aansponders
’ Transmitan - eaiven &ubsystam.
Trans ponden à he Sruis a intascornastacl unis
which foms a Single communication chanral
bebuan he reeire and hransmit antannas
Down convea l
Racaived Traumrd
Sigha) Louw Powey Signal
Neise mixas
Amplifia
Antznna Local
OScillalvr
Antema
*The LNA amplifás he Racairacl aignal nh
Small amount , noue tb the canuán
Mixet pfoms ha chequany down convesion
*
2 he sacaivod signal
4 Powen Amplifor amplifes ha powe te
doun conva tel Signa) to he
fra_uany
irad lauel. Ex : 14/e Gtz b/ GtH2 link
Roguirad
Aypical tranaponder Band wid ih s 96 MHe
4 mHa guand band.
’ 12 anspondan 3 Can ba ad for c-band
Suia des Sbom Hz
Communicatien Payload upporting Subayatama
&atallit Consists 9 ha amnunication paylead
and nabwoske Suppcrtin ubsystms.
Communication Pyload :.
’ t u ha gupment Caacd by ha satbllis
to porfon he funchons tor hich ha Satalitz
has baan lanchad
St is made up transponders.
Communicofion Poyload
Rmiran onpros
uplink dounlink
’Reciing ha uplinkad dighal from Es
’ Boting ha input radio ignals
’ divactng tha oulput eigpals hough lo
multplascas bo he HPApropaono doonlint antannas,
3
LNA
uplinle
Low Noin
z doonlink
Ambanna
Anlonna
igh Poaa
Amplith
Aiude Control Subsysbem
&paca
* aypese ot QWbuda sonral:
>To keap he direcional an bennas poinbad at
the coret eaih ocahon
he San
’ To koap he sola say pointad bownds
Fackors affeckirg the atibude
forcas shich
’ DisbwTbana borques ane the
Can altan he attibude.
Exkoanal forcas:
he Sun
G) GraNi battonal fores of Eant
ü) &olan sadiati on
iy mateoita impact
Sntaynal foras:
’Motor baarúng icion
Hoizon debactosi Rafana
peínt
e IR
’ Hoiz2on dateckocs
Sensors ohich e usd
dletoct he im os he Eanhies
Edge ho Eanth opaca
’4 Sensors ane sRc one
for each quadrant
he Eanh.
anm shift n he orientation of
>53 hene is
will be debected byhorigon
me Gatellila,it
debecko.
signals will be gereirata o
Tha conhe)
Conho he orienta hon.
t Thra2 ancis Stabilization :
L RRY axes - Roll, Pitch Yaw J
Satallites attiude s deinec) by rea acas RPY.
’ These 3 acas pass hough
grawiy 3 he Sakallita. Rollancus
Yaw anis Cperpandiulan
toy&p1
TDireced
towands
Cant J
’RPY ances r ha
gestahonang obit
Ptch anis Roll ais u tangatal
to ha orbit is
INosmal tb orbital plana) along te Salalliaveoi
quatoial osbit,
he
Moement about he voll axis oves
’ South
an tenna fbotpint northaxis moves ha
MoVement about ha piteh
’
Jootpint East and West
about ha Yaw axis Tobates
Moyement
he antanna.
Cono) mehods
Ailude
Active Ptibude conro)
Passive AMibude conrol
lomective foras
t uses ha alti bude
Stabilization mechanisms appliod n responsa
wsing pout Supply he disb1sbi ng boquas,
wihout
No ovrall stabiliaing
bovqua.
E:
Spin stabilizaton Momenbum whl mathod
Grvanity Giradfan t Em coils malhod
stabili2atton
* opinning Saballite Stabilization
lindaical
’ This method ia applicabla only for
Sabellilas
mechanically balancad s
Spinníng Satzlli as ae around this ancig.
partfaula ancis Spinning
DSollita spin
|Spinning Sabellilas
Gleostationoouy csbit
tb be panallel to
’ The Spin apci S
N-S aeis he Eatth.
