Republic of the Philippines

NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY

NISU Barotac Viejo Campus
Puerto Princesa, Barotac Viejo, Iloilo

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

. Global competitiveness in the hospitality industry demanded a lot from graduates in their

preparedness in the field of work. In order to prepare graduates in the hospitality industry, every

institution is obliged to offer course in hospitality management program that will develop then

into competitive individuals. This preparedness will make them qualified to enter not only the

local but as well as in the international hospitality industry (Schoffstall 2013).

The curriculum with other factors, contribute to students’ preparedness. Learning

competencies of the curriculum should academically and practically prepare the students in the

hospitality world. The curriculum offered by the institutions plays a vital role in the career

readiness of the students.

Hospitality programs evaluate their curriculum in a way that will reveal what are needed to

be, change and added for the benefit of the graduates. Assessing the curriculum will lead the

institutions to better one that will mold and develop their students to the global competitive level

(Barbon, 2016; Cueto, 2016: Rahns, 2014).

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 Republic of the Philippines
NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
NISU Barotac Viejo Campus
Puerto Princesa, Barotac Viejo, Iloilo

Students should have the ability to achieve the goals and at the same time meet the set of

skills the industry is expecting them to learn acquire. With these requirements, educational

institutions strengthen their internship so that students can seamlessly apply the concepts they

have learned from school (Schoffstall, 2013).

When graduates are easily employed in the hospitality world indicates institutions have

provided quality institutions to their students. Aside from quality institutions, training through

practicum gives Hospitality Management Students the opportunity to enhance their skills and the

same time familiarize hotel operations and others service just like other industries, the hospitality

industry is also challenged in maintaining skilled and qualified workforce.

As an applied discipline, hospitality education has a close and strong linkage with its industry

in order to educate hospitality students by keeping abreast with the current industry trends

(Goodman and Soprague, 1991). This is to assess of HM Students of Northern Iloilo State

University Barotac Viejo Campus are ready to deployed in their practicum.

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 Republic of the Philippines
NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
NISU Barotac Viejo Campus
Puerto Princesa, Barotac Viejo, Iloilo

Statement of the Problem

This study will seek answers to the following questions.:

1. Is the level of readiness of BSHM graduating students of Northern Iloilo State University-

Barotac Viejo Campus when taken as a whole to gender, section, age, and socio-economic

status?

2. Is there a significant difference in the level of readiness of BSHM graduating students of

Northern Iloilo State University-Barotac Viejo Campus when taken as a whole and when

classified as gender, section, age and socio -economic status?

Hypothesis

There is no significant difference in the level of BSHM graduating students when classified as

gender, section, age, and socio-economic status.

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 Republic of the Philippines
NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
NISU Barotac Viejo Campus
Puerto Princesa, Barotac Viejo, Iloilo

Theoretical Framework

This study is supported by Berkow, Virkstis, Stewart, and Conway (2008), who argue that

readiness to practice is the ability to translate knowledge and theory into practice and the

possession of competencies that demonstrate the effective application of knowledge, skills,

abilities, and knowledge necessary for the practice. The practicum is a crucial part of the

curriculum that provides students with hands-on experience in their chosen field. The readiness

of a student for practicum is determined by several factors, including their academic

performance, skills, and knowledge.

One theoretical Framework that can be used assess the readiness of BSHM Graduating

Students of practicum is the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) developed Albert Bandura. SCT

posit that individuals learn through observation, modeling, are reinforcement in this context,

SCT suggest that BSHM Graduating Students readiness for practicum can be influence by their

previous experience and exposure to real-life situations.

Another theoretical Framework that can be applied to evaluate the readiness of BSHM

Graduating Students for practicum is the Self-Determination Theory (SDT) developed by

Richard Ryan, Left, and Edward Deci. SDT suggests that individuals are motivated by three

basic psychological needs: autonomy, competence, and relatedness. In this context, SDT

proposes that BSHM Graduating Students motivation to participate in practicum can be

influenced by their perceived level of autonomy and competence.

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 Republic of the Philippines
NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
NISU Barotac Viejo Campus
Puerto Princesa, Barotac Viejo, Iloilo

Using appropriate theoretical frameworks such as SCT and SDT can help educators assess the

readiness of BSHM Graduating Students for practicum effectively. By doing so, they can

provide targeted learning outcomes during their practical training in the hospitality industry.

Conceptual Framework

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

BSHM Graduating Students

Sex at birth

a) Sex

b) Section
Practicum
c) Age
Readiness
d)
seseSocio-economic status

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 Republic of the Philippines
NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
NISU Barotac Viejo Campus
Puerto Princesa, Barotac Viejo, Iloilo

Significance of the Study

The research findings of this study will be of great part with the practicum competencies

readiness of graduate students of Northern Iloilo State University of Barotac Viejo.

