfhpHkawmfrl\/
uRefkyfwdkYonf qkawmif;aomtcsdefü awmif;onftwdkif;r&bJ
&SdaeMuaomtcg xm0&bk&m;on fem;anmif;awmfrlí uRefkyfwdkY
awmif;qdkcsufudkvdkufavsmawmfrlrnf[k uREfkyfwdkYu,HkMunfvsuf

qkawmif;jcif;tcGifhta&; 135

&Sdae&Murnf/ uRefkyfwdkYonftvGefrSm;,Gif;vsuf tjrifusOf;wwf

Muojzifh uRekfyfwdkYtzdkYaumif;csD;r*Fvmrjzpfedkifaomt&mudk
wpfcgwpf&Hawmif;wwfMuonf/ xdktcg uRefkyfwdkY\aumif;uif
crnf;awmfonf uREfkyfwdkY\aumif;usdK;tvdkiSm tjrwfqHk;aom
t&mudkarwåmESifhcsay;awmfrlonf/ ¤if;wdkYum;? uRefkyfwdkYonf
bk&m;ocifxHrS&&Sdaomtvif;w&m;tm;jzifh t&mcyfodrf;wdkYudk
rdrdwdkY\tajctaerSeftwdkif;jrif&MuvQif rdrdwdkYudk,fwdkifyif
tvdk&SdMurnfht&mrsm;jzpfownf;/ uRekfkyfwdkY\qkawmif;csufrsm;
twdkif;r&&Sdao;[kxifMuvQif uRefkyfwdkYonf uwdawmfudk
qufvufpGJudkifxm;&Murnf/ taMumif;rlum;qkawmif;oHudk
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wdkYonf rdrdwdkYütvdkqHk;aomt&mudk&&SdMuvdrfhrnf/ odkY&mwGif
uRefkyfwdkYtvdk&Sdonftwdkif; qkawmif;csufudktpOfojzifh vdkufavsm
vdrfhrnf[laomtcsufonf txiftjrifrQomjzpfonf/ bk&m;
ocifonf rrSm;Edkifavmufatmif tvGefxl;uJpGmynmOmPfESifh
jynfhpkHawmfrlí ajzmifhrSefpGmusihfaomolwdkYtm; aumif;aomt&m
wdkYudk ray;bJuaeedkifavmufatmif tvGefyifaumif;jrwfawmfrl
\/ xdkaMumifh oif\qkawmif;csufudkcsufcsif;vdkufavsmawmfrl
onfudk rawGU&aomfvnf; bk&m;ocifudk,HkMunftm;udk;&ef
pdwfrysufygESifh/ ]]awmif;Muavmh? awmif;vQif&rnf}} (r 7;7)/
[lonfh aocsmaomuwdawmfukdtm;udk;yg/
uRefkyfwdkYonf,HkMunfjcif;r&Sdao;bJrdrdwdkYudk,fwdkifaocsm
pGmrjrifEdkifao;aomt&m&SdorQwdkYudk ,HkrSm;jcif;? pdk;&drfjcif;ESifh

okccsrf;omvrf;nTef 136

aqG;aEG;jcif; (odkYr[kwf) ajz&Sif;jcif;jyKMuvQif ¤if;onf omí

&IyfaxG;cufcJvmvdrfhrnf/ odkY&mwGif uRefkyfwdkYonf rdrdwdkYü
wu,fyifjzpfysufaeonftwdkif; rdrdwdkY\tm;udk;&mrJhjzpfí tjcm;
olwdkYudkrSDcdkae&onfhtjzpfudkodem;vnfvsuf bk&m;ociftxHawmf
odkYcsOf;uyfjyD;aemuf xm0&bk&m;ociftm; uRefkyfwdkYüvdkaomt&mrsm;
udkESdrhfcsjcif;? ,HkMunftm;udk;jcif;ESifhaz:jyawmif;yefvQif bk&m;
ocifonf uRefkyfwdkY\a<u;aMumfoHudkem;anmif;Edkifí uRefkyfwdkY\
pdwfESvHk;xJodkYtvif;w&m;udk xGef;awmufapawmfrlvdrfhrnf/
pdwfygpGmqkawmif;jcif;jzifh uREfkyfwdkYonf tptqHk;&Sdawmfrlaom
t&SifESifhpdwfoabmcsif; qufoG,fcGifh&Muavonf/ uRefkyfwdkY\
a&G;ekwf&Sifonf uREfkyfwdkYtay:üMuifemjcif;? cspfjcif;ESifhiHkYMunfh
aeawmfrlaomtcsdefwGif uRefkyfwdkYüxl;jcm;aomtaMumif;t&m
rxif&Sm;aomfvnf; udk,fawmfonf wu,fyif xdkodkYjyKawmfrl\/
uRefkyfwdkYonf udk,fawmf\udkifwG,fjcif;udkrod&Muaomfvnf;
udk,fawmfonf rdrdvufawmfudk uREfkyfwdkYtay:ücspfjcif;? oem;
Muifemjcif;ESifhwiffxm;vsuf&Sdawmfrl\/

uRefkyfwdkYonfbk&m;ocifxHawmfrS u&kPmESifhaumif;csD;
r*Fvmudkawmif;avQmuf&efcsOf;uyfMuaomtcg uRefkyfwdkY\pdwf
ESvHk;xJü cspfwwfaomoabm? tjypfvTwfwwfaomoabmrsm;
&Sd&rnf/ uRefkyfwdkYütjypfrvTwfwwfaompdwfoabm&Sdaeao;vQif

qkawmif;jcif;tcGifhta&; 137

]]olwpfyg;onf tuRefkyfwdkYudkjypfrSm;aomtjypfrsm;udk tuRekfyf

wdkYonfvTwfouJhodkY tuRefkyfwdkY\tjypfrsm;udk vTwfawmfrlyg}}
(róJ 6;12/) [lí uRekfyfwdkYonfqkawmif;EdkifMuOD;rnfavm/
uRefkyfwdkY\qkawmif;oHudkem;anmif;apzdkY uRefkyfwdkYarQmfvifhMuvQif
tjypfudkvnf;vTwf&Murnf/
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cHpm;&jcif;\taMumif;&if;wpfckjzpf\/ uRekfyfwdkYonf ,HkMunfjcif;ü
vnf;aumif;? udk,fawGUA[kokwüvnf;aumif; wdk;yGm;vdkvQif
tpOftjrJqkawmif;&Murnf/ uRefkyfwdkYonf ]]qkawmif;
jcif;trIudktjrJjyK&Murnf}} (a&mr 12;12)/ ]]qkawmif;
jci;ftrIudktjrJjyKí aus;Zl;awmfudkcsD;rGrf;vsuf apmifha&Smuf&
Murnf/}} (aumavmoJ 4;2)/ &Sifayw&ku? ]]owd&SdMuavmh/
qkawmif;jcif;tvdkiSm apmifhaeMuavmh}} [k,HkMunfaom
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]]t&m&müaus;Zl;awmfukd csD;rGrf;jcif;ESifhwuG qkawmif;jcif;
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tm;Mum;avQmufMuavmh}} [knTefMum;xm;\/ (zdvdydÜ 4;6/)
&Sif,k'u? ]]cspfolwdkY? oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmftm;jzifh qkawmif;
rIudkjyKvsuf bk&m;ocifudkcspfjcif;arwåmü udk,fudkapmifha&Smuf
Muavmh}} [kaz:jyxm;\/ (,k' 20;21/) rjcm;rvyfqkawmif;
jcif;trIonf vltm; bk&m;ocifESifhtqufrjywfqufoG,fpnf;vHk;
apojzifh bk&m;ocifxHawmfrStoufonf uRefkyfwdkY\udk,fxJodkY

okccsrf;omvrf;nTef 138

0ifa&mufí uRefkyfwdkY\toufrSoefY&Sif;jzLpifjcif;onf bk&m;

ocifxHawmfodkYa&muf&SdoGm;jyefonf/
qkawmif;jcif;trIwGif MudK;pm;tm;xkwfzdkYvdkayonf/ oifh
tm;tb,f&murQ rwm;qD;raESmifh,SufygapESifh/ oif\pdwf
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tm;xkwfyg/ qkawmif;jcif;trIudkjyKvkyfrnfhae&mwdkif;odkY oGm;Edkif
zdkYMudK;pm;yg/ bk&m;ocifESifhqufqHrdwfo[m,zGJY&ef {ueftrSef
MudK;pm;aomolwdkYonf qkawmif;pnf;a0;ütjrJ&SdMuí rdrdwdkY\
wm0efudkopömESifhaqmif&Gufvsuf rdrdwdkY&EdkifaomtudsK;aus;Zl;
rsm;udkvufcH&ef pdwftm;xufoefí pdwfapmvsuf&SdaeMuonfudk
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ü rdrdwdkYudk,fwdkifa&muf&Sdaeap&ef tcGifhta&;&SdorQudk olwdkYonf
wdk;í&SmazGMuvdrfhrnf/
uRefkfyfwdkYonftdrfaxmifom;rsm;pk&Hk;í qkawmif;&Murnf/
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ojzifhrarhavsmhoifhay/ ¤if;trIonf0dnmOftoufjzpfonf/ qk
awmif;jcif;trIudkarhavsmhtcg 0dnmOfonf touf&Sifvsuf
wdk;yGm;zdkY&efrwwfEdkif/ tdrfaxmifESifh(odkYr[kwf)vltrsm;ESifhqkawmif;
jcif;onf rvHkavmufao;/ qdwfjidrfaomae&mwGif 0dnmOfonf
Munfh&Ippfaq;awmfrlwwfaom bk&m;ocif\rsufarSmufawmfü
rdrd\pdwfxJwGif&Sdaomt&mudkzGifhjyygap/ vQdKU0SufwdwfqdwfpGm
qkawmif;oHudkem;anmif;&ef toifh&Sdawmfrlaombk&m;ocif
omvQif Mum;Edkifawmfrl\/ xdkufuJhodkYawmif;avQmufoHrsm;\wm0ef

