CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter will include some established literature and studies, which will have an important bearing on this study. This literature and studies only pave additional information and validity but will also deepened our insights towards the study.

Local Literature According to Karen Roush in her literature entitled Nursing on a Global Scale, nursing can be a ticket to the world because of numerous opportunities to use nursing skills around the world like working as a bedside nurse in a state of the art facility, creating policy in a global arena or caring for refugees in a make shift clinic and many more. Because of these opportunities, students who are incoming freshman in college preparing themselves for taking up nursing profession because of their perception that there is opportunity waiting for them in other country. According to Patricia Pittman in her literature entitled the Ethics of Recruiting Foreign- Nurses it says that some foreign educated nurses now work in United States. United States is the first country chosen by the nurses for immigration because of the highest salary and economic status of this country, so thats why some freshman students are taking up nursing profession to go abroad and to earn dollar. According to M. Elaine Tagliareni in her literature entitled Nursing education needs you, undergraduate, graduate nursing students and freshman nursing students should consider becoming

academic nurse educators. There lots of field in nursing profession, aside from working abroad in hospital based, nurses can be also a nurse educators. In the Call for better Screening or Temporary Nurses it says that the solution to the chronic nursing shortage that plagues health care facilities is hiring nurses from temporary staffing agencies. Students taking up nursing profession are not often about the different fields because they set their selves working in hospital based especially in abroad, even if there is a shortage of nurses in global, there are still students taking up BSN (Bachelor of Science in Nursing) because they are still believed and looking forward for the opportunity in other country when they are already graduate and pass the board exam.

Foreign Literature According to Erika Sauler in her literature entitled RP Nurses still demand BON it says that Filipino nurses remain in demand in the international market despite the global financial crisis. Philippines have the biggest exporter of nurses around the world because of their so much dedication and love to their work and most especially to their patient. Majority of freshmen nursing students preparing themselves to work abroad as a nurse in hospital base, not only they want it but because of the influence also by their family. According to Mayen Jaymalin in her literature entitled Nursing course losing appeal , fewer students are opting to take up nursing apparently due to the continuing slump in the hiring of health workers in the United States, this is the reason why the enrollees of freshman nursing students here in Philippines is decreasing and while the other students shift their course is due

to global crisis facing by the other country. According to Danilo Garcia in his literature entitled Advise for Graduating High School students, avoid taking up nursing , because of continuous decreasing passing rate in licensure exam, CHED (Commission on Higher Education) advised the graduating students this year to avoid taking up Nursing in college, instead of taking up nursing profession it is much better to take up other courses. According to Veronica Uy in her literature entitled UK limits nursing students visa request it says that 47,000 students visa applications it received in 2008 mostly from Filipino nurses, the United Kingdom has decided to restrict their number under the National Vocation Qualification from its Manila Office. Some country including the UK limiting their number of applicants due to continuous increasing of Filipino Nurses to immigrate in other country to look for a job. Most students here in Philippines wanted to go abroad just to earn dollar, because they believe that if they work in other country it will change their life. According to Erlinda Castro Palaganas in her literature entitled Nurses leading change in the workplace It says that nurses initiating and leading change use research to inform practice, thus continually improves and applying a new knowledge, skills and attitude for nursing students.

Local Studies According to Allan B. Guzmanabc in his study entitled Surfacing Filipino student nurses perspectives of comfort and comforting viewed through metaphorical lens,he got a sample of 163 freshman and 116 senior student provided with apart questionnaire. The first part use to robotfoto to determine the students subjects

cartographic sketch and the second part is to sketch a particular event or object associated with the word comfort and comforting. The purpose of this study is to describe by the student nurse especially freshman the outlook of the words

comfort and comforting and to know the perception of freshman about the meaning of comfort and comforting in nursing profession. According to Carmella Villegas in her study entitled A comparative study of patientscaregivers and,nurses perception on caring, studies have shown that a match between the patients

exceptations and the caring actually received may result in high levels of patient satisfaction. In the Philippine setting, the patients family members, as caregivers, play an active role in the patients hospital experience. The purpose of the study is to determine patients and their families perceived priorities about nurse caring and to compare these priorities with what the nurses perceive as their priorities. Freshman students who are taking up nursing must understand and manifest about the caring that will received by the patient. It is important to implement the word caring to our patient because it is the root and the meaning of the profession that we are taking here in the Philippines. According to Joselito C. Quimio in his study entitled

effectiveness of management scheme as a tool in improving clinical performance of the student nurses: an assestment it shows that the student nurses perceived that utilization of management scheme, as a tool in improving their clinical performance and interpersonal skills was very effective. Therefore, the school administration should monitor its utilization in order to sustain its implementation and to ensure the delivery of quality clinical education. The clinical instructor should also have a full orientation on its utilization to effectively manage student and to facilitate activities

that will improve the overall clinical performance and personal qualities of the student nurses. The student nurses, on the other hand, should utilize the management scheme to fully equip them in becoming professional nurses competent and confident with the application of the nursing process, medication administration, leadership and management and interpersonal skills. Sometimes the problem that the student nurses experience is the lack of materials of equipments to improve their clinical performance and skills as a future nurses.

Foreign Studies Foskett and Hemsley-Brown (2006) state that gender images influence perceptions of nursing. Historically, nursing has been an occupation of women, as seen in all female nursing management, staffing, teaching, discipline, and organization. In fact, males less than 10 years of age included in this study did not take the question about males in nursing seriously. The 17-year old males, however, were more conscious of being politically correct but still referred to the stereotypically feminine personality characteristics needed to be a nurse (i.e., patient, nice, caring). Additional data indicate that young men are unlikely to make a decision to enter nursing before age 21. College age males felt that male masculinity would be doubted if men chose a nursing career. Interestingly, the focus of a career as a physician centered around intellectual potential, whereas nursing focused around personality traits (Marshland, 1996). This could indicate a significance of role models and mentors as key factors influencing a students image of nursing.

Students focus on the roles and tasks of nursing showed that younger students inthe Foskett and Hemsley-Brown (1998) study saw nursing as very task oriented (i.e., related to visible tasks of patient care at the bedside). A greater percentage of olderstudents appeared to perceive nursing as carrying out orders without responsibility,status, or authority. Foskett and Hemsley-Brown (1999) suggest that images of career Beck (2000) suggests that nurse educators need to use creative strategies and programs in career education to attract more applicants, and that first-hand knowledge of why students choose nursing as a career is basic and necessary. Three new pieces of important information on students reasons for choosing a nursing career that emerged through Becks study were the powerful effect of observing nurses in action, feeling as though something was missing from their original career choice, and not gaining acceptance into medical school. Although Becks study cannot be broadly generalized, it does have implications for nurse educators. It confirmed a repetitive pattern among students entering nursing as a career, namely a strong desire to help people and to experience an idealized one to one relationship with patients.