Students. This study will be able to know their competencies in the field of hospitality

industry the future of the hospitality industry, and therefore hospitality education, has been a

growing question in the minds of professionals and investors. As the pandemic has swept around

the globe, ìt has impacted nearly every industry, but hospitality has been hit particularly hard.

Teachers. As the second parents of the child in the school. They should emphasize the

learning competencies of their students as if directly associated to the preparedness of practicum.

Stakeholders. They are groups and individuals that have interest in the actions and be

outcomes of an organization and upon whom the organization relies to achieve its own objectives

(Jeffrey [Link]).

Commission on Higher Education. The result of the study will be beneficial to all

program implements of the Commission on Higher Education where they may consider the result

of the study particularly on the practicum competencies readiness of graduate students.

Future Researchers. They will have additional knowledge on how teachers teach their

students to become prepare in the field of hospitality industry.

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 Republic of the Philippines
NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
NISU Barotac Viejo Campus
Puerto Princesa, Barotac Viejo, Iloilo

Industrial Sector. Is a segment of the economy made up of businesses that aid other

businesses in manufacturing shipping or producing their products?

Scope and Delimitation of the Study. The descriptive research design study will

determine the practicum competencies readiness of graduate students of Northern Iloilo

State University Barotac Viejo. It is limited only to gather data or responses in the

practicum Readiness of Graduates Students.

Definition of Terms

Practicum Competencies/Baseline Competencies. Skills, Attitudes and Knowledge that

students should possess prior to their practicum training experience: Before beginning

practicum the student should possess and demonstrate a set of basic personal and

intellectual skills, attitudes and values, and a core of professional knowledge.

Practicum-A course of study designed especially for the preparation of teachers and

clinicians that involves the supervised practical application of previously studied theory.

Competencies. Competence is the set of demonstrable characteristics and skills that enable

and improve the efficiency or performance of a job. Competency is a series of knowledge,

abilities, skills, experiences and behaviors, which leads to effective performance in an

individual's activities.

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 Republic of the Philippines
NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
NISU Barotac Viejo Campus
Puerto Princesa, Barotac Viejo, Iloilo

Readiness- is the physical, motor, socio-emotional, behavioral, linguistic, and cognitive

skills indicating preparedness to receive formal educational instructional. The state of being

fully prepared for something.

Hospitality Management- An industry as diverse as the culinary delights that grace its

establishment tables. A customers oriented mindset is the guiding principles of the

industry.

Then there is management that stand for leadership and responsibility. Put the two together

and you get'' hospitality management.

Age- The length of an existence extending from the beginning to any given time.

Sex- Genders refers to the characteristics of women, men, girls and boys that are socially

constructed. This include norms, behavior and rules associated with being a woman, man,

girl or boy as well as a relationship with each other. As a social construct, gender varies

from society to society and can change over time.

Socio economic status- is an economic and sociological combined total measure of a

person's work experience and of an individuals or family economic access to resources and

social position in relation to others.

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 Republic of the Philippines
NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
NISU Barotac Viejo Campus
Puerto Princesa, Barotac Viejo, Iloilo

CHAPTER II

Work-integrated learning offers opportunities to ensure graduates are work ready.

Employees indicated that students often lack certain competencies (Soft skills) when they enter

the world of work and request faculty to ensure transferable skills are included and assessed as

part of the curriculum. The objective of this research will to establish what competencies the

hospitality management final year students from the school of NISU Barotac Viejo though they

needed at the start of their semesters of work-integrated learning compared to their thoughts at

the end of that semesters. The results were compared and used to recommend to faculty what

competencies should be infused in the curriculum to enhance students' opportunities to be

employed, and to conduct themselves in the business world of hospitality with confidence and

competently.

Competencies ( the term which will be used in this paper for skills such as soft skills,

Behavioural skills, generic attribute) that are necessary in any field of work should be an

important element in undergraduate programs( Bath,Smith,Stein and Swann, 2004) and are the

responsibility of higher educationalists to incorporate as part of teaching and learning (Hind et

al.2007) According to Rainsbury, Burchell and Lay (2000) the literature suggests that there is

insufficient importance placed on the developed of soft skills many higher education institutions.

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 Republic of the Philippines
NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
NISU Barotac Viejo Campus
Puerto Princesa, Barotac Viejo, Iloilo
It is not advised that competencies be taught as a form of a check list but be integrated and

contextualized into a curriculum (Bath,et al.2004).

Employ ability skills need to be embedded not only in any one module but must be

throughout the curriculum at all levels (Hind et al.2007) But faculty need to be mindful that

attempts to introduce attributes into the curricula have generally been unsuccessful (Barru 2006).

Work-integrated programmer has the purpose of preparing students for the workplace by

identifying and developing the important competencies that are believed to be needed by

employers (Hodges and Burchell,2003).

The relationship between tourism education and internships has been discussed extensively

in the literature. Internship programs create opportunities for closing the differences between

theoretical knowledge and real life practical experiences (Fox, 2011). A well-structured

internship has an important role in developing specific competencies that HM students need as

part of the general curriculum (Seyitoğlu & Yirik, 2015). Internship programs aim to prepare

students to be good leaders, making sound decisions with the theoretical knowledge they would

have gained during their study. According to Walo (2001), internships play a critical role to

increase the students’ learning capacities through active participation in various ways such as by

observing and doing. Internships assist students with developing their critical thinking, problem

solving, and communication skills which are considered to be essential components of a good

education by providing them with real life experience (Seyitoğlu & Yirik, 2015).

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 Republic of the Philippines
NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
NISU Barotac Viejo Campus
Puerto Princesa, Barotac Viejo, Iloilo

Internships increase students’ chances in finding employment when theoretical knowledge

is combined with competencies in experience, skill, and self-development (Busby, 2003).

However, Jenkin (2001) indicated that many graduates are drawn away from the sector due to

negative internship experiences. Bad internship experiences may damage the students’ images

within the organization, and may discourage students from joining the industry after graduation

(Busby, 2003). Student expectations before the internship experience are vastly different in terms

of their perceptions compared to their satisfaction during the internship period (Cho, 2006).

As the tourism and hospitality industry continues to grow at a phenomenal rate, so does the

demand for highly qualified and trained people (Gailliard, 2010; Jack, Stansbie, & Sciarini,

2017). Industry recruiters today are looking for graduates with skills beyond a university degree.

While most graduates are adequately prepared in relation to job knowledge, many lack the

required job skills (Gursoy, Rahman, & Swanger, 2012). To suitably meet the demands of

industry, educators must work with industry to source qualified graduates as future industry

leaders (Jack, Stansbie, & Sciarini, 2017). Many academic curricula are now inclusive of

compulsory student internships to complement traditional classroom learning. Internships help

students obtain exposure to practical work environments that are limited to the classroom

(Zopiatis & Constanti, 2007), put textbook theories into action, and reflect on their career paths

(Tse, 2010). Students who participate in internships can obtain a good sense of what it is like to

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 Republic of the Philippines
NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
NISU Barotac Viejo Campus
Puerto Princesa, Barotac Viejo, Iloilo
work for organizations in the industry, and acquire practical skills through hands on experience

and by networking in the workplace (Collins, 2002). Tourism and hospitality interns are also an

important labor substitute in fulfilling the needs of the industry.

Institutions that offer Tourism and Hospitality Management (THM) and Hotel Management

(HM) programs are on the frontlines in ensuring graduates are well trained for top level

positions. The School of Tourism and Hospitality Management, soon to become The School of

Business and Management at the University of the South Pacific recognizes the importance of

improving employability skills for tourism and hospitality undergraduates, hence the

development of the undergraduate THM and HM programs which incorporate internship courses.

These internship courses aim at blending theory with practical experience through experiential

learning.

The purpose of this study reported in this chapter is to explore the determinants of student

performance during hotel management internship learning experiences in the multi-cultural

context of the University of the South Pacific. This qualitative study of student reflections and

staff facilitation of internships will determine the factors that contribute to student performance

with their working and learning experiences. This study was limited to students undertaking the

Bachelor of Commerce in Hotel Management. It is mandatory for students undertaking the

program to complete a one-year hotel internship, which includes three courses: TS218 Rooms

Division Practical, TS303 Food and Beverage Practical, and TS304 Front Office and Sales and

Marketing Practical in relevant departments within an approved hotel. The proposed research has

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 Republic of the Philippines
NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
NISU Barotac Viejo Campus
Puerto Princesa, Barotac Viejo, Iloilo
practical implications for both academics who wish to further study student internship

performance, sponsors, and industry professionals and also serves as a framework for successful

internship experiences for future hospitality practitioners in the South Pacific.

Employers are dependent on the institutions of higher learning to produce graduates who

are work-ready. Generally, there is limited time to train and develop new recruits in the work.

(O'Shea and Watson 2007) and those who can hit the ground running will be able to take

initiative, think for themselves, explore by asking questions, be adapted and flexible, and have a

willingness you learn (Yorker and Harvey, 2005) Higher Education has a reputation for

providing students with a good basic theoretical and practical grounding together with WIL.

Hospitality internships are an integral part of almost all reputable Hospitality programs

worldwide. Despite their universal recognition as an essential component of Hospitality

education, their value is often superseded by the challenges facing hospitality stakeholders in

providing such an experience for the next generation of hospitality professionals. The aim of this

study is to measure the level of the students’ satisfaction with their internships with their

experiences on the service provided by the LPU–Laguna’s Internship office—Palaestra

Consortio—and the actual internship site as contributing factors. It was found that internship

offices and industry partners play a vital role in the student’s internship. The success of the

Internship office would greatly relate to the success of the internship site and vice versa. Both

also greatly affect the students’ satisfaction with their internship.

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 Republic of the Philippines
NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
NISU Barotac Viejo Campus
Puerto Princesa, Barotac Viejo, Iloilo
Internships are important requirements for the new graduates’ employment. Hergert (2009)

defines internship as an important part of any business school curriculum. He also stated that it

plays a crucial role in aiding the students to connect their traditional coursework and the actual

workplace. Internships, moreover, as stated by Yiu (2015), are the advantageous mechanism for

students to develop different skills. Furthermore, it can be synonymously related to

experiential learning as it enhances students’ individual, civic, and professional growth (Simons

et al., 2012). In the Philippines, an internship is commonly incorporated into the curriculum of

college students, as mandated by the Commission on Higher Education (CHED). It is an

opportunity to practice the actual setting of a specific industry. In fact, the CHED promulgated a

list of guidelines for students’ internship programs. As the objectives. Were stated in the CHED

Memorandum Order No. 23, series of 2009, the internship program aims to offer college students

enrolled in Higher Educational Institutions (HEI) in the country the chance to obtain practical

knowledge and skills, as well as positive attitudes and values from reputable establishments or

industries in the country. A recent study concluded that one of the two most effective

experiential learning experiences is through internships (Green et al., 2012), and the other one is

through live-case projects. Some Hospitality and Tourism HEIs in the Philippines have

developed their own career and internship office services to assist their students’ placement for

their practicum also known as internship. On the other hand, some countries.

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 Republic of the Philippines
NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
NISU Barotac Viejo Campus
Puerto Princesa, Barotac Viejo, Iloilo
Students will discuss and demonstrate critical thinking and problem-solving skills as they

participate in check-in (s) with supervisors throughout their practicum experiences. Students will

analyze and evaluate their practicum experiences as they describe how they have applied critical

thinking and problem-solving skills as well as interpersonal skills and groups to solve problems

they may have encountered.

As part of practicum, students will use appropriate, reliable resources and technology to

research and discuss developing a personal budget based on career choice and determining

effective money management and financial planning techniques.

Communication: There is nothing worse, as a customer in a restaurant, when you approach

a member of staff who is dismissive and rude. Communication skills are vital in ensuring that

customers are happy. Don’t worry, however, if you aren’t naturally confident when talking to

people you don’t know. The hospitality industry is ideal for individuals who want to develop and

refine their communication skills. This is due to the sheer number of people that hospitality staff

encounter every day, each with their own queries and/or problems.

Interpersonal Skills: Again, these skills are essential in customer service, and will therefore

be practiced every day whilst working in the hospitality industry. Interpersonal skills are those

gained by interacting with people around you. They are social skills such as empathy,

negotiation, listening, creative thinking, patience, and tolerance.

Problem-Solving: As the hospitality industry is customer-focused, staff have to deal with

multiple questions and problems every day. The ability to think quickly on your feet is learned

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NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
NISU Barotac Viejo Campus
Puerto Princesa, Barotac Viejo, Iloilo
swiftly so that staff can deal with these issues effectively. Problem-solving is also essential in

order to manage your time. Thinking of ways to make your menial jobs less time-consuming

means that you free up time to focus on harder tasks.

Teamwork: Almost every job within the hospitality industry involves teamwork. For

example, if you are a Restaurant Manager, you have to work with your Front of House staff to

ensure your customers remain happy. In the kitchens, team members must work together to

make sure that food is prepared on time and to the correct standard. Without effective teamwork,

customers don’t experience the quality service that they expect.

Multi-tasking: No day is the same within the hospitality industry. Customer footfall varies

on a daily basis, therefore, staff must be able to multi-task in order to deal with a potentially high

number of jobs in one day.

Flexibility: Not only do the majority of hospitality staff work long and difficult shifts, they

are also required to work during the holidays. Christmas and New Year, for example, are

typically the most profitable time of year for hospitality companies. Staff must remain flexible

with their personal plans to ensure that they can work when needed during the busy period. Of

course, there are benefits to working these difficult shifts. Most companies will offer incentives

such bonuses, or extra holidays to take later in the year.

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 Republic of the Philippines
NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
NISU Barotac Viejo Campus
Puerto Princesa, Barotac Viejo, Iloilo

CHAPTER III

Research Design

This study will use descriptive research design to determine the practicum readiness of

hospitality management students. Descriptive research is a type of research that describes a

population, situation, or phenomenon that is being used in a study. It involves collecting

data in order to test hypotheses or answer questions concerning the current status of the

subject of the study ( Sabung, Pablo, 2005.

Research Respondents

The respondents of this study are 4th-year students of the College of Hospitality

Management of Northern Iloilo State University Barotac Viejo Campus.

Locale of the Study

This study will be conducted at Northern Iloilo State University Barotac Viejo Campus

College of Hospitality Management.

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 Republic of the Philippines
NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
NISU Barotac Viejo Campus
Puerto Princesa, Barotac Viejo, Iloilo
Research Instrument

To get information and understand the practicum readiness of graduate students,

specifically, the instrument that will be used in this study is a survey questionnaire. It

consists of two parts. Part 1 will gather the profile data of respondents’ sex, section, age,

and socio-economic status.

Part II composed of 45 questionnaires will gather responses practicum readiness of graduating

students at NISU Barotac Viejo College in Boratac Viejo Iloilo `Philippines.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers secured an approval to conduct the study from the Campus Administrator.

The researchers then sent an approved letter to the Program chairperson of the College of

Hospitality Management. After seeking permission from the department the researchers

personally distributed the questionnaire to the respondents. The researchers checked

questionnaire were fully answered Retrieved questionnaire will be tabulated and analysed.

Data Analysis

After collecting the data needed, researchers will tabulate and analyze data using the

following statistical tools.

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 Republic of the Philippines
NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
NISU Barotac Viejo Campus
Puerto Princesa, Barotac Viejo, Iloilo
The means and percentage will be used to describe the number of respondents as a sex and

section.

Anova will be used to describe the independent variable as to section, gender male, female,

and others, age, and socio-economic status.

The test will be used to describe the independent variable as to sex, socio-economic status,

age, and 10,000 below, 10,000 above.

Table 1. Level of Readiness

Category Frequency Mean SD Description

Sex

Male 15 4.56 .34 Totally Ready

Female 30 4.58 .33 Totally Ready

Age

27-30 y/o 4 4.73 .36 Totally Ready

24-26 y/o 14 4.61 .29 Totally Ready

21-23 y/o 27 4.52 .35 Totally Ready

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 Republic of the Philippines
NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
NISU Barotac Viejo Campus
Puerto Princesa, Barotac Viejo, Iloilo
Socio-
Economic
Status

10,000 & Below 40 4.58 .32 Totally Ready

Above 10,000 5 4.45 .42 Totally Ready

Section

A 16 4.59 .35 Totally Ready

B 15 4.59 .33 Totally Ready

C 14 4.53 .33 Totally Ready

Legend: 1.00-1.80 (Not Ready at All), 1.81-2.60 (Slightly Ready), 2.61-3.40 (Not Ready),

3.41-4.20 (Slightly Ready), 4.21-5.00 (Totally Ready)

Table 2. Mann – Witne

RANKS

LEVEL OF SEX FREQUENCY MEAN Z VALUE SIG. (Z-

READINESS TAILED)
Male 15 4.56 -.145 .885
Female 30 4.58 -.633 .527

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NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
NISU Barotac Viejo Campus
Puerto Princesa, Barotac Viejo, Iloilo

D > 0.05 – not significant

Table 3

CATEGORIES F SIG.(Z- TAILED)

AGE .772 .468
SECTION

D > 0.05 – not significant

SECTION – ANOVA

ARBITRARY SCALE

5 - SA

4-A

3 - NEITHER AGREE OR NOR DISAGREE

2 - DA

1 - SD

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 Republic of the Philippines
NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
NISU Barotac Viejo Campus
Puerto Princesa, Barotac Viejo, Iloilo

Chapter IV

Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation of Data

This study will determine and analyzed the Response of BSHM 4 th year graduating

students of Northern Iloilo State University,Barotac Viejo Campus. The corresponding analysis

and interpretation of data are needed in this portion of the study.

This study will be determining and analyze the response of BSHM students regarding in their

experiences during their On the Job Training.

In Part one it presents the data of respondents including their graduating background

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 Republic of the Philippines
NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
NISU Barotac Viejo Campus
Puerto Princesa, Barotac Viejo, Iloilo
Part two in the data analysis, present percentages of graduating students

Part three represent the level of satisfaction on the BSHM hospitality graduating of

Northern,Iloilo State University-Barotac Viejo Iloilo.

Descriptive Data Analysis

The part one was the respondents personal information containing their age,gender,

section and socio-economic status.

Part I. What is the level of practicum Readiness of BSHM students of Northern Iloilo State

University Barotac Viejo Campus when taken as a Whole and when grouped according to

the gender, Section, age, and socio-economic status?

Table 1. Level of Readiness * Sex

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 Republic of the Philippines
NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
NISU Barotac Viejo Campus
Puerto Princesa, Barotac Viejo, Iloilo

Sex Mean N Std. Deviation

Male
4.5567 15 .33957

Female
4.5750 30 .32767

Total
4.5689 45 .32792

Table 1. Show that 15 out of 45 respondents were male and having a mean of 4.5567 and it has a

Std. Deviation of.33957 0n graduating students and it only proves that the 33.33% of the

respondents were male that been part of the graduating students. While the other hand there are

30 out of 45 respondents were female and its has a mean of 4.5750 and having a Std. Deviation

of .32767 which become 67% of the respondents were female that been part of the study on

practicum readiness. And for graduating students there are 15 out of 45 respondents were male

and its has a mean .33957and having a St d. Deviation of .32767 which means that 33.33% of the

study were male while for the female there are 30 female on the study having a mean of .33957

and it has a Std. Deviation of .32767on the study in the graduating students in Barotac Viejo,

Iloilo. And for the total mean of practicum readiness there are 4.5689 out of 45 respondents and

it a total Std. Deviation of 4.568.

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 Republic of the Philippines
NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
NISU Barotac Viejo Campus
Puerto Princesa, Barotac Viejo, Iloilo

Table 2. Level of Readiness * Age

Age Mean N Std. Deviation

27 - 30 years old
4.7250 4 .25981

24 - 26 years old
4.6071 14 .29539

21 - 23 years old
4.5259 27 .35229

Total
4.5689 45 .32792

Table 2 shows 4 out of 45 respondents aging of 27-30 years old are part of study and it has a

mean of .4.7250 and having St d. Deviation .25981 from graduating students , 14 out of 45

respondents of aging 24-26 years old it has mean of 4.6071 and having St d. Deviation 4.6071,

and 27 out of 45 respondents of aging 21-23 years old it has mean of 4.6071 and having St d.

Deviation 4.6071. and over all total of the practicum readiness was mean 4.5689 and a total of

Std. Deviation .32792, Only a small percentage of respondents, specifically 8.88% ,are 27-30

years old.

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NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
NISU Barotac Viejo Campus
Puerto Princesa, Barotac Viejo, Iloilo

Table 3. Level of Readiness * Socio-Economic Status

Level of Readiness

Socio-Economic Status Mean N Std. Deviation

10,000 and below

4.5837 40 .31833

above 10, 000

.32792 5 .32792

Total
4.5689 45 .32792

Table III. Show that 40 out of 45 respondents were 10,000 and below having a mean of

4.5837 and it has a std. Deviation of .31833 on practicum readiness, 5 out of 45 respond

practicum readiness was mean 4.5689 and a total of Std. Deviation .32792. and over all of total

practicum readiness was mean 4.5689 and a total Std. Deviation.32792

Table [Link] of Readiness * Section

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NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
NISU Barotac Viejo Campus
Puerto Princesa, Barotac Viejo, Iloilo

Level of Readiness

Section Mean N Std. Deviation

Section A
4.5875 16 .34761

Section B
4.5867 15 .32758

Section C
4,5869 14

Total
4.5689 45 .32792

This table 4 shows the total number of respondents from section A, section B, and section C. the

table also shows the mean, and deviation from section A we have 16 respondents, 15 from

section B and 14 respondents section C with the total of 45 respondents .

SEX

NPar Tests

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 Republic of the Philippines
NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
NISU Barotac Viejo Campus
Puerto Princesa, Barotac Viejo, Iloilo
Mann-Whitney Test

Ranks

Sex N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks

Level of Readiness Male

15 22.60 339.00

Female
30 23.20 696.00

Total
45

This table show the Sex us NPar Test the ranks of respondent, male are part of the study it has a

mean rank of 22.60 and having a Sum of Ranks of 339.00 and female it has a mean rank of 23.20

and having a sum of ranks of 696.00.

AGE

Oneway

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 Republic of the Philippines
NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
NISU Barotac Viejo Campus
Puerto Princesa, Barotac Viejo, Iloilo

ANOVA

Level of Readiness

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

Between Groups
.168 2 .084 .772 .468

Within Groups
4.564 42 .109

Total
4.731 44

This table shows the Age One way the anova of respondents where Between Groups and within

[Link] groups having a Sum of Square .168, df 2, mean square .084, f .772 and

sig. .468 and the within groups having a sum of square .4.564, df 42, and mean Square .109.

SOCIO ECONOMIC STATUS

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 Republic of the Philippines
NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
NISU Barotac Viejo Campus
Puerto Princesa, Barotac Viejo, Iloilo
NPar Tests

Mann-Whitney Test

Ranks

Socio-Economic Status N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks

Level of Readiness 10,000 and below

40 23.44 937.50

above 10, 000

5 19.50 97.50

Total
45

The table shows the socio- economic status NPar tests the ranks of respondents where highest

most answered question on level of readiness are 10,000 and below having N of 40 respondents

the mean rank of level of readiness were 23.44 and sum of ranks is 937.50, while on above

10,000 having N of 5 respondents the mean rank is 19.50 and sum of ranks is 97.50 .

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 Republic of the Philippines
NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
NISU Barotac Viejo Campus
Puerto Princesa, Barotac Viejo, Iloilo

Test Statistics

Level of Readiness

Mann-Whitney U
219.000

Wilcoxon W 339.000

Z -.145

Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) .885

a. Grouping Variable: Sex

This table the test statistic where the level readiness Mann-Whitney U has 219.000 , for

Wilcoxon W 339.000 , Z -145 ig. .885 in this table.

Chapter V

Conclusion and Recommendations

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 Republic of the Philippines
NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
NISU Barotac Viejo Campus
Puerto Princesa, Barotac Viejo, Iloilo
Introduction

In this chapter, the conclusions derived from the findings of the study on the perspective of

BSHM 4th year students of Northern Iloilo State University in the relation to practicum readiness.

The conclusions were based on the purpose, research questions, and the result of the study. The

implications of these findings and the resultants recommendations will also be explained.

Recommendations were based on the conclusions and the purpose of the study.

Overview of the Study

The study was exploratory, descriptive, and qualitative study. The researcher adopted a

phenomenological approach to achieve the objectives of the study. Two sets of questionnaire

were distributed among the respondents.

‘’ What is the level of practicum readiness of BSHM 4 th year students of NISU in relation to age,

gender, and socio-economic status?’’

By answering this question, the study achieved the following objectives:

 To determine, assess and describe the level of practicum readiness of the students and to

identify whether age, gender, and socio-economic status directly influence it.

 To gain an understanding of their experiences

Discussion, Implication, and Limitations

Through the eyes of the “work readiness” concept, the current paper investigates the

value of the internship experience. It examines students’ perceptions on how prepared

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NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
NISU Barotac Viejo Campus
Puerto Princesa, Barotac Viejo, Iloilo
they believed themselves to be for the job market using data from a survey of the students

who had a completed internship.

According to the body of the research of the advantages internships of the students.

(Callanan and Benzing, 2004; Coco, 2000; Gault et al.), the results of this study suggests

that the internship programs increases students’ employment prospects because they

adequately prepare them to cope with the realities of the working world (Sanahuja Velez

and Ribes Gines, 2000).

The internship experience allowed students to realize on how they can excel in the

workplace and identify what matters to them in order to be fully engaged. Students

evaluated the internship experience favourably in terms of their overall understanding

(what it takes to perform well at work), motivation (what would motivate them to engage

in desired behaviours at work), and skills (key competencies to perform certain work

task).

First, it was discovered that the clarity of the role was important. Interns are more

productive and satisfied when they know exactly what is expected on them. They become

aware of what they should prioritize, familiarize themselves with various issues relating

to accountability and reporting, and understand the values of the feedback and

adaptability.

The likelihood that internship will be successful for both the intern and the employer

Increases with such clarity in the roles and the responsibilities assumed by the interns

(Hurts et al., Knouse and Fontenot (2008),2012). The respondents rated work

environment

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NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
NISU Barotac Viejo Campus
Puerto Princesa, Barotac Viejo, Iloilo
(extrinsic reward) and responsibility and opportunity for growth (intrinsic reward) as the

rewards they valued the most. In order to motivate interns to exhibit the desired

behaviour and feel satisfied with their overall internship experience, both intrinsic and

extrinsic rewards are significant (Cho, 2006; Knouse and Fontenot ,2008). Finally, a wide

it was discovered that the internships helped students develop a variety of skills that

future employers highly desired. In agreement with earlier research’s findings (Chhinzer

and Russo, 2018; Gault et al.,2000) verbal and written communication, effective

collaboration, working as a team member, using technology, problem solving, time

management, taking initiative, and assuming responsibility are some of the skill areas that

respondents reported that they have considerably practiced thru their placement in

employing firms. It is important to note that the majority of respondents has professional

relationships either in the past or at the time of the survey. This finding strengthen the

reliability of the responses given because the respondents had a clear understanding of

what the internship might actually offer them in terms of skill development and personal

growth. Career prospects and internships students, universities internship providers, and

other participants all need to consider the study’s finding e.g. companies that provide the

placement for students’ chances of finding employment may improve if they have a clear

understanding of what they should invest in an internship and what they need to do to get

the most get out of it. Academic institutions with internship programs may help students

transition more smoothly from the classroom to the working world and thus enhance their

reputation. When creating a curriculum, curriculum designers should think about the

types of skill that they will be fostered during the internship and how those skills will

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NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
NISU Barotac Viejo Campus
Puerto Princesa, Barotac Viejo, Iloilo
complement those that the student have already developed in the classroom. The

effectiveness of the internship experience for both parties would also be improved by a

process of selecting the students of the internship that would allow a very good fit

between the profile of the internship candidate and the profile of the profile provider.

Recommendations

The researcher deduced that a students’ family income level, mode of attending: full

time/part time, whether they have received grant aid, and completion advanced level

classes in high school among other factors has a statistically important effect on college

students. According to previous research, a students’ performance can be affected due to

social, psychological, economic, environmental, and personal factors. Learner’s

performance in school and in higher institutes is influenced by various factor including

student’s learning ability, race, gender, etc. This systematic review explains students

factor such as student’s skills; cognitive abilities, affective characteristics, attitude

intelligence, motivation, gender, demographics, interest, beliefs, self-efficacy, learning

academic activities, task-value, and mastery goal orientation and coping mechanism and

study strategies identified the effect of student’s metacognitive competence on

performing practicum.

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 Republic of the Philippines
NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
NISU Barotac Viejo Campus
Puerto Princesa, Barotac Viejo, Iloilo
Conclusion

The study carried out showed that the relationship between Teachers’ Job

satisfaction has a high influence on the academic performance of the students that

resulted to their dedication to perform well in their practicum. As per the study

conducted, the communication, learning facilities and proper guidance showed the

positive impact and the family stress showed the negative impact on the students’

performance.

The study also finds that the student-teacher relationship plays a critical role and that

child-parent and student-teacher are interdependent. The critical analysis revealed the fact

that the teacher’s role in student overall development is critical. Parents’ involvement in

child education is always associated with changes in the academic performance of the

students.

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 Republic of the Philippines
NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
NISU Barotac Viejo Campus
Puerto Princesa, Barotac Viejo, Iloilo

PART 1: PERSONAL PROFILE

Direction: Fill in the appropriate data being asked in the questions. Respectively confidentially,
the respondent has rights to write their name or not. Next Sections fill in where they belong last
gender will response Neither by male and female and the socio-economic status and the age from
( ) 21-23, ( ) 24-26, and ( )27-30.

Name:(Optional)

Section:

Gender: ( ) Male ( ) Female ( ) Others

Socio- economic status:

( ) 10, 000 and below

( ) above 10,000

Age:

( ) 21-23

( ) 24-26

( ) 27- 30

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 Republic of the Philippines
NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
NISU Barotac Viejo Campus
Puerto Princesa, Barotac Viejo, Iloilo

Part II: Practicum Competencies

Direction: Check each box as correspond to your answer as to Strongly Agree, Agree, Neither
Agree nor disagree, Disagree, Strongly Disagree.
(5) Strongly Agree (4) Agree (3) Neither Agree nor disagree (2) Disagree (1) Strongly Disagree

Questions: Strongly Agree Agree Neither Strongly Strongly

Practicum readiness of Agree nor Disagree disagree
Bachelor of Science in disagree
Hospitality management
Graduating student of
NISU-BVC, I……..

1. Handle multiple
responsibilities in an
effective manner.

[Link] effectively use

appropriate form of
communication during
operation.

[Link] communicate
effectively through verbal
and written
communication.
[Link] information
using appropriate
business presentations.

[Link] managerial
skills, planning skills,
staffing in my work.

[Link] goodwill by
being courteous,
friendly and helpful to
guests and colleagues.

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 Republic of the Philippines
NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
NISU Barotac Viejo Campus
Puerto Princesa, Barotac Viejo, Iloilo

7. work well with others

and listen attentively
and constructively to
ideas, suggestions
issues, issues and
concerns among co-
workers.

8. calmly and
unobtrusively handle
problems with the
guests who have their
complaints.

[Link] communicate well

with customers will
respect and pleasing
personality.

10. attain and maintain

professional competence
while doing the assigned
tasks.

11. knowledgeable in
using computer prior in
using computer during
my study in nisu-barotac
viejo campus.

12.I have the knowledge

in promotions and
transactions involve in
hospitality program.

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 Republic of the Philippines
NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
NISU Barotac Viejo Campus
Puerto Princesa, Barotac Viejo, Iloilo

13. I have full

understanding of the
marketing concepts and
applying hospitality
marketing functions.

14. well-informed about

the rules and roles of
human resources in
hospitality program.

15. understand and can

analyze accounting data.
16. Respond to others’
comments during a
conversation or meetings.

[Link] well with fellow

employees and supervisors.

[Link] sources and

means to resolve conflict
among employees.

19. Coordinate the work of

peers and supervisors

20. Propose strategies to

business-related plans and
activities

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 Republic of the Philippines
NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
NISU Barotac Viejo Campus
Puerto Princesa, Barotac Viejo, Iloilo

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Puerto Princesa, Barotac Viejo, Iloilo

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NISU Barotac Viejo Campus
Puerto Princesa, Barotac Viejo, Iloilo

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NISU Barotac Viejo Campus
Puerto Princesa, Barotac Viejo, Iloilo

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Puerto Princesa, Barotac Viejo, Iloilo

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 Republic of the Philippines
NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
NISU Barotac Viejo Campus
Puerto Princesa, Barotac Viejo, Iloilo

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