qkawmif;jcif;tcGifhta&; 139

udk jcm;em;aomem;onf rcH,lEdkif/ wdwfqdwfvQdKU0SufpGmqkawmif;

jcif;trIü ywf0ef;usif\aeSmifh,SufrIrsm;? pdwfx<up&mtcsuf
rsm;r&Sdacs/ jidrfoufwnfMunfí pdwftm;MuD;pGmawmif;avQmuf
jcif;jzpfí ¤if;onfbk&m;ocifxHtrSefa&mufvdrfhrnf/ rxifr&Sm;
aomt&mudkodjrifawmfrlí pdwfESvHk;xJuxGufvmaomqkawmif;
csufudkem;anmif;&ef toifh&Sdawmfrlaomt&SifxHawmfrS ESpfouf
zG,fjzpfí tjrJwnfaeaomwefcdk;onf tpOfxGufvmvdrfhrnf/
wnfMunf&dk;om;pGm,HkMunfjcif;jzifh 0dnmOfonf bk&m;ocifESihf
qufqHcGifh&vsuf pmwefESifhwdkifcdkuf&mwGif cGeftm;udk&&SdwnfjrJ
ap&ef rdrdudk,fwdkifbk&m;ocifxHawmfrS tvif;a&mifjcnfrsm;udkpk&Hk;
apvdrfhrnf/ bk&m;ocifonf uRekfyfwdkY\cGeftm;wnf;[laom
&Jwdkufjzpfawmfrl\/
oif\vHkjcHKaomtcef;wGif qdwfjidrfpGmqkawmif;yg/ oif
onfaeYpOfvkyfief;rsm;udkaqmif&GufaepOf rMumcPbk&m;ocif
xHodkY oif\pdwfESvHk;udkoufa&mufoGm;ygap/ xdkenf;jzifh {aemuf
onf bk&m;ocifESifhtwloGm;vm\/ þodkYwdwfqdwfpGmqkawmif;
jcif;trIonf aus;Zl;awmfyv’ifa&SUü tzdk;xdkufwefaomeHYom
aygif;teHYuJhodkYwufvsuf&Sd\/ rdrd\pdwfESvHk;udkbk&m;ociftay:
ü xdkodkYpGJjrJwnf&SdapaomolwdkYudk pmwefonfratmifEdkif&m/
bk&m;ociftm; rdrdwdkYvdkaomt&mudktoem;cH&ef rnfonfh
ae&m? rnfonfhtcdsefrQroifhavsmf[lír&Sdacs/ pdwftm;MuD;pGmjzifh
qkawmif;vQif uRefkyfwdkYpdwfü&Sdaomt&mudk bk&m;ocifxHavQmuf
xm;jcif;trIudk rnfonfht&mrQrwm;qD;Edkif/ ae[rdonf rdrd

okccsrf;omvrf;nTef 140

tvdk&Sdaomt&mudk tmwaZ&Zfrif;MuD;a&SUawmfü avQmufxm;

aepOf jyKvkyfonfenf;wl vrf;üvltpkta0;xJwGifvnf;aumif;?
tvkyftudkifvkyfaeonfhtcgwGifvnf;aumif; uREfkyfwdkYonf bk&m;
ocifxHtoem;cHvsuf rdrdwdkYtm;vrf;jyoGefoifawmfrl&ef avQmuf
xm;EdkifMuonf/ uREfkyfwdkYonf b,frSmyJaeonfjzpfap bk&m;ocif
ESifh&if;ESD;pGmqufoG,fEdkifonf/ ocifa,&Ionf 0dnmOfxJü
aumif;uifrS{nfhonftjzpfESifhvma&mufudef;atmif;aeawmfrlrnf
taMumif; uREfkyfwdkYonf rdrdwdkY\pdwfESvHk;wHcg;udkzGifhxm;í
zdwfac:jcif;jyK&Murnf/
uRefkyfwdkY\ywf0ef;usifonf pGef;xif;ysufpD;jcif;ESifhjynfh0
aeaomfvnf; uRefkyfwdkYonf teHHYtoufudkr&lSir&Iduf&MubJ
aumif;uifrSoefY&Sif;aomavxJwGif touf&SifvsufaeMurnf/
pdwfygpGmqkawmif;&mü uREfkyfwdkY\pdwfESvHk;udkbk&m;ocifxH
jrSifhwifay;vdkufjcif;jzifh uREfkyfwdkYonf rpifMu,froefY&Sif;aom
awG;qMuHpnfcsuf&SdorQwdkYudk wm;qD;ydwfyifxm;EdkifMuonf/
bk&m;ocif\axmufyHhulnDjcif;ESifh aumif;csD;r*FvmudkvufcH&ef
rdrdwdkY\pdwfESvHk;udkzGifhxm;aomolwdkYonf ajrMuD;ay:rSmxufomí
oefY&Sif;aomywf0ef;usifwGif oGm;vmMuvdrfhrnf/ ¤if;jyif
aumif;uifESifhtjrJqufoG,fvsuf&SdMuvdrfhrnf/
uRefkyfwdkYonfocifa,&ItaMumif;udk omíxif&Sm;pGmodjrif
jyD; xm0&umvüwu,fyifjzpfrnfht&mrsm;\wefzdk;udk omí
jynfhpHkpGmodem;vnfzdkYoifhayonf/ bk&m;ocifhom;orD;wdkY\pdwf
ESvHk;xJü oefY&Sif;aomwifhw,fjcif;ESifh jynfh0&rnf/ ¤if;jyif

qkawmif;jcif;tcGifhta&; 141

þuJhodkYjzpfajrmufap&ef aumif;uift&mwdkYudk bk&m;ocifu

zGifhjyawmfrlzdkY uRefkyfwdkYMudK;pm;&Murnf/
bk&m;ocifonf uRefkyfwdkYtm; aumif;uifteHYtoufudk
&I&IdufzdkY tcGifhjyKawmfrlrnftaMumif; uREfkyfwdkY\pdwf0dnmOfudk
txufodkYwufoGm;ygap/ yef;yGifhonf aebufodkYvSnfhaeonf
enf;wl rarQmfvifhaompHkprf;aESmifh,Sufjcif;trIwdkif;wGif uREfkyf
wdkY\tMuHtpnfrsm;onf bk&m;ocifbufodkYvSnfhaeMurnf
taMumif; uRefkyfwdkYonf bk&m;ocifESifheD;uyfpGmaeoifhonf/
oifüvdktyfaomt&mrsm;onf oif\0rf;ajrmufjcif;?
0rf;enf;jcif;? pdk;&drfylyefaMumufvefYjcif;trIrsm;wdkYudk bk&m;ocif
a&SYawmfütjrJzGifhjyavmh? Oifonf bk&m;ociftm;0efav;í
yifyef;jcif;rjzpfapEdkif/ oif\acgif;ay:ü&SdaomqHyifrsm;udka&
wGufEdkifawmfrlaomt&Sifonf rdrdom;orD;rsm;üvdkaomt&mrsm;udk
trIrxm;bJaeawmfrrlyg/ ]]xm0&bk&m;onf tvGefoem;pHkruf
awmfrl\/}} (,mukyf? 5;11/) arwåmawmfESifhjynfh0aomudk,f
awmf\ESvHk;onf uREfkyfwdkY\0rf;enf;jcif;trI? xdktaMumif;udk
uREfkyfwdkYrajym&HkrQ jyKjcif;trItm;jzifh xdcdkufjcif;cHawmfrl&\/
pdwfudk&IyfaxG;apaomt&m&SdorQwdkYudk udk,fawmfxHodkY,laqmif
oGm;yg/udk,fawmfonfavmu"gwfwdkYudkpGJudkifxm;vsufrdk;ukyfpuf0dkif;
\trIudpötaygif;wdkYudk pDrHtkyfcsKyfawmfrlojzifh b,ft&mrQ
udk,fawmftzdkY 0efav;onfr[kwf/ uRefkyfwkdY\jidrf;csrf;a&;ESifh
qdkifaomtrIwpfpHkwpfckrQ udk,fawmftrIrxm;Edkifavmufatmif
ao;i,fMuonfr[kwf/ uRefkyfwdkY\dudk,fawGYtjzpftysufrsm;wGif

