LIST OF SYMBOLS

Ø – Diameter

M - Metric units

dc - Coarse diameter

d - Diameter

ft - Tensile stress

fs - Shear stress

P1 - Initial tension

P - Load

* - Multiplication

1
 DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF TILTING VICE

ABSTRACT

Generally vice is a common device used to hold work for carrying out
various operations due to quick loading and unloading capability. Tilting vice is a
device used on the shop floor holding the job during machining operation at
various angle. Tilting vice provides various angular position to make the angular
machining of milling machine. It is generally clamped with two pressure pads.
The two jaws are holding the job very rigidly. Angle holding double jaw vice can
also be used for all kind of machining operation.

MAIN OBJECTIVE

 In this concept the tilting vice is very useful in drilling machine, milling
machines, grinding machines etc..,

 This is the small machine attachments which we have designed specially for
all machine.

 By this attachment we can do lot of operation in different machine

 Some complicated components needs differed type of drilling holes and

milling operation.

 So designing the separate fixture for holding in such machines is much cost.

 So this tilting vice attachments shows the most important in machines.

 Vices usually have one fixed jaw and another, parallel, jaw which is moved
towards or away from the fixed jaw by the screw.

2
 1. PROJECT PLANNING

Before starting every project its planning is to be done. Planning is very

important task and should be taken with great care, as the efficiency of the whole
project largely depends upon its planning while planning a project each and every
details should be worked out in anticipation and should carefully is considered
with all the relating provisions in advance. Project planning consists of the
following steps.

PROJECT CAPACITY
The capacity of the project must be decided considering the amount of
money which can be invested and availability of material and machines.

DRAWINGS
Drawing been decided for the project to be manufacture. Its detailed drawing
specification for raw material and finished products should be decided carefully
along with the specification of the machines required for their manufacture.

MATERIAL EQUIPMENT
The list of materials required for manufacture is prepared from the drawings.
The list of is known as “BILL OF MATERIALS”. This passes to the store keeper

3
and the required materials taken from the store under permission of store keeper
operation, the necessity of operation, the person to do the job, machine to be used
to do the job are considered while planning the operation. After considering tea
above questions a best method is developed and the best method is applied to the
operation.

MACHINE LOADING
While planning proper care should be taken to find the machining time for
each operation as correct as possible. So that the arrangement for full utilization of
machine can be made machine loading programmed is also known.

PURCHASE CONSIDERATION
It is different to manufacture all the component needed for the equipment in
the workshop it self. The decision about a particular item whether to purchase or to
manufacture is taken by planning after making through study of relative merits
demerits.

EQUIPMENT CONSIDERATION
Result obtained from “PROCESS PLANNING” and “MACHINE LODING”
helps in calculating the equipment requirement specification of the equipment
should be laid down by considering the drawing. Drawing will also help in
deciding and necessary requirement of tools, accessories.

COST CALCULATION

The cost of the project can be calculated by adding following.

1. Material Cost
2. Machining Cost
4
3. Overhead Expenses.

COMPARISION
The various items in the finished project are compared to the standards for
the further correction.

REPORT
At the end of the project work report is prepared for future references. The
report consists of all the items done the project work.

5
 2.VARIOUS VICE IN ENGINEERING FIELD

Vise

A vise or vice (see American and British English spelling differences) is a

mechanical screw apparatus used for holding or clamping a work piece to allow
work to be performed on it with tools such as saws, planes, drills, mills,
screwdrivers, sandpaper, etc. Vises usually have one fixed jaw and another, parallel, jaw
which is moved towards or away from the fixed jaw by the screw.

Types

Without qualification, "vise" usually refers to a bench vise with flat, parallel jaws,
attached to a workbench. There are two main types: a woodworking vise and
engineer's vise. The woodworker's bench vise main characteristic is its integration

6
into the bench. An engineer's bench vise is usually clamped or bolted onto the top
of the bench.[1]

Woodworking vises

Woodworker's vise

For woodworking, the jaws are made of wood, plastic or from metal, in the latter
case they are usually faced with wood to avoid marring the work piece. The top
edges of the jaws are typically brought flush with the bench top by the extension of
the wooden face above the top of the iron moveable jaw. This jaw may include a
dog hole to hold a bench dog. In modern metal woodworkers' vises, a split nut is
often used. The nut in which the screw turns is in two parts so that, by means of a
lever, it can be removed from the screw and the moveable jaw can be quickly slid
into a suitable position at which point the nut is again closed onto the screw so that
the vise may be closed firmly onto the work.

