Module 2 : Basic Fitting Lesson 16.
Types of Vices
Objectives : At the end of this lesson, you shall be able to:
• state the different types of vices
• state the uses of quick releasing vice, pipe vice, hand vice, pin vice and leg vice.
Vices are work – holding devices used for the movable jaw operates vertically. The
securing regular- shaped workpieces. There pipe vice grips the work at four points on
are different types of vices. They are quick its surface. The parts of the pipe vice are
releasing vice, pipe vice, hand vice, pin vice shown in Fig 2.
and toolmaker’s vice.
Hand Vice (Fig 3): Hand vice are used for
Quick Releasing Vice (Fig 1): It is similar gripping screws, rivets, keys, small drills,
to an ordinary bench vice, but the opening of and other similar objects that are too small
the movable jaw is operated using a trigger to be conveniently held in a bench vice. A
(lever). When the trigger at the front of the hand vice is made in various shapes and
movable jaw is pressed, the nut disengages sizes, with lengths varying from 125 to 150
from the screw, enabling the movable jaw to mm and jaw widths from 40 to 44 mm. The
be set in any desired position quickly. jaws can be opened and closed using the
wing nut on the screw that is fastened to one
leg and passes through the other.
Fig 1
Fig 3
Pipe Vice (Fig 2): A pipe vice is used for
holding round sections of metal, tubes, and
pipes. In this vice, the screw is vertical and Pin Vice (Fig 4): A pin vice is used for
holding small diameter jobs. It consists of
Fig 2 a handle and a small collet chuck at one
end. The chuck carries a set of jaws that are
operated by turning the handle.
Fig 4
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Basic Fitting 2
Toolmaker’s Vice (Fig 5) 5 Spring
The Toolmaker’s vice is used for holding 6 Pivot
small workpieces that require filing, drilling,
7 Leg
or marking on a surface plate. This vice
is made of mild steel and is accurately 8 Clamp
machined.
The hinged jaw moves in a radial path, the
Fig 5 job held in this vice in not gripped properly
because of the line contact. (Fig 7) Hence a
work which can be carried out on a bench
vice is not held on a leg vice. Jobs which
require hammering only are held on a leg
vice.
Fig 7
Leg vice
A leg vice is a holding device generally used
in a forge shop for bending and forging work.
It is made of mild steel to prevent breakage
while hammering.
Main Parts of a leg Vice (Fig 6)
1 Solid jaw
2 Movable Jaw
3 Threaded jaw
4 Spindle Review Questions
1 Name any three types of vice.
Fig 6
2 What are the uses of a hand vice?
3 Mention the purposes of a toolmaker’s
vice.
4 What kind of work is held in a leg vice,
and why?
2
Module 2 : Basic Fitting Exercise 16.2
Filing Channel, Paralle
Objectives : At the end of this exercise, you shall be able to:
• hold the job in a bench vice horizontally for filing
• file a flat surface with a flat bastard file
• check the flatness of the filed surface with a straight edge/ blade of a try square
• check the parallelism with an outside calipers and steel rule.
Requirements
Tools/Instruments Equipments/Machines
• Flat file 300 mm Bastard • Surface plate
• Flat file 300 mm Smooth • Bench vice 150 m
• Steel rule 300 mm
• Straight edge 300 mm
• Try square 150 mm
• Marking block
Job Sequence
• Check the stock size with a steel rule. • Check the surface level using a straight
edge/blade of a try square.
• Hold the job in the bench vice so that
surface S1 is on top (Fig 1). • Mark a 35 mm line on surfaces S2 & S3
parallel to S1 using a jenny caliper.
• File surface S1 with a flat bastard file.
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Basic Fitting 2
Fig 1 Fig 2
• Check the parallelism with an outside
• File the rib up to the marked line (Fig 2) caliper and steel rule.
and verify the size with a steel rule. Safety
• Check the surface level using a straight Apply only limited clamping force to
edge. prevent bending of the ribs.
16.3 : Filing Channel, Paralle
Skill Sequence
Check the height of a bench vice (Fig 1). If (Fig 2) and push the file forward using the
the height is too high, use a platform. If it is palm of your right or left hand. Hold the tip of
too low, select and use another workbench. the file according to the quantity of metal to
be removed.
Fig 1
Fig 2
- For heavy filing (Fig 3).
Fig 3
Hold the job in the bench vice with a
projection of 5 to 10mm from the top of the
vice jaw. Select flat files of various grades
and length according to the size of the job,
the quantity of metal to be removed, and
the material of the job. Ensure the handle of - For light filing (Fig 4).
the file fits tightly. Hold the handle of the file - For removing local unevenness (Fig 5).
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Basic Fitting 2
Fig 4 Fig 6
Fig 5
Start filing by applying uniform pressure
during the forward stroke and releasing
pressure during the return stroke.
Continue giving strokes, balancing the
pressure so that the file remains flat and
straight over the surface being filed.
Caution
For removing local unevenness, draw filing
can also be done (Fig 6). The same technique Never use a file without a handle.
can be used for fine finishing.
16.4 : Checking flatness and squareness
Skill Sequence
Checking flatness (Fig 1) Checking squareness
Use the blade of the try square as a straight Consider the large finished surface as the
edge to check flatness. Place the blade of reference surface. Ensure that this surface
the try square on the surface being checked is filed perfectly and is free from burrs. Butt
in all directions to cover the entire surface. and press the stock against the reference
Perform the checking facing the light. Any surface (Fig 2). Slowly bring down the blade
light gaps will indicate high and low spots. (Fig 3) so that it touches the second surface
with which the squareness is to be checked.
Fig 1
Caution
Do not rub the try square blade on the
workpiece.
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Basic Fitting 2
Fig 2 Fig 3
Caution
Keep the try square clean and free
from dust and dirt.
16.5 : Measuring with Outside Calipers
Skill Sequence
Outside calipers: Select a caliper based the workpiece to provide the correct sense
on the dimension to be measured. A 150 of “feel”. Since the accuracy of reading sizes
mm capacity outside caliper can measure depends largely on the user’s sense of feel,
sizes from 0 to 150 mm. Open the jaws of high care should be exercised to achieve the
the caliper until they pass clearly over the correct feel. (Fig 2)
dimension to be measured. The workpiece
Fig 2
must be stationary while measuring the
sizes. Place one point of the caliper leg on
the workpiece to get the sense of ‘feel’ on
the other point of the leg. (Fig 1)
Fig 1
For spring outside calipers, adjust the screw
nut so that the jaws just slip from the external
diameter of the workpiece to provide the
correct sense of feel (Fig 3). Once the caliper
is adjusted for the correct ‘feel’ transfer the
measurement to a steel rule or any other
If there is clearance at the other point, gently precision measuring instrument as needed.
tap the back of one leg on a wooden piece
until it just slips from the external diameter of
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Basic Fitting 2
Fig 3 The point of one jaw must be placed over
the graduation so that the point of the other
jaw is parallel with the edge of the steel rule.
Record the reading with an accuracy of ±0.5
mm. Similarly, take measurements at the
middle and at the end. If all dimensions are
equal, then the workpiece is parallel. (Fig 5)
Fig 5
Checking Parallelism with Outside Caliper
(Fig 4)
Fig 4
Brain Teaser
How are Bench vice & specified?