okccsrf;omvrf;nTef 142

udk,fawmfrMunfh&IEdkifavmufatmif rnfonfhtcef;rQ arSmifrdkuf

raeMuyg/ udk,fawmfrajz&Sif;Edkifavmufatmif cufcJaomt&Iyf
taxG;rsm;vnf; wpfpHkwpfckrQr&Sdyg/ uRefkyfwdkY\aumif;uif
crnf;awmf*&kpdkufawmfrrl (odkYr[kwf) csufcsif;ta&;r,lbJ
rnfonfhab;wpfpHkwpf&mrQ rdrd\om;orD;wdkYtay:rouf
a&mufEdkif/ rnfonfhpdk;&dyfylyefjcif;rQ 0dnmOfudkraESmifh,Suf/
rnfonfh0rf;ajrmufjcif;rQ r&TifjrL;? rnfonfh&dk;om;aomqkawmif;
orQEIwfrSrvGwfajrmufEdkif&m/ ]]pdwfaMurGaomolwdkYudkESpfodrfhapí
olwdkY\temudkukawmfrl\/}} (qmvHusrf; 147;3)/ rdrdcspfawmf
rlaomom;awmfudkpGefYawmfrljcif;trIü rdrdtjyif tjcm;oltudsK;
rcHpm;tyfouJhodkY bk&m;ocifESifh0dnmOftoD;toD;wdkY\qufoG,f
rIonf xif&Sm;jynfhpHkav\/
 ocifa,&Iu ]]oifwdkYonf ig\emrudktrSDjyKí qkawmif;
Muvdrfhrnf/ oifwdkYtzdkYtvdkiSm igonfcrnf;awmfudkawmif;rnf
[krqdk/ taMumif;rlum;? crnf;awmfonf udk,fawmfwdkif
oifwdkYudkcspfawmfrl\/}} (a,m[ef 16;26?27)/ ]]igonf
oifwdkYudka&G;aumufojzifhUUUUUUUUUig\emrudktrSDjyKí crnf;awmfrSm
awmif;orQwdkYudk&rnftaMumif; oifwdkYudkigcefYxm;\/}}
(a,m[ef 15;16) [krdefYawmfrl\/ odkY&mwGif ocifa,&I\emrü
qkawmif;jcif;qdkonfrSm? qkawmif;jcif;\tpESifhtqHk;ü
udk,fawmf\emrudk>rufqdk&HkomjyKjcif;xuf omaomtrIwpfpHkwpfck
jzpfonf/ uRefkyfwdkYonf udk,fawmf\uwdawmfrsm;udk,HkMunfvsuf
udk,fawmf\aus;Zl;awmfudktm;udk;rSDcdkí udk,fawmf\trIawmfukd

qkawmif;jcif;tcGifhta&; 143

xrf;aqmifaeMupOf ocifa,&I\pdwfoabmrsdK;ESifhqkawmif;&
rnfudkqdkvdkonf/
uRefkyfwdkYwGif wcsdKUwdkYonfq&mMuD;orm;MuD;jzpfvmí
bk&m;ocifudk0wfjyKudk;uG,fjcif;trIü pdwfyg0ifpm;jcif;&Sdvm&ef
avmuxJrSxGufvm&Murnf[k bk&m;ocifu qdkvdkawmfrrlyg/
uRefkyfwdkY\toufwmonf ocifc&pfawmf\toufwmrsdK;ESifh
wl&rnf/ qdwfuG,f&mawmifay:ESifh vltpkta0;wdkYtxJwGif
oGm;csnfvmcsnfESifhtcsdefukefapaomtoufwmrsdK;jzpf&rnf/
bmrQrjyKvkyfbJ qkawmif;jcif;trIudkom jyKaeaomolonf
rMumrDqkawmif;jcif;trIudk&yfpJapvdrfhrnf? (odkYr[kwf) ol\
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okccsrf;omvrf;nTef 144

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\/ uRefkyfwdkYonf c&pf,meftcsif;csifaygif;oifqufqH&mwGif
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qkawmif;jcif;tcGifhta&; 145

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okccsrf;omvrf;nTef 146

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qkawmif;jcif;tcGifhta&; 147

a&S;tcgumvu £oa&vvlwdkYonf bk&m;ociftm;

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uRefkyfwdkY\bk&m;ocifonf oem;jcif;u&kPmESifhjynfhpHk
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okccsrf;omvrf;nTef 148

ocif\om;orD;wdkYtm; bk&m;ocifudk0wfjyKudk;uG,f&mü pdwf

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udk&&SdEdkifrnftaMumif; xm0&bk&m;onf tvdk&Sdawmfrl\/
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odem;vnfvmMuaomtcg uRefkyfwdkYtwGufvuf0g;uyfwdkifü
&dkufxm;jcif;cH&aom vufawmfrsm;xJodkY t&mcyfodrf;&SdorQudk
uRekfyfwdkYonf tyfESHxm;zdkYtvdk&SdMuvdrfhrnf/
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aumif;uifESifhomíeD;uyfpGmwufa&mufoGm;Edkifvdrfhrnf/ aumif;uif

qkawmif;jcif;tcGifhta&; 149

AdrmefawmfxJü bk&m;ocifonf oDcsif;ESifhwl&d,mrsm;tm;jzifh

csD;rGrf;vsuf 0wfjyKudk;uG,fjcif;udkcH,lawmfrl\/ ¤if;jyif uRekfyf
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uRefkyfwdkY\udk;uG,fenf;onf aumif;uifom;wdkY\0wfjyKenf;
avmufeD;pyfvmav\/ ]]aus;Zl;awmfcsD;rGrf;jcif;,ZfudkylaZmfaom
olonf bk&m;ocif\bkef;awmfudkxif&Sm;apaomoljzpf\/ }}
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wdkYcsOf;uyfMupdkY/}} (a[&S, 51;3)/

---000---
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,HkrSm;oHo,pdwfuif;a0;a&; 151

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okccsrf;omvrf;nTef 152

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,HkrSm;oHo,pdwfuif;a0;a&; 153

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aomt&SifuJhodkYyif uefYowfxm;aomOmPfESifhjynfhpHkaomowå0g
rsm;u tjynfhpHkb,ftcgrQem;rvnfEdkifaom eufeJ&mESifhjynfh0
vsuf&Sdonf/ or®musrf;pmwGif az:jyxm;onfhavmuxJodkY
tjypfw&m;0ifa&mufjcif;? ocifc&pfawmf\vlZmwdtjzpfarG;zGm;
awmfrljcif;? topfarG;zGm;jcif;? xajrmuf&Sifjyefjcif;ESifh tjcm;
aomtaMumif;t&mwdkYrlum; vl\OmPfjzifh&Sif;vif;az:jy&ef
(odkYr[kwf) jynfhpHkpGmem;vnfEdkif&ef tvGefw&myifcufcJeufeJaom
t&mrsm;jzpfMuayonf/odkY&mwGif uRekfyfwdkYonf bk&m;ocifpDrH
awmfrlaomeufeJ&mrsm;udk rodem;rvnfEdkifaomaMumifh bk&m;
ocif\EIwfxGufpum;awmfudk uRekfyfwdkYonf ,HkrSm;p&mtaMumif;
r&Sdacs/ obm0avmuMuD;wGif uRekfyfwdkYcsifhcsdefawG;qjcif;iSm
 okccsrf;omvrf;nTef 154

rwwfEdkifaomeufeJ&mrsm;ESifh uRefkyfwdkYonf tjrJ0ef;&Hvsuf&Sdae

Muonf/ touf&Sifaomowå0gwdkYwGif ti,fqHk;? t,kwfqHk;
aomt&muav;\tcuftcJudkyif ynmt&SdqHk;yg&*lwdkYyif ajz&Sif;
jcif;iSm tpGrf;owdår&SdMuyg/ uRefkyfwdkYrodem;rvnfEdkifavmuf
atmif tHhMozG,faumif;aomt&mrsm;onf ae&mwdkif;rSm&SdMuyg
onf/ 0dnmOfa&;avmuüvnf; uRekfyfwkdYrodEdkifaomeufeJ&m
rsm;&Sdonfudk uRefkyfwdkYonf tHhMooifhMuovm;/ vl\OmPfonf
tm;enf;í usOf;ajrmif;aomaMumif;om ¤if;wdkYudkem;rvnfEdkif&ef
cJ,Of;Muonf/ bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\om;awmf? bkef;awmf
taMumif;udk usrf;pmwGifvHkavmufpGmaz:jyawmfrlí uRefkyfwdkYonf
bk&m;ocifpDrHcsay;awmfrlaom eufeJ&mtaygif;wdkYudkem;vnf
EdkifaomaMumifh uRefyfwdkYonf bk&m;ocif\EIwfxGufpum;awmf
udk ,HkrSm;oHo,jzpfzdkYroifh/
usrf;pmxJü ]]cufcJaomt&mtcsdKU&Sd\/ rwwfaomol?
wnfMunfjcif;r&SdaomolwdkYonf usrf;pm\teufudkarSmufvSefí
udk,fudkudk,fzsufwwfMu\}} [kwrefawmfayw&kuaz:jyxm;
\/ (2ay 3;16/) r,HkMunfaomolwdkYu usrf;pm\cufcJeufeJ
aomt&mrsm;onf or®musrf;pmtkyfrSm;aMumif; cdkifvHkaom
taMumif;&if;rsm;jzpfonf[k qifajcay;Muonf/ odkY&mwGif
xdkodkYr[kwfbJ ¤if;wdkYonf usrf;pmtkyfudk bk&m;ocifrIwfoGif;
awmfrlaMumif; omícdkifvHkaomoufaorsm;jzpfMuonf/ ¤if;wGif
bk&m;ocif\taMumif;t&mrsm;rygbJ uRefkyfwdkYtvG,fwul
od&Sdedkifaomt&mrsm;omyg&SdvQif usrf;pmtkyfonf bk&m;ocif
 ,HkrSm;oHo,pdwfuif;a0;a&; 155

udk,fawmfwdkifpDrHa&;om;awmfrlaMumif; rrSm;Edkifaomoufaoudk
az:jyvdrfhrnfr[kwf/ usrf;pmxJwGifyg&SdaomtaMumif;t&mrsm;
\MuD;us,fcrf;em;jcif;ESifh eufeJjcif;trIwdkYonf ¤if;usrf;pmudk
bk&m;ocif\EIwfxGufpum;awmftjzpfESifh ,HkMunftm;udk;aom
pdwfoabmudkjzpfyGm;vmapvdrfhrnf/
or®musrf;pmonf vlwkdYtvdk&Sdí awmifhwaeaomt&mwdkY
udkjynfhpHkap&ef or®mw&m;udkvG,fulpGmaz:jyxm;ayonf/xdkor®m
w&m;onf yg&*lajrmufatmif tvGefwwfajrmufoduRrf;em;vnf
aomolwdkYudkyif tHhMordef;armapaomfvnf; ynmOmPfenf;yg;í
atmufwef;usaomolwdkYtm; u,fwif&mvrf;udk aumif;pGmod&Sd
em;vnf;apavjyD/ odkU&mwGif þodkYvG,fulpGmaz:jyxm;aom
or®mw&m;rsm;wdkYonf vlwdkY\odem;vnfEdkifaomOmPfynmESifh
cGeftm;owdåxuf teuft"dyÜg,fwdkYwGif tvGefjrifhrm;? tvSrf;
a0;vsuf tptqHk;r&SdaomtcsufMuD;rsm;ay:wGif trSDjyKvsuf
aeMuonf/ ¤if;tcsufMuD;rs;rSmvnf; bk&m;ocifuaz:jy
rdefY>rufawmfrlaomaMumifhom uRefkyfwdkYonf ¤if;wdkYudkcH,l&Mu
ayonf/bk&m;ocifpDrHawmfrlonfhenf;twdkif; u,fwifjcif;cH&
&ef 0dnmOfwdkif;onf aemifw&jcif;trIü bk&m;ocifxHawmfodkY
vnf;aumif;? ,HkMunfjcif;trIü ocifa,&IxHawmfodkYvnf;
aumif; ajcvSrf;EdkifMurnftaMumif; xdkenf;tm;jzifh a&G;Ekwfjcif;
tMuHawmfudk uRekfyfwdkYtm;xif&Sm;pGmaz:jyawmfrljyD/ odkY&mwGif
tvG,fwulodem;vnfEdkifaom þor®mw&m;rsm;atmufü bk&m;
ocifhbkef;awmfudk0Sufxm;aomeufeJ&mrsm;? ¤if;wdkYudk&SmazGpl;prf;
 okccsrf;omvrf;nTef 156

&mü vl\OmPfudkvTrf;rdk;oGm;aomfvnf; or®mw&m;udkpdwfygpGm

&SmazGolwdkYüaojcif;? ,HkMunftm;udkjcif;trIwdkYudk jzpfyGm;apaom
eufeJ&mrsm;wnf&Sdaeayonf/ olonf or®musrf;pmudkwdk;í&SmazG
pl;prf;av ¤if;onf touf&Sifawmfrlaombk&m;ocifhEIwfxGufpum;
awmfjzpfaMumif; olonfomíodjrifem;vnfvmavjzpf\/ ¤if;jyif
vl\awG;qqifjcifrIwdkYonf bk&m;ocifhaz:jycsuf\jrifhjrwf
jcif;tjzpfudkrrDEdkifojzifh vufavQmh&Muavonf/
or®musrf;pm\w&m;rsm;udk uRekfyfwkdYonf jynfhpHkpGmjzifh
em;rvnfEdkif[k0efcHjcif;rlum; uefYowfxm;aomOmPfonf
tuefYtowfr&SdaomOmPfawmfudkvSrf;&efrxdkuf[k 0efcHjcif;om
jzpf\/ uefYowfxm;aomOmPfESifhjynfhpHkaomvlonf OmPf
ynmESifhjynhfpHkawmfrlaomt&Sif\&nf&G,fcsufrsm;udkem;rvnf
Edkif[k0efcHjcif;jzpfonf/
r,HkMunfaomolwkYdonf usrf;pm\eufeJaomt&m&SdorQ
wdkYudk em;rvnfEdkifaomMumifh olwdkYonfbk&m;ocif\EIwfxGufpum;
awmfudkjiif;y,fMuonf/ ¤if;jyif usrf;pmudk,HkMunfonf[kqdkae
Muaomoltm;vHk;wdkYonf þtcsufüaumif;Muonfr[kwf/ wref
awmfaygvku? ]]nDtpfudkwdkY? oifwdkYonf touf&Sifawmfrlaom
bk&m;ocifxHawmfrSxGufcGmjcif;tm;jzifh r,HkMunfwwf? qdk;npf
aompdwfESvHk;r&Sdapjcif;iSmowdjyKMuavmh}} [kajymqdk\/ (a[jAJ
3;12/) or®musrf;pm\oGefoifcsufrsm;udk aocsmpGmppfaq;&Sm
azGavhvm&ef oifhavsmfayonf/ ¤if;jyif usrf;pmxJüaz:jyxm;
orQtwdkif; ]]bk&m;ocif\eufeJaomt&mrsm;}} udkvnf;pl;prf;
 ,HkrSm;oHo,pdwfuif;a0;a&; 157

&SmazGppfaq;zdkYoifhayonf/ (1aum&defok 2;10/) ]]rxifr&Sm;

aomt&mwdkYonf igwdkYbk&m;ocifxm0&bk&m;\tief;twm
jzpfMuaomfvnf; az:jyawmfrlaomt&mwdkYonfUUUUigwdkY\UUUUUtief;
twmjzpf\/}} (w&m;a[m&musrf; 29;29/) odkY&mwGif pl;prf;
ppfaq;&SmazGwwfaomOmPfpGrf;udk arSmufvSefzsufqD;jcif;trIonf
pmwef\tvkyfjzpfayonf/ usrf;pm\or®mw&m;rsm;udkqifjcif
pOf;pm;&mü rmepdwftcsdKUonfa&maESmaeojzifh vlwdkYonf rdrd
wdkYpdwfauseyfavmufatmif usrf;pm\tpdwftydkif;wdkif;udk
&Sif;vif;rjyEdkifMuaomtcg onf;rcHEdkifMubJ qHk;&IH;ysufpD;oGm;&
Muav\/ 0dnmOfawmftm;jzifh rIwfoGif;xm;aomEIwfxGufpum;
awmfrsm;udk rdrdwdkYonf rodem;rvnfyg[lí 0efcHzdkY&eftvkyfonf
olwdkYtzdkYtvGefyifatmufwef;usonf[kxifrSwfMu\/ tultnD
rvdkbJ vl\OmPfpGrf;tm;jzifh usrf;pmudkem;vnfEdkifvdrfhrnf[k
olwdkYxifrSwfMuonf/ aemufrSem;vnf&efcJ,Of;aomtcg bk&m;ocif
\eIwfxGufpum;awmfr[kwf[kjiif;y,fMuao;\/ usrf;pmrS
xkwfEkwfaz:jyxm;onfqdkaomxifjrifcsuftrs;ESifh Mo0g'trsm;
wdkYonf usrf;pmuoGefoifaotcsufrsm;tay:ü tajctjrpf
rwnfbJ bk&m;ocif\oabmESifh {ueftrSefqefYusifbuf
jzpfMuonfrSmrSefayonf/ þt&mwdkYonf trsm;aomolwdkY\
pdwfudk ,HkrSm;&IyfaxG;apaomtaMumif;&if;rsm;jzpfMuonf/ odkU&mwGif
¤if;,HkrSm;jcif;wkdYonf bk&m;ocif\EIwfxGufpum;awmfaMumifh
r[kwfbJ vlwdkYu ¤if;w&m;awmfudkarSmufrSm;atmif jyKvkyfjcif;
aMumifhwnf;/
 okccsrf;omvrf;nTef 158

zefqif;xm;awmfrlaomowå0gwdkYonf bk&m;ocif\
taMumif;ESifhbk&m;ocifjyKawmfrlaomtrIudkudpörsm;taMumif;udk
jynfhpHkpGmem;vnfod&SdEdkifcGifh&dSMuvQif þtajctaeodkYa&muf&Sdae
ojzifh olwdkYonf or®mw&m;udkwdk;í qufvufpl;prf;p&mrvdk
awmhacs/ bk&m;ocifudkoduRrf;jcif;ynmü wdk;yGm;p&mrvdkawmh
acs/ ¤if;jyif pdwfoabm (odkYr[kwf) pdwfESvHk;tajctaewdk;í
aumif;rGefvmatmifjyKvkyfzdkYrvdkawmfhacs/ bk&m;ocifonfvnf;
tjrifhfjrwfqHk;aomyk*d¾Kvfjzpfawmhrnfr[kwf/ ¤if;jyif vlonf
ynmOmPftpGrf;owdåwdkYütqHk;odkYa&muf&Sdaeojzifh a&SUodkYwdk;wuf
p&mvdkawmhacs? odkYaomf xdkodkYrjzpfaomaMumifh bk&m;ocifudk
uRekfyfwdkYaus;Zl;wifMupdkU/ bk&m;ocifonf tptqHk;r&Sd/ bk&m;
ocifü ]]ynmb@m?OmPfb@&SdorQwdkYonf 0Sufxm;vsuf
&Sd\/}} (aumavmoJ 2;3/) ¤if;jyif xm0&umvtqufquf
vlwdkYonf bk&m;ocif\OmPfynmawmf? bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;
u&kPmawmfESifh bk&m;ocif\wefcdk;awmfwnf;[laomb@rsm;
wdkYudk tjrJ&SmazGpl;prf;avhvmvsuf aeMuvdrfhrnf/
þtoufwmüyif rdrd\EIwfxGufpum;awmfxJü&Sdaom or®m
w&m;rsm;udk rdrd\vlrsm;tm;tpOfojzifh &Sif;vif;pGmzGifhjyae&vdrfh
rnf[k bk&m;ocifonf tMuH&Sdawmfrl\/ þoduRrf;jcif;ynmudk
&&SdEdkifaomenf;vrf;wpfvrf;om&Sdayonf/uREfkyfwdkYonf0dnmOfawmf\
jyKjyifjcif;wefcdk;tm;jzifh bk&m;ocif\EIwfxGufpum;awmfudk
em;vnfEdkifMuonf/ xdk0dnmOfawmftm;jzifhyif eIwfxGufpum;awmfudk
ay;awmfrl\/ ]]bk&m;ocif\eufeJaomt&mudk bk&m;ocif\
 ,HkrSm;oHo,pdwfuif;a0;a&; 159

0dnmOfawmfrSwpfyg; tb,folrQrod/}} ]]taMumif;rlum;? 0dnmOf

awmfonf bk&m;ocif\eufeJaomt&mwdkifatmif cyfodrf;aom
t&mwdkYudkppfawmfrl\/}} (1aum&defok 2;11?10/) ¤if;jyif
u,fwif&Sifu rdrd\wynfhawmfwdkYtm; atmufygtwdkif;uwd
xm;awmfrlcJh\/ ]]or®w&m;ESifhjynfhpHkaom xdk0dnmOfawmfonf
a&mufvmaomtcg or®mw&m;udkoifwdkYtm; t<uif;rJhoGefoif
jyovdrfhrnf/UUUUUUtaMumif;rlum;? igESifhpyfqdkifaomt&mudk,lí
oifwdkYtm;az:jyvdrfhrnf/}} (a,m[ef 16;13?14/)
vltm; rdrd\qifjcifwwfaomOmPftpGrf;owdåudk rSefrSef
toHk;csavhusifhay;apzdkY bk&m;ocifonf tvdk&Sdawmfrl\/ ¤if;jyif
usrf;pmudkavhusufzwf&Ijcif;trIonf tjcm;aompmayrsm;udk
avhvmpwf&Ijcif;xuf OmPfowdåudkwdk;yGm;cdkifcHhí jrSifhwifay;av
onf/ odkY&mwGif uRefkyfwdkYonf awG;qqifjcif&mü rdrdudk,fudk
bk&m;ocifavmufwwfoduRrf;usifonf[k txifrMuD;tyfMuay/
vlowå0gjzpfonfhtavsmuf uREfkyfwdkY\qifjcifpOf;pm;OmPfonf
tm;enf;nHhzsif;\/ txif&Sm;qHk;aomor®mw&m;rsm;udk em;rvnf
Edkifapjcif;iSm usrf;pmrsm;udkzHk;uG,fraeapMuvdkvQif uREkfkyfwdkYü
uav;oli,fuJhodkY&dk;om;jcif;ESifh,HkMunfjcif;&Sdvsuf oefY&Sif;aom
0dnmOfawmf\tultnDudk awmif;avQmufjyD;vQif usrf;pmudk
avhusufzwf&I&eftoifh&Sd&Murnf/ bk&m;ocif\wefcdk;;awmfESifh
OmPfynmawmftaMumif;udkod&Sdem;vnfí rdrdwdkYonf bk&m;ocif\
MuD;jrwfawmfrljcif;tjzpfudkem;vnfjcif;iSm tpGrf;owdår&SdaMumif;
udkod&Sd&jcif;trIonf uRefkyfwdkYtm; ESdrfhcsaomoabmudk&&Sdapojzifh

okccsrf;omvrf;nTef 160
uREfkyfwdkYonf bk&m;ocif\EIwfxGufpum;awmfudkzGifhí zwfMuaom
tcg bk&m;ocifudk,fawmfwdkif\rsufarSmufü uRkEfkyfwdkYa&muf
&SdaeouJhodkY oefY&SifaMumuf&GHU&dkaojcif;&Sd&Murnf/ uRefkyfwdkYonf
or®musrf;pmawmfjrwfxHodkYvmMuaomtcg uREfkyfwdkY\pOf;pm;
qifjcifwwfaompdwfoabmonf ¤if;xufomvGefxl;uJaom
MoZmtmPm&Sdao;aMumif;udk0efcHvsuf uRefkyfwkdY\pdwfESvHk;ESifh
OmPftpGrf;owdå&SdorQwdkYonf ]]igjzpfonf}} [krdefYawmfrlaom
t&Sifbk&m;ocifa&SUawmfü OD;nTwft&dktaojyK&Murnf/
tjriftm;jzifhcufcJonf? zHk;uG,faeonf[kxif&aomt&m
rsm;pGm&Sdojzifh ¤if;wkdYudkem;vnfEdkif&ef MudK;pm;&SmazGaomolwdkY
tm; bk&m;ocifonf ¤if;wdkYudkxif&Sm;vG,fulvmatmifaz:jy
awmfrlvdrfhrnf/ odkY&mwGif uREfkfyfwdkYonf oeYf&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf
\apmifha&mufvrf;jyjcif;udkrcH&vQif usrf;pmudktpOfojzifh
wkdufvSefaeMuvefhrnf? (odkYr[kwf) ¤if;wdkYudkwvGJteufaumuf
,lvsufaeMuvdrfhrnf/ tusdK;rcHpm;&onfhtjyif trsm;aomolwdkY
ü taotcsmyiftudsK;ysufapatmif usrf;pmtkyfudkzwfd&Hkomjzifh
rsm;pGmzwfaeonfvnf;&Sdayonf/ &dkaojcif;? qkawmif;jcif;r&SdbJ
bk&m;ocif\EIwfxGufpum;awmfudkzGifhzwfaomtcg bk&m;ocif
üom pdwfpGJvrf;jcif;? qifjcifatmufarhjcif;pdwfoabmr&Sdaomtcg
(odkYr[kwf) qifjcifpGJvrf;rIwdkYonf bk&m;ocif\tvdkawmfESifh
rnDrnGwf&Sdaeaomtcg pdwfoabmonf ,HkrSm;oHo,jzifh
zHk;vTrf;aeavonf/ ¤if;jyif xdktcgü usrf;pmudkavhusuf&mwGif
,HkrSm;jcif;trIwdkYonf wdk;yGm;rsm;jym;cdkifcHhav\/ &efolonf ol\

,HkrSm;oHo,pdwfuif;a0;a&; 161
pdwfudkpdk;rdk;tkyfcsKyfvmvsuf rrSefaomt"dyÜg,fwdkYudkaz:jytMuH
ay;vdrfhrnf/ vlwdkYonf pum;ajym&müvnf;aumif;? tjyKtrl
taetxdkifwdkYüvnf;aumif; bk&m;ocif\tvdkawmfESifhnDap&ef
rMudK;pm;aomtcg olwdkYonf rnfrQyifynmwwfaomfvnf;
usrf;pmudkavhvmzwf&Ijcif;trIü tvGJem;vnfwwfMuonf/
¤if;jyif xdkolwdkYuaz:jyaomteuft"dyÜg,fwdkYudk,HkMunftm;udk;
vQif ab;ruif;acs/ usrf;pmü trSm;udkvdkuf&Smaeaomolü
0dnmOfxdk;xGif;OmPfr&Sdacs/ trSeftm;jzifh xif&Sm;vG,fulaom
t&mrsm;üyif olwdkYonf ,HkrSm;p&mtaMumif;rsm;wdkYudk tjrif
usOf;aomoabmESifhawGYjrif&Muvdrfhrnf/
trsm;tm;jzifh,HkrSm;jcif;?tvGJxifjrifjcif;wdkYonf rnfrQyif
vQdKU0Sufapumrl tjypfudkESpfoufjcif;onf ¤if;wdkYudkjzpfapaom
taMumif;&if;trSefyifjzpfayonf/ bk&m;ocif\EIwfxGufpum;
awmfü oGefoifMo0g'ay;csufrsm;ESifh uefYowfcsKyfcs,fxm;csuf
rsm;wdkYudk rmeMuD;aomol? pdwfxJütjypfudkESpfoufaomolwdkYonf
vufcHvdkaompdwfoabmr&SdMu/ ¤if;jyif EIwfxGufpum;awmfu
ynwfxm;aomtcsufwdkYudk em;raxmifvdkaomqE´r&SdaomolwdkY
onf ¤if;\axmufcHcsufudktvG,fwulESifh ,HkrSm;oHo,jzpf
wwfMuonf/ or®mw&m;udkxda&mufpGmem;vnfEdkifzdkY&ef uRekfyf
wdkYü or®mw&m;udkpdwftm;xufoefpGm odem;vnfvdkaomqE´ESifh
¤if;udkpdwfygpGmem;axmifvdkaomoabm&Sd&Murnf/ þuJhodkYpdwf
oabmrdsK;ESifhusrf;pmawmfjrwfudkavhusufzwf&I&ef vmMuaom
oltaygif;wdkYtm; usrf;pmawmfjrwfonf bk&m;ocif\EIwfxGufpum;