7
Engineer's vises

A machine vise on a rotary table

Engineer's bench vise or fitter's vise - image inset shows soft jaws

A small machine vise used in a drill press

An engineer's vise, also known as a metalworking bench vise or fitter's vise, is

used in metalworking applications. The jaws are made of soft or hard metal. The
8
vise is bolted onto the top surface of the bench with the face of the fixed jaws just
forward of the front edge of the bench. The bench height should be such that the
top of the vise jaws is at or just below the elbow height of the user when standing
upright. The vise may include other features such as a small anvil on the back of its
body.

The nut in which the screw turns may be split so that, by means of a lever, it can be
removed from the screw and the screw and moveable jaw quickly slid into a
suitable position at which point the nut is again closed onto the screw. The
disadvantage to this system is lower precision, as compared to a solid screw
system. Vise screws are usually either of an Acme thread form or a buttress thread.
Those with a quick-release nut use a buttress thread. Some vises have a hydraulic
or pneumatic screw, making setup not only faster, but more accurate as human
error is reduced

For large parts, an array of regular machine vises may be set up to hold a part that
is too long for one vise to hold. The vises' fixed jaws are aligned by means of a dial
indicator so that there is a common reference plane.

For multiple parts, several options exist, and all machine vise manufacturers have
lines of vises available for high production work:

 The first step is a two clamp vise, where the fixed jaw is in the center of the
vise and movable jaws ride on the same screw to the outside.
 The next step up is the modular vise. Modular vises can be arranged and
bolted together in a grid, with no space between them. This allows the greatest
density of vises on a given work surface. This style vise also comes in a two
clamp variety.

9
 Tower vises are vertical vises used in horizontal machining centers. They
have one vise per side, and come in single or dual clamping station varieties. A
dual clamping tower vise, for example, will hold eight relatively large parts
without the need for a tool change.

 Tombstone fixtures follow the same theory as a tower vise. Tombstones

allow four surfaces of vises to be worked on one rotary table pallet. A
tombstone is a large, accurate, hardened block of metal that is bolted to the
CNC pallet. The surface of the tombstone has holes to accommodate modular
vises across all four faces on a pallet that can rotate to expose those faces to the
machine spindle.

 New work holding fixtures are becoming available for five-axis machining
centers. These specialty vises allow the machine to work on surfaces that would
normally be obscured when mounted in a traditional or tombstone vise setup.

Jaws

Aluminum soft jaw shown holding five parts at a time in a CNC milling machine.

10
There are two main types of jaws on engineer's vises: hard and soft. Hard jaws are
available with either a coarse gripping surface or are ground flat and smooth to
increase accuracy. The latter relies on pressure for gripping, instead of a rough
surface. An unskilled operator has the tendency to over-tighten jaws, leading to
part deformation and error in the finished workpiece.

Soft jaws are usually made from a soft metal (usually aluminum), plastic, or wood.
They are used to either hold delicate workpieces or cut to hold specifically shaped
workpieces. These specifically cut jaws are often used in place of fixtures and most
commonly used in gang operations. They are also used for rapid change-over type
set-ups since they can be easily engraved with the part number, the job number, or
other information relevant to the job being run. Soft jaws are considered a
consumable item, because they are discarded or recycled after multiple uses.

Others
 hand vises
 machine vises - drill vises (lie flat on a drill press bed). Vises of the same
general form are used also on milling machines and grinding machines.

 compound slide vises are more complex machine vises. They allow speed
and precision in the placement of the work.

 cross vises, which can be adjusted using lead screws in the X and Y axes;
these are useful if many holes need to be drilled in the same workpiece using a
drill press. Compare router table.

 off-center vises

 angle vises

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 sine vises, which use gauge blocks to set up a highly accurate angle

 rotary vises

 diemakers' vises

 pin vises (for holding thin, long cylindrical objects by one end)

 jewellers' vises and by contrast

 leg vises, which are attached to a bench but also supported from the ground
so as to be stable under the very heavy use imposed by a blacksmith's work.