’ The range Spin rae & om So bo loo ev/min
’ The &mall gas Js a used to inittata ha
Spin duing launeh phase.
disbwbana torquas, he impalse type huabns
an be used o coret ha oientation.
TAHbude changes : reduction in spin ralz 4
chang in the direction of engulan spinh arxi
* Gyo scopic effect spinning Saballila & esa
to proride he stobililg.
Nutation de) a fom of wobbling :
t may ocwt dus to rhe misaligbmant (or)
2un balance Control jels
dampas
’ St must be awoida by waing utatton
se) enengy absorbos.
Anternas used in spin stabili zaton:
’A panabolic reflecor
3Hon feods mounted on te daspun shelf
> Communicatiop epaak.
Baaning And Powo Transfon Assernby [BAPTI
’Con hol Sighals
8ighals s. power &hould be bransfeod
to ha despuo Sechon
’ Mechanial beoing must also ba proido.
can also be sed
to proido stabili 2ati on for dual &píin
Spacecraft.
* Momentum wheel Stabili 2ation:
This method Bused to provide stabilization
fos cube-like bodíes ie) non-ylindial Satellitas
’ Body stabilizod Satallites.
INTELSAT V type
* The 9yroscopie effect % a Bpinning yuchea
8 UsecA- Momentum whae),
’ The momentum whoa conss ts
a
Plywhee) motor
beaing assem bly
the cashing
- an elactic dive motog elechoni c
conrol cirauitry.
The ty whoal á atached to the otar which
has a paimanent magnet for motor arcion
Sator s atached to he body., SatelNta
The motor proDdes coupling bebuan fy cshaay
and Saka|lita sruchune
The urents ed to re statoy onhol he
Spaad s torque g he motor
*gpes momenbum whaal Stabiliation
( One whoel Stabili2ation:
’ lonho) he pitch as
ochieved by changing ha
Spaad he pitth momenbuo
shaal.
>Rteh momentum
whool.
piteb chrnhol thus lars
Hoi2on Ransot
Rol/yas conol thnstns
When fhe anis 6 Totation ha whoal along ha
pitch axi! it proides Stabiizahon bo botf
Yaw and oll aas.
Gi) Two wheal gtabilization:
Pitch conhol
thustes
Yaw afel Pitch momentum
dasahu uwhoal.
elochomagt
Yaw whal.
Hoizon Sersoy
Two wheels are wed Pronde fhe stabi lization
for Yaw ancas
jwheel Subilizaion
(i) Reachon ohaa) mathod: .mehod
Btwho)
Rol
whaa)
Yaw
ushea)
Thnsls
Sensos
momenbum bias, t eallead as Readion whael.
whals ane sed in hrea ac 8abiliz
Reactbin
Sustem.
Telamey Tracling Comnand CTTAC)
Subsysbem
+ TT C uncions aa comploz oparattons ohich
vaquire Kha propa gound foilihäs s Satelile.
* To p1fosm 8euenal Touine funchons ohich
Ínvolve bolh Eanh 8tation and SpocecTafE
* Telemeny Subsystam Comoond
* Tracking Subsystam Trecagg
* Commandíng Subsystam 6S
co Telemey
’ It transmits infomahon about he Satellita
o ha Ean th Stahoin
’ measurement at a disana
> 3t prfoms bwo funcktuns:
"Recaiing ha data from 8ensos
" transmithog ha data to Eanth &tation.
Talamey data inlude the following info:
he a tiuda infonation Com fhe Sun Senson
envionmanta) informahon( magnaic frald diradi
" Bpacecsat infonaion ( ampanabos,prasura,
Powon Supply, stored fuel range, ete-)
Telemey data rans mitted ad FSK PBk dats
db Tracking Subsys tam:
>to track ha position of satalliz Send
ha corechion signals if raqulrad.
’ Durin9 he bans fan s cift phases, re
position may ba shiftad as a result dishurbíng
forcas.
’ change in he orbi tal positi on of aballile
can be identified by using he velodlg
acalenation &ersos hat
halt ane present m lpamat
*Tracking systarn n ES monitors ha range
and ook anglas 2 Satellia
racks ha
Centen racka he Sanlliz
Satallita Con
he help tolamahry downlink.
wi%
sing
* SE condrols he spaca sagmant
Command uplink.
Öi) Command Subsystbam '
’st gacaivas command &ignals rom he ES
o) Yasponsa telamay nfonation.
’ jt damodu atas / dacodas he
command Sgnals
and outas it ho the appro priaa quipmant
’ To encaute he acion
necesdany
ohen subsystams bas ad on he data rom
telamey racking Systams
’ Command Signals enyptad to prevent
unau thoi22 accoAs
To adjust ha atibuda and ovbit tho Sakelit
To conho) he Communicahon &ubsygla.
Satellita Conl Systam
Ranging Commands
Talenatry
sratioo Statien
ES
Rangins
Dafa J- Data links
Data Communiatian
reducHon foililg
Analyss Satellite komput
Cont) cantar
Cantar CAnter
fntoducion to Bpaca Bagmant
+ Satellia commmunicahon System can ba diridaa
bto buo Sagmenls.
ç Eanth on Ground Segmant
di) Spaa sagmant
Segment - LSpaxe craft Technology1
* Space ground
’St inucos he
Batellias 8 also ha
kaap he Babelitt opanational.
facilitás eguiaed bo
des &ubsystams. bwo
communication Satallita Consut
# A
important pants.
d) Payload
i) Bus
rvice :öontrunication, weather monitoring.
+ Payload Education, etc.,
quipmont
’ St s he major &aallia for which fa
wecd to provide he Bvia
Raunchac.
Satellits has been
’ Tyanspon der $ Anbanna &ub systam s.
Transponden:
’St ahe aquipmant which proncas ha
Connecting Rink bebwean he transamit and
hcaive an bennas á lazllia
Bus
St canias he payload s various
dubaysbams Aaquised bo &orvia ha payload.
Subsysbams i
Paimany power
’ AHiuca and orbit con hol
Themal conho)
Telemety, Trackíng 8 command CTT8C)
Communiahón paload
-5 Advan cad spaca cratt tecbnology ete.,
7 Powen &ubsystami
Bolan cells provide psimany elechi cal powe
’ Dwring eclipse i powor proridad by thoo
niccel -Cadmium CNi-cd) bateues
* At#bucde and Osbit Conhol:
To lcaep he antennas polntad at coret
eanh ocatt ons s 8olan all s pointd ak
Khe Sun.
iets to (onhol
’ St has Soeket motos jeks
ha spamcraft .
Tharmal Conrel:
&itabla tempnahe for a
&ubsystms.
ot Telenetny, Tracking and Commanl CTTS)
’ b nonitoy hia SpacecTatt staus,
orbital panametrs con o ) h a
pana hon
’ Telemetry Secorves data fom Sensos
nnaiAes ange & look anelas
Irackíng providas ange s lbok arglas
’
infomation nground
Conhol systom s o cwTrect ha pasiho
and a Hihude.
* Comm untcation Subsystem i
8
’ To recaive. amplífy proass
Retrans i t the signals.
For transmi8sion 9 Yacayotion
oY mwTe am bannas are uied.
hormal Control Propulsion Subsyst
t Thesmal Conto) Subsysbam:
’To mantain he mean Spamcraft tenpoiaha
and all the Subsystems wifho tha Suitable limiks.
The perfonanda and raliabili t dapand on
he temponabue
cje) Sabelite quipmants hould openata ú a
Stabla temponabue ehvironmant.
Satellitas e ubjact to Range termpanahuna
gradiantr,.
* Sourcas of Tempanakue gradians
Solas Tadiation
Sun
Albodo ’Earth
Tadiation ChEo
Yadiahon Eanth
Sola radiativn
# Eanth emitted Todiaion
Eant'9 Albedo efiect: racion
Yadiaton alling on eant 8 get refecbeel
* Gquipmants in he &atelite also geneata
aat
* Themal radiaton rom Eant% 8 Albel o
GEo abellitas.
nagligibla
* SE will only affect tha LEo &atalliss.
* Staps to provide Ihenmal insulation ;
Thonmal blankats and shields ana used
to provide insulation.
haat
Radiation mirrors aa used to remove
trom the payload.
bampenahns,
* &n ordon to maintan ha Constant
may be Quitehad on whan ha
Heaters
of.
transpondans re &uitched
Satellite
* Pdvantages of Spínning
’ Spinning Sabellitz proñdas
tempenathua 2 ha ezteene
ha eztere erpelanacl
from gotan use 8 fhe cold bacleground
Radiahán ho
4 daap 8paca. &olan
Cold spaca
spa
Albzdo
Thatmaj
Tadiaton
* Propulsion Subsystam
Propulsioo &ubsystam & quirad
bo :
&pin vate
’maun tau a propen orientation 8
o ransfer osbit.
EO orbit
inject ha Saellita Gbo
&akellita at he coTret longihuca
mainah he
n ra eguatoial plane
’ to assist ha attitucde conhro),
Transtoie prepallent
LEO
ombugtion
chaplbn
GGEO
The propellent wed for propulsion Can' ba.
Aiquid co gas.
HPe kick motor CARM): A Solid pcket Akrn
witho Ihe &atelli lz usec) or Hnal orbital
injactiorn.
Reachon Conol &ubsystem CRes);
5 Liquicl propellent Subsystam
oYbit manevwns, Stotion cosping atibuda conl
iquid po pellent: Hydq 2ine
Anbapna Subsystm
The anepnas which ane sed u BatellilEs
a e callad as Batellib amternas
¢ Satellilz antennas prvvide the dual tunchons:
’ ieaiving ha uplink 8ignals uplinte Sdounlok
transmiting tha downlink
Sgnals
Fanh
* Lengih 3 he &abelits antemas
Invouely prpporhonal to ha opanating raguanuy
Antannas oparalz un ftee Tange R GHz.L
*ypes Satellia antennas:.
)Wire antennas :
>wive anennas lie dipole aneonas aue usod
or omridirechoral ehanackenistica.
2sed n VHE to prohda ommunicahian fos rem
) Prsay omtenras
mulkipla beans rom ai ngla apahaa
Refector Tpe Anbarnnas i
’ Highly direciona) antannas Toquired for
aleommunicahoh and broadcas ting.
() panabotie aflacbor
’ produces the high baam
Bignas n one pantiaulan
divechon.
Pperthne Pntennas on Hoon Ptznnas :
Sosth,
Wbed bo Covn moe a a on
’ Hon antnnas n mim wawe Reg uancies
n dub
casn be used as foad
* The same facd can be Wsed
for both transmitiag 8 recai hng
fhe Bignals wis Same pofariza hán
’ The bransmit and Recaire signals aapandlad
* The potarigahon dopanation can be olone H
a derica called otfocoupan on oxthogona)
modo anscucan ComT).
Aralysis:
’ The gaun he panabolic reflacboY
D ’ reflatbos diamalen
A’ woawelangth of he sighal.
’3de Baam wicl is giran
(
’Ga can be inore0sed and Kre Banduidh
an be raduced by inreasing ha D'
by daeasi ng he '
refochhs can be
Jo l42 6H2 band, 8mallen
E NTELST Aotennas:
For b GaHe,he Rargest vefactos aza esad
to cov tha hemi&phasa s Zone covenage
’ Horn anbennas sed to prorida ihe Taguirec)
beam thape.