okccsrf;omvrf;nTef 162

awmfjzpfaMumif; az:jyaomoufaoom"ursm;pGmwdkYudk awGU&Sd

&Muvdrfhrnf/ ¤if;jyifolwdkYonf u,fwifjcif;cHpm;&tHhaomiSm
ynm&Sdaomolrsm;jzpfvmMurnftaMumif; usrf;pmawmfjrwf\
or®mw&m;rsm;udkem;vnf&aomtusdK;aus;Zl;udk &&SdMuvdrfhrnf/
]]bk&m;ocif\tvdkawmfodkY vdkufcsifaomolrnfonfum;
þbk&m;ocif\w&m;awmfudkydkif;jcm;íododvdrfhrnf}}[kocifc&pfawmfurd
efYawmfrl\/ (a,m[ef 7;17/) oifrodem;rvnfaomt&mwdkYudk
ar;jref;í taMumif;rJhtjypf&SmaeMurnfhtpm; oifhtay:ütqifoifh
xGef;awmufaeaomtvif;w&m;udkowdjyKyg/ odkYjyKvQif oifonf
omíxGef;axmufaomtvif;udk&&Sdvdrfhrnf/ oifem;vnfEdkif
avmufatmif oifhtm;xif&Sm;pGmaz:jyxm;jyD;aomwm0ef0wå&m;&Sd
orQwdkYudk ocifc&pfawmf\aus;Zl;awmftm;jzifh aqmif&Gufavmh?
odkYjyKvQif ,ckoif,HkrSm;aeaomt&mwdkYudkem;vnfvmí vdkufem
jyKusifh&efwwfpGrf;Edkifvdrhfrnf/
yg&*lajrmufatmifwwfuRrf;aomolESifhbmrQrzwfwwf
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wdkYtm;rSmxm;awmfrl\/ tjcm;aomolwdkY\pum;udk tm;udk;rnfh

,HkrSm;oHo,pdwfuifa0;a&; 163

tpm; uRekfyfwdkYudk,fwdkifjrnf;prf;Munfh&Murnf/ udk,fawmfu?

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xHawmfodkYcsOf;uyfí udk,fawmf\pHkvifaomarwåmawmfü tm;&
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onf udk,fawmf\tvif;awmfa&SUwGif uG,faysmufoGm;Muvdrfhrnf/
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uRkefkyf0dnmOfzdkYrdefY>rufawmfrlaombk&m;ocif\toHawmfjzpfaMumif;
uRekfyfawGY&Sd&jyD[k oluoufaocHEkdif\/ or®musrf;pm;awmf

okccsrf;omvrf;nTef 164

jrwfonf rSefuefonf/ ocifa,&Ionf bk&m;ocif\om;awmf

jzpfawmfrlonf[k uREkfyfwkdYudk,fwdkifüoufaoudk&&SdMuvdrfhrnf/
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aexGufonfwdkifatmif wdk;yGm;xGef;vif;wwf\/}} (ok 4;18/)
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owdårsm;ESifhyl;aygif;í 0dnmOf\wefcdk;&SdorQonf tvif;\tjrpf
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wdkYwGifwdk;yGm;jcif;tvdkiSm bk&m;ocif\uwdcH0efawmfrlcsufudk
qGJudkifxm;EdkifMuonf/ bk&m;ocifpDrHcsay;xm;awmfrlaomt&m

,HkrSm;oHo,pdwfuif;a0;a&; 165

rsm;ü uREkfyfwdkYtm;pdwf&IyfaxG;apaomt&m&SdorQwdkYonf xdktcgü

xif&Sm;vdrfhrnfjzpfí uREfkfyfwdkYonf tm;&0rf;ajrmufMuvdrfhrnf/
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rlum;? rsufarSmufxifxifjrif&Muvdrfhrnf/}} (1aum 13;12)/

---000---

bk&m;ocifüarGUavsmfjcif; 166

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udk,fpm;vS,frsm;tjzpfESifhac:awmfrljcif;cH&Muojzifh xm0&bk&m;
\aumif;jrwfjcif;ESifhoem;Muifemjcif;taMumif;udkaz:jy&Murnf/
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enf;wl tuRefkyfonf olwdkYü&Sdí udk,fawmfonfvnf; tuRekfyf
ü&Sdawmfrlaomtm;jzifh UUUUUUUUUudk,fawmfonf tuRekfyfudkapvTwf
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rdefYawmfrl\/ (a,m[ef 17;18?23)/ wrefawmf&Sifaygvku
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bk&m;ocifüarGYavsmfjcif; 167

olwdkYonfusrf;pmudkrzwfbJaewwfMuonf?(odkYr[kwf)usrf;pm
\pmrsufESmxJrS olwdkYtm;ajymqdkaeaomtoHudkrMum;bJaewwf
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arwåmawmfudk olwdkYonfrjrifwwfacs/ odkU&mwGif oifonf
ocifc&pfawmf\udk,fpm;vS,ftppftrSefjzpfvQif olwdkYonf
oifhtm; bk&m;ocif\aumif;jrwfjcif;u&kPmawmfudk odem;vnf
vmMuvdrfhrnf/ ¤if;jyif olwdkYonf udk,fawmfudkcspfcifí udk;uG,f
vmMuvdrfhrnf/
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ocifc&pfawmfxHrSxGef;awmufaeaomtvif;udk wpfzefjyefí
avmuwGifvif;ap&Murnf/ rdrdwdkYtm; tjcm;aomolwdkYonf
ocifc&pfawmftaMumif;ESifh udk,fawmf\trIawmftaMumif;tm;
rSefuefaomxifjrifcsufudk&&SdMurnftaMumif; rdrdwdYküaumif;rGef
oifhavsmfaomtjyKtrl? taetxdkifESifhtusifhrsm;&dS&Murnf/
uREfkfyfwdkYonf ocifc&pfawmf\udk,fpm;vS,frsm;trSef
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rsm;xJüpdwfysuf0rf;enf;jcif;? pdwfndI;i,fjcif;taMumif;rsm;udk
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tjcm;aomolwdkYtm; bk&m;ocifhtaMumif;ESifh c&pf,meftouf
wmtaMumif;udk trSm;az:jyaeMuavonf/ bk&m;ocifonf
rdrdwdkY\om;orD;rsm;tm; aysmf&TifpGmaeapzdkYESpfoufawmfrrl[k

okccsrf;omvrf;nTef 168

olwdkYu xifrSwfpGJvrf;apojzifh olwdkYonf uRefkyfwdkY\aumif;uif

crnf;awmf\taMumif;tm; rrSefaomoufaoudkjyaeMuonf/
bk&m;ocif\om;orD;rsm;wkdYudk ,HkrSm;pdwfysufapatmif
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\/ bk&m;ocifonf uRefkyfwdkYudku,fwifvdkaomqE´ESifhu,fwif
Edkifaomwefcdk;udk uREfkyfwdkYonf,HkrSm;vsuf bk&m;ocifudkr,Hk
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tm; ab;Oy'foufa&mufaponf[k uREfkyfwdkYudkxifrSwfap&ef
pmwefonf ESpfoufvdkvm;\/ xm0&bk&m;onf oem;jcif;
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ESifhpyfqdkifaomor®mw&m;udk olonftvGJaz:jy\/ bk&m;ocif
taMumif;ESifhoufqdkifí rSm;aomxifjrifcsufrsm;udkawG;awmap\/
uRekfyfwdkY\aumif;uifcrnf;awmftaMumif;ESifhpyfqdkifí rSefaom
w&m;üpGJvrf;&rnfhtpm; uRekfyfwdkYonf rMumcPpmwefu
tvGJaz:jyaomt&mrsm;ay:wGif pdwfpGJvrf;vsuf bk&m;ocifudk
,HkMunftm;udk;jcif;rjyKbJnnf;nLtjypfwifvsufaejcif;jzifh bk&m;
ocifudk&IwfcsMu\/ pmwefonf bmomw&m;a&;ESifhqdkifaom
toufwmudk pdwfysufjiD;aiGUzG,ftoufwmrsdK;jzpfap&ef tpOf
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zG,fjzpfí cufcJonf[kxifjrifap&ef olonftvdk&Sdí c&pf,mef
onf rdrd\toufwmü bmoma&;ESifhpyfqdkifaom þxifjrifcsuf

bk&m;ocifüarGUavsmfjcif; 169

rsdK;udkaz:jyaomtcg olonf rdrd\,HkrSm;jcif;tm;jzifh pmwef\

trSm;udkaxmufcHvsufae\/
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avsmhrIrsm;tay:üom pdwfpGJvrf;vsufaewwfMuonf/ uRkefkyf
pma&;olonf Oa&mywdkufwGif&SdpOftcg þuJhodkYjyKaevsuf tvGef
pdwfqif;&Jjcif;a&mufaomnDrwpfa,mufu uRekfyfxHpma&;vsuf
tm;ay;wdkufwGef;pum;rsm;udktvdk&SdaMumif; awmif;yefygonf/
olr\pmudk uRekfyfzwfjyD;aomnOfhü uRekfyfonf O,smOfxJwGif
a&muf&Sdaeonf[ktdyfrufjrif&\/ ¤if;jyif O,smOf&Sif[kxif&aom
vlwpfa,mufu uRekfyftm; O,smOfxJwGif&Sdvrf;rsm;ü vdkufvH
jyoae\/ uRefkyfonfye;frsm;udkcl;vsuf ¤if;wdkY\teHUrsm;udk
tm&HkcHpm;aepOf uRefkyf\tem;üavQmifaeaom þnDronf
rdrd\vrf;üusa&mufaeonfh t&kyfqdk;aomql;yifrsm;udk uRekfyf
tm;jyae\/xdkae&müolronf nnf;nLvsuf pdwfysuf0rf;enf;
ae\? olronf vrf;jyaomol\vrf;üravQmufbJ ql;yifrsm;
&Sd&mvrf;wGifavQmufae\/ ]]'DvSywJhO,smOf[m ql;yifawGaMumifh
ysufpD;aewm[m b,favmufESajrmzdkYaumif;ovJ}} [kolru
nnf;nLae\/ xdktcg vrf;jyaomolu? ]]ql;yifawGaeygap?
cifAsm;udk'gawGupl;ukefvdrfhr,f? ESif;qDyef;awG? ESif;yef;awGeJY
yef;a&mifyef;uav;awGudkom cl;yg}} [kajymqdkav\/
oif\udk,fawGUtjzpftysufrsm;wGif Munfvifawmufy
aomtcsufuav;rsm;tcsdKUr&SdcJhawmhbl;vm;/ bk&m;ocif\0dnmOf

okccsrf;omvrf;nTef 170

awmfjyKjyifjcif;cH&aomtm;jzifh ocif\pdwfESvHk;xJü wkefvIyfjcif;

jzpfaponfh tzdk;xdkufaomtcsdeftcgtcsdKU oifür&SdcJhbl;vm;/
oifhtoufwm\udk,fawGUtjzpftysufrsm;udkjyefí Munfhaom
tcg ESpfoufzG,faumif;aomtcsuftcsdKUudk oifonfrawGUbl;
vm;/ bk&m;ocif\uwdawmfrsm;onf arT;MudKifaomyef;rsm;uJhodkU
oif\toufwmvrf;c&D;wGif ae&mwdkif;ü&SdaeMuonfr[kwf
avm/ ¤if;wdkY\vSywifhw,fjcif;ESifharT;MudKifjcif;onf oif\pdwf
ESvHk;udk0rf;ajrmufjcif;ESifhjynfh0apzdkYtcGifhrjyKbl;vm;/
ql;yifrsm;onf oifhudkpl;ípdwfysufapvdrfhrnf/ ¤if;jyif
oifonf ¤if;wdkYudkomcl;qGwfí tjcm;olrsm;udkay;vQif oifhudk,f
wdkifbk&m;ocif\u&kPmawmfudk *&krpdkuftrIrxm;bJaeonfh
tjyif oif\ywfvnfü&SdaomolwdkYtm; toufwmvrf;c&D;ü
avQmufroGm;ap&ef oifonfwm;qD;ydwfyifaeonfr[kwfavm/
vGefcJhaomaeU&ufumvrsm;u tjypfrsm;ESifhpdwfysuf
zG,f&mrsm;jzpfaom pdwfraumif;zG,f&mtaMumif;t&mrsm;udk
qifjcifawG;awmaejcif;? pdwfysufvmatmif ¤if;wdkYtaMumif;udk
xyfwvJvJajymqdkvsuf nnf;nLaejcif;trIwdkYudkjyKvkyfaezdkYroifh
ay/ pdwfysufaeaom0dnmOfawmfonf arSmifrdkufESifhzHk;vkyfaeí
rdrd\pdwf0dnmOfxJrS bk&m;ocif\tvif;a&mifudk uG,fxm;
ojzifh tjcm;olwdkY\vrf;c&D;wGif arSmif&dyfudkusa&mufap\/
bk&m;ocifonf uRekfyfwdkYtm;az:jyawmfrlonfh tvGefwifh
w,faomtaMumif;t&mrsm;wGuf bk&m;ociftm; aus;Zl;wif
MupdkY/ uRkekfyfwdkYonf bk&m;ocif\arwåmawmfESifhoufqdkifonfh

bk&m;ocifüarGUavsmfjcif; 171

r*Fvm&Sdaomuwdawmfrsm;udk wpfcgwnf;pk&Hk;jyD;az:jyMuygpdkY/
bk&m;ocif\om;awmfonf vlwdkYtm; pmwef\MoZmtmPm
vufatmufrS u,fwifEdkifrnftaMumif; rdrd\bk&m;ociftjzpfawmfudk
vlZmwdtjzpfESifhjcHKawmfrlvsuf rdrdcrnf;awmf\yv’ifawmfrSxGuf
cGmvmawmfrlonfhtaMumif; bk&m;ociftjzpfawmfudk rdrd\bkef;awmf
tm;jzifhxif&Sm;&m ,cka&muf&Sdaeawmfrlonfhtcef;udk olwdkYtm;
xif&Sm;apjyD;vQif aumif;uiftaMumif;t&mudk vlwkdYtm;zGifhjy
awmrlvsuf uRekfyfwdkYtwGuf udk,fawmfonfatmifjrifawmfrlonfh
taMumif; tjypfuqGJcsxm;aomysifpD;jcif;csdKifhxJrS usqHk;aom
vlom;udkqGJwifí wpfzeftptqHk;r&Sdaombk&m;ocifESifhquf
oG,fapvsuf uRekfyfwdkY\u,fwif&Sifudk ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh
bk&m;ocifpDrHawmfrlaom pHkprf;aESmifh,Sufjcif;udkcH&yfEkdifaom
aMumifh ocifc&pfawmf\ajzmifhrwfjcif;0wf&HkESifhjcHKjyD;vQof bk&m;
ocif\yv’ifawmfwdkifatmifcsD;ajrSmufjcif;cH&onfhtaMumif;rS
paom þtaMumif;t&mrsm;wdkYudk bk&m;ocifu uRekfyfwdkYtm;
qifjcifpOf;pm;apzdkYtvdk&Sdawmfrl\/
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ocifudk&Iwfcsí oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfudkpdwfemapMu\/ rdcif
wpfOD;onf rdrd\om;orD;wdkYtm; tusdK;aus;Zl;cHpm;apí
udk,fpdwfcsrf;omap&eftwGuf wpfoufywfvHk;MudK;yrf;cJhjyD;aom
tcg om;orD;rsm;u olronf rdrdwdkYudkaumif;pGmrjyKpkouJhodkY
tjrJyJ rdciftm;nnf;nLtjypfwifaeMuvQif olr\pdwfxJü

okccsrf;omvrf;nTef 172

rnfuJhodkYjzpfaernfenf;/ olwdkYonftu,fí rdcif\arwåmudk

r,HkMunfvQif olr\pdwfudkaMuuGJapvdrfhrnf/ rdrdwdkY\om;orD;
wdkYu xdkodkYjyKwwfMuvQif rdbwpfpHkwpfa,mufonf pdwfxJü
rnfuJhodkYjzpfaernfenf;/ uRekfyfwdkYonfxm0&toufudk&&Sdrnf
taMumif; rdrd\wpfyg;wnf;aomom;awmfudkpGefYawmfrlapaom
arwåawmfudk uRefkyfwdkYonf ,HkrSm;oHo,&dSMuaomtcg uRekfyf
wdkY\aumif;uifcrnf;awmfonf uRekfyfwdkYudkrnfuJhodkYxifrSwf
awmfrlvdrfhrnfenf;/ wrefawmf&Sifaygvku? ]]rdrdom;awmf&if;udk
rESajrmbJ igwdkY&SdorQtzdkYtvdkiSm pGefYawmfrlaomolonf om;awmf
ESifhwuG cyfodrf;aomt&mwdkYudk igwdkYtm;ray;bJ tb,fodkY
aeawmfrlrnfenf;}} [ka&;om;xm;\/ (a&mr 8;32/) odkU&mwGif
*&kpdkufawmfrrl? olwpfyg;udkomcspfawmfrlonf/ ighudkcspfawmfrrl[k
vlrnfrQwdkYonf ajymqdkaeMuoenf;/
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&ef pmwefonfzdwfac:ae\/ ¤if;onf oifhudkwdk;í,HkrSm;ap&ef
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rsm;udk pdwfemap\/ pmwefonf oifhtm;aoG;aqmif;aomtcg
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qifajcwufjcif;ESifhjynfh0vdrfhrnf/ oif\pdwfxJüjzpfay:vmaom