12
 3. INTRODUCTION OF VICE AND CLAMPING:

3.1 General

This project namely “Tilting Vice” is designed and fabricated by us is

used for holding steel jobs for various purposes such as cutting, shaping, milling
assembly works etc. It is mostly used by fitter and machinist. It has more
advantages comparatively with other vices. It is light in construction, having more
capacity to hold wooden jobs and other components.

A vice is most common device used to hold work, for carrying out
various operations, due to its quick loading and unloading capability. It may be
fitted on a work-bench (table) or on a machine table. These are named accordingly
as Bench Vice and Machine Vice respectively. For light duty work a small vice
may also be held by hand. Such a vice is called Hand Vice. Provision is made in
the design of each vice to adjust the distance between its jaws for accommodating
different sized jobs. Usually a screwed pair is used for this purpose.

Each vice has four main parts:

1. Fixed Jaw: It is usually integral with the vice body or base.

2. Movable Jaw: It slides on the ways of casting and is operated with a
screw or spindle.
3. Screw: It gives the movable jaw the forward or backward movement and
to do so it is rotated by a handle known as screw bar.

13
 4. Casting: It constitutes the base of the vice and has ways for the movable
bar.
But in case of carpentry vice, it is mainly designed specially for wooden jobs

to facilitate operations such as shaping or cutting off to length.

CLAMPING:

Clamping elements hold the work piece firmly engaged with the

locating elements during operation. The clamping system should be strong enough

to withstand forces developed during operation. At the same time, the clamping

force should not dent or damage the work piece. Speed of operation, operator

fatigue and strategic positioning are other important considerations for contriving a

clamping system.

3.2 Principles of Clamping

Position:

Clamping should be positioned to direct the clamping force on a strong,

supported part of the work piece. Clamping on unsupported part bends slender

work pieces affects the accuracy of the operation.

The clamping system should not obstruct the path of loading and unloading

of the work piece. The clamps in the path of loading should be retractable or

14
swinging type so that the clamps can be withdrawn or swung clear of the path of

loading and unloading of the work piece.

Clamps should not obstruct the path of the cutting tool. They should not get

drilled, milled or welded during operation.

Strength:

The clamping system should be capable of holding the work piece security

against the forces developed during operation. The clamping force should not dent

or damage the work piece with excessive pressure. For clamping weak or fragile

work pieces, the clamping force should be distributed over a wider area of the

work piece. While clamping soft work pieces, clamps should be fitted with pads of

softer materials, such as nylon or fibre to prevent damage and denting of the work

piece.

Productivity:

Clamping time should be minimized by using hand knobs, tommy bars,

knurled screws, hand wheels and handles so that the clamp can be tightened or

loosened manually without using spanners, as a spanner further adds motions of

picking, aligning, and laying it down.

Operator Fatigue:

15
 Operator fatigue should be taken into account. If a considerable number of

clamps are to be tightened and loosened repeatedly, it is better to use pneumatic or

hydraulic clamping which, in addition to reducing operator fatigue, also saves

clamping time. Power clamping facilitates tightening or loosening of many clamps

simultaneously.

16
 4. MAJOR COMPONENTS OF TILTING VICE

This vice has nine parts which are assembled with the help of screw joints
and weld. The parts are,

1. Base
2. Tilting base
3. Position pin
4. Fixed jaw
5. Movable jaw
6. Guide rodse
7. Screwed arrester
8. Screw rod
9. Handle
Bolts and nuts are used for hinges and also used as a lock pin.

4.1 BASE

It is the base of the all other parts. The base is welded with hinged edge post.
The hinged edge post connects tilting base and it has vice arrangement. The base
provides a support to the work piece griply and securely. This base is made up of
Grade24 material (M.S), it is welded only by arc welding rod other details, and
specifications are as follows,

4.2 TILING BASE:

17
 It is the base of the vice arrangement. The base is welded with hinged edge
post. The hinged edge post connects tilting base and it has vice arrangement. The
base provides a support to the work piece griply and securely. This base is made up
of Grade24 material (M.S), it is welded only by arc welding rod other details, and
specifications are as follows

4.3 POSITION PIN

Position pin is used to fix the angle of vice. In our project we have fabricated one
set of arrester, with the help of fasteners we can fix them.

4.4 FIXED JAW

The fixed jaw is a single piece which is integral with crew rod and guide rod
by means of bolts .these jaws use for clamping the work piece gripply and securely
. The other detail and specifications are given below.

SPECIFICATION

Material - Mild Steel

Weight - 1/2 kg

Operations - Gas cutting, Shaping, Drilling, Tapping

4.5 MOVABLE JAW

A moving jaw of three plates which are fixed to the screw rod
using a bolt and nut. These jaws are also for clamping the work piece gripply and
securely and specifications are given below.

SPECIFICATION

Material - Mild Steel (PLATE)

18
 Weight - 3/4 kg

Operations - Cutting, Shaping, Drilling and Tapping

4.6. SCREW ROD

This screwed rod consists of a “V-Thread’ of M 20 and pitch of

2.5 mm of course thread. At one end of the screwed rod , step is formed and a hole
is drilled for inserting the handle rod and to fasten the movable jaw through the
fixed jaw arrangement .

The other details and specifications are given below.

SPECIFICATION

Material - Mild Steel

Size - 105 x Ø 20 mm

- Weight - 1 kg

Operations - Gas Cutting, Turning, Facing, Drilling, External Threading

4.7. HANDLE

This is a lengthy cylindrical rod which is inserted to the head of the

screwed rod. It is used for rotating the screw rod in clock wise or in antilock
direction.

In order to move the movable jaw holding arrangement forward or

backward. The other details and specification are given below.

SPECIFICATION

Material - Mild Steel (ROD)

19
 Size - 160 x Ø8mm

Weight - 1/4 kg

Operations - Turning, Facing.

4.8 Assembling of Parts

To assemble the unit, the screw rod and guide rod are inserted into

Fixed jaws and movable jaws through the holes which are already drilled. The

handle head at the screw rod is inserted with the handle rod and the guide rods are

arrested using M6 bolts. The other end of the screw rod and guide rods are arrested

at the screw arrester using M6 bolts through the holes drilled by tapping process.

The movable jaw is integrated with attached using M20 nut. When the handle rod

is rotated which attached to the screwed rod the movable jaw moves slides forward

over the rod and now the job is fixed between the jaws. When the handle is rotated

in the opposite direction the jaw moves backward and tightens the job. The

movement of the jaw is mainly depends on the rotation of the handle in the

clockwise or anticlockwise direction.

20
 5. DESIGN ASPECTS AND OPERATIONS

5.1. PROPERTIES OF MILD STEEL

PHYSICAL PROPERTY

Density - 7680 kg/m3

Melting point -1427° c

Thermal conductivity – 63 W/ Mk

CARBON CONTENT

Low carbon (or) Mild steel – 0.15% to 0.45% carbon

MECHANICAL PROPERTY

 Elasticity
 Ductility
 Toughness
 Weld ability

5.2. OPERATIONS INVOLVED

 Facing (flat surface)

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  Drilling
 Gas cutting (flat plate)
 Shaping
 Welding
 Riveting
 Thread cutting

FACING

Machining the end of the work piece to produce flat surface is called facing.
Due to this, the plate can get flat surface have done by facing operation.

DRILLING

Drilling is operation of producing cylindrical hole in the work piece. It is done

by rotating the cutting edge of the cutter known as drill bit. In our project the
drilling is done on the supporting post for inserting the hinged eye bolt and nut.

GAS CUTTING

Gas cutting is the process of cutting the metal in required shape and size by
applying high pressure gas welding on the workpiece material. It is done on the
base plate, equalizer plate, etc.,

SHAPING

The process of shaping the job for required dimension using shaping machine
is known as shaping. This is done in the MS plate to make equaliser.

WELDING

22
 The process of joining two similar or dissimilