Plumbing fixtures are the devices that connect to a plumbing system to
deliver and drain water. These fixtures are essential components of a
functional plumbing system, providing access to clean water for various uses
and disposing of wastewater.
If you’re looking for the specific flow rates for different fixtures, Chapter 14
(which isn’t provided here) would likely contain a table outlining those
limitations.
When installing piping in fire resistive construction, there’s a key concept to
remember: fire resistance. While the pipes themselves might be somewhat
flame retardant, their main purpose isn’t to block fire. The focus is on
preventing fire and smoke from spreading through the holes created by the
pipes passing through fire walls, floors, or ceilings.
No Compressing or Distorting: Hangers shouldn’t squeeze the pipe, which
can weaken it or restrict water flow.
No Cutting or Abrading: The hanger material or its installation shouldn’t
cause cuts or scrapes on the pipe’s surface. This is crucial to prevent leaks
and extend the pipe’s lifespan (as discussed previously with abrasion).
Allowing for Pipe Movement:
Free Movement: Pipes expand and contract slightly due to temperature
changes. Hangers should allow for this movement without putting stress on
the pipe or causing leaks at the connections.
This appears to be a section of a plumbing code outlining the specific
requirements for pipe support. Here’s a breakdown of the key points:
Frequency of Pipe Supports:
Maximum Spacing: Generally, pipes need support at least every 4 feet (1219
mm) along their horizontal run.
Additional Supports: Supports are also required at specific locations like:
Ends of branches where the pipe splits off to another fixture.
Changes in direction (elbows, tees, etc.)
Changes in elevation (going up or down)
Thrust blocking is a technique used in buried piping systems to counteract
the pushing force (thrust) created by water flowing through the pipes
An excreta drainage system, also sometimes called a sewage drainage
system or sanitary drainage system, is the network of pipes and fixtures that
transport waste water and human waste (excreta) away from buildings and
homes.
Cast Iron (CI): Traditionally a popular choice due to its strength and durability.
However, it’s heavy, susceptible to corrosion, and requires skilled
installation.
Ductile Iron (DI): A stronger and more corrosion-resistant alternative to CI.
Still on the heavier side and requires skilled labor.
Galvanized Steel: Provides good strength and corrosion resistance. However,
the galvanizing can deteriorate over time, especially in areas with high
moisture or harsh water conditions.
The ability of a material to withstand contact with ambient natural factors or
those of a particular artificially created atmosphere without degradation or
change in properties.
Galvanized Wrought Iron: Similar to galvanized steel but generally less
common in modern plumbing due to availability and cost factors.
Lead: Due to health concerns related to lead poisoning, lead is no longer a
recommended material for plumbing applications. Its use is likely prohibited
by most modern plumbing codes.
Copper: A durable and corrosion-resistant option, but can be expensive.
Bending and shaping copper pipes requires specific skills and tools.
Brass: Similar to copper in terms of properties but generally even more
expensive. Not commonly used for drainage piping due to cost.
Series 1000 PVC DWV (Drain, Waste, Vent): A lightweight and cost-effective
option that is resistant to corrosion. Easy to cut and assemble, making it a
popular choice in modern plumbing. However, it may have limitations on
temperature and support requirements compared to metal options.
Extra-Strength Vitrified Clay Pipe (Clay Pipe): A strong and durable material
with good fire resistance. However, it’s heavy and brittle, requiring careful
handling during installation.
Approved Inlet Fittings: Not just any connection will do. The code requires
using fittings specifically designed and approved for drainage applications.
These fittings are typically made of durable materials like PVC or ABS plastic
and ensure a secure, watertight connection between the pipe and the fixture.
Correct Location: The location of the fitting on the drainage pipe needs to be
appropriate for the size and type of fixture it will connect to. For example,
the waste outlet of a sink will typically be at a different height and location
compared to the drain outlet of a toilet.
Cleanout Definition:
A cleanout is an access point installed on a drainage pipe that allows
plumbers to insert cleaning tools for removing clogs or blockages. They are
essential for maintaining a functional drainage system.
Grade:
Generally 2% or 20 mm/m: The code recommends that horizontal drainage
pipes be installed with a uniform slope of at least 2% (or 20 millimeters per
meter). This slope ensures proper drainage by allowing wastewater to flow
efficiently towards the disposal point (sewer line) due to gravity.