bk&m;ocifüarGYavsmfjcif; 173

xifjrifcsufwdkYudkaz:jyajymqdkvQif oifaz:jyaom,HkrSm;csufwdkY
onf oifhudk,fü'Pfjyefvdrfhrnfruao;bJ ¤if;onf tjcm;aom
toufwmüvnf; qdk;usdK;wnf;[laomtoD;udk jzpfyGm;apaom
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wm;qD;jcif;iSmwwfEdkifvdrfhrnfr[kwf/ oifhudk,fwdkifonf aoG;
aqmifjcif;\tcsdefumvtawmtwGif;ü pmwefvufrSvGwfp&m
vrf;udkawGUaumif;awGUEdkifrnfjzpfaomfvnf; oif\pum;tm;jzifh
aoG;aqmif&modkYygoGm;aomtjcm;olwdkYonf oif\tMuHay;cJhaom
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vnf;aumif;? pdwfxJüvnf;aumif; bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;udk
csD;rGrf;yg/ þuJhodkYjyKvQif olonfocifa,&I\taMumif;udk
qifjcifpOf;pm;vdrfhrnf/
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Edkifatmif cufcJaomaoG;aqmifjcif;rSpaom pHkprf;jcif;rsm;&SdMuay
onf/ oif\'ku©qif;&JrIwdkYudk aojcif;ESifhruif;aom vltcsif;csif;

okccsrf;omvrf;nTef 174

wdkYtm;raz:jybJ bk&m;ocifxHqkawmif;jcif;jzifh ,laqmifoGm;yg/

b,faomtcgrQ ,HkrSm;p&mpum; (odkYr[kwf) pdwfysufp&mpum;
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wpfa,muftm; pdwfrysufygapESifh/ rdrd\toufwmvrf;c&D;
wGifqufvufoGm;ap&ef tm;wufzG,farQmfvifhp&mpum;rsm;jzifh
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udk,ftzdkYtvdkiSm toufr&Sif/}} (a&mr 14;7/) uRekfyfwdkY\rxif
&Sm;rodomaomyHkoufaotusifh"avhrsm;tm;jzifh tjcm;aomol
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cufxefwif;rmaomrsufESmxm;&Sdvsuf tm;&p&mvu©PmESifh
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bk&m;ocifüarGYavsmfjcif; 175

pyfqdkifaomtjzpftysufwpfckvHk;wGif þuJhodkYpdwfysufzG,ftjcif;
t&mrsm;udkom jc,fvS,faz:jyxm;ayonf/
ocifa,&Ionfidka<u;awmfrlí b,ftcgrQjyHK;awmfrlonf
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aomtaMumif;rsm;udk MuHKawGUawmfrl&aomyk*d¾Kvfjzpfawmfrl\/
taMumif;um; udk,fawmf\pdwfESvHk;onf vlwdkY\'ku©qif;&J
taygif;wdkYudkcH,laeawmfrl&\/ odkY&mwGif udk,fawmf\toufwm
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uREfkyfwdkU\u,fwif&Sifonf tvGefyifwnfMunfí
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toD;toD;ü wm0ef0wå&m;&SdaMumif;udk av;av;eufeufod&Sd
em;vnfvmvdrfhrnf/ ayghqrIudky,f&Sm;vdrfhrnf/ Murf;wrf;aom
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a,&I\bmomw&m;onf jrpfa&uJhodkY jidrfoufjcif;udkay;\/

okccsrf;omvrf;nTef 176

¤if;onf aysmf&Tifjcif;toGiftjyifudkrzsufqD;acs/ &Tifvef;tm;&

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wGif uRekfyfwdYkonf ocifc&pfawmf\tHhMozG,farwåmESifhu&kPm
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aeYtoD;toD;onf wm0efrsm;? pdk;&drfylyefp&mrsm;? &IyfaxG;ayGvD

bk&m;ocifüarGUavsmfjcif; 177

rIrsm;ESifhjynfh0vsufae\/ ¤if;jyif uREkfyfwdkYonfawGUqHkMuaom

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tvG,fwulrpulnD&ef toifh&Sdawmfrlvsuf oem;Muifemícspfcif
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&SdMuonf/ aeYwdkif;olwdkYonf bk&m;ocifcsay;awmfrlaom
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roufjzpfjcif;?0rf;enf;ylaqG;jcif;wdkYudkom *&kpdkufaeMujcif;aMumifh

okccsrf;omvrf;nTef 178

rdrdwdkY\tm;udkp&mjzpfaom bk&m;ocifxHodkYrydkYbJ rdrdwdkYudk,fwdkif

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xHrSa0;uGmoGm;apwwf\/
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tcGifhray;oifhay/ xdkodkYjyKvQif uRekfyfwdkYonf tpOfojzifhpdwfwdk
a'goxGufvsufaewwfMuonf/ pHkprf;aESmifh,Sufjcif;udkcHEdkif&ef
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aezdkYroifhay/
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oifhavsmfaomtusdK;aus;Zl;cHpm;&ef oifhwm0efudkwwfEdkiforQ
xrf;aqmifhyg/ ocifa,&Iu txl;tultnDay;rnf[k uwdxm;

bk&m;ocifüarGUavsmfjcif; 179

awmfrlaomfvnf; rdrdwdkY\MudK;yrf;rIudk rjyKtyf[kqdkvdkawmfrrl/

uREfkyfwdkYudkrpawmfrlaomt&Sifudktm;udk;vsufaepOf oifonf
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tjypfudk 0rf;ompGmvufcHyg/
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aeapjcif;iSm bk&m;ocifonf tvdkawmfr&Sdyg/ odkY&mwGif
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ocifu uREfkyfwdkYtm;raMumufMuESifh/ oifwdkYtoufwmvrf;ü
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(a,m[ef 16;33/)
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w&m;awmfwGif bk&m;ocifü,HkMunftm;udk;zdkYvdkaMumif;ESifhpyfqdkifí

okccsrf;omvrf;nTef 180

udk,fawmfu rdrd\wynfhawmfwdkYtm; tzdk;xdkufaomoifcef;pm

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om;i,frsm;udk tpm&Sma<u;&rnf/ aumif;uifbHkü&Sdawmfrlaom
oifwdkYtbonf olwdkYudkauR;arG;awmfrlaomaMumifh olwdkYonf

bk&m;ocifüarGUavsmfjcif; 181

rdrdwdkY\vkyfief;udkvkyfudkifMu&ef oDcsif;qdkvsufxGufoGm;Mu\/
xdkaMumifh xdkiSufwdkYxufoifwdkYonf tvGefjrwfonfr[kwfavm/
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xl;&&SdaomoifwdkYonf aumif;uifiSufwdkYxufomí tzdk;xdkuf
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apmifha&SmufjyKpkawmfrlaomt&Sif? rdrdyHkoP²mefawmfESifhtnD uREfkyf
wdkYudkjyKjyifzefqif;awmfrlaomt&Sifonf uRekfyfwdkYüvkdaomt&m
rsm;udk pDrHcsay;awmfrl\/
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vlwdkYtm; aumif;uifcrnf;awmfu az:jyxm;aomvu©Pm
tjzpfodkYxif&Sm;apzdkYay;xm;awmfrlaom &dk;&dk;vSywifhw,fjcif;jzifh
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bk&m;ocifzefqif;xm;awmfrlaomyef;rsm;\obm0wifhw,fjcif;?
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odkYa&mufaom awmjrwfyifudk bk&m;ocifonf xdkodkYaomt0wfESifh

okccsrf;omvrf;nTef 182

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ig0rf;ajrmufp&mtaMumif; wnfapjcif;iSmvnf;aumif;? oifwdkY
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bk&m;ocif\trIawmfudkaqmif&Gufjcif;tvkyfü tm;&ESpfouf
jcif;ESifhpdwfauseyfrIudk&&Sdap\/ c&pf,mefonf raocsmaom

bk&m;ocifüarGYavsmfjcif; 183

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okwfypfawmfrlaomrsuf&nfrsm;? oufomatmifjyKawmfrlaom

okccsrf;omvrf;nTef 184

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(w&m;a[m&musrf; 33;25/) [kajymqdkEdkifMuonf/ uREkfyfwkdY
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pHkprf;aESmifh,Sufjcif;rsdK;&Sd&vdrfhrnfr[kwfyg/xdkYaMumifh rnfonfhtrI
yifa&muf&Sdapumrl? pHkprf;jcif;ESifhnDrQaomcGeftm;owdåudkay;awmf
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 bk&m;ocifüarGUavsmfjcif; 185

Mum;&Muvdrfhrnf/ ]]igcrnf;awmfxH aumif;csD;r*FvmudkcHaom

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Muavmh/}} róJ 25;34/
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jzifh xGef;vif;apojzifh þavmu&Sd jyifywifhw,fcrf;em;
jcif;xufomvGefí tzdk;xdkufwefavonf/ olwdkYonfMuD;jrwfí
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tcGifhta&;rsm;udkcH,l&&Sdvsuf tjypfuif;pifpGmae&Muavonf/

rdrd&xdkufonfhbkef;awmfESifhpyfqdkifaom tarGawmfudkaxmuf
&Ivsuf? ]]vlonfrdrdtouf0dnmOfudk tb,fOpömESifha&G;Edkif
 okccsrf;omvrf;nTef 186

oenf;/}} (róJ 16;26/) olonfavmuüqif;&Jaeaomfvnf;?

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tpGrf;owådrsm;udk qufuyfylaZmfxm;aom0dnmOfonf vGefuJpGm
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wpfyg;twGuf 0rf;ajrmufjcif;&Sd\/ oefY&Sif;aomatmifjrifjcif;
ESifhqdkifaomoDcsif;rsm;wGif xif&Sm;aom0rf;ajrmufjcif;jzpfownf;/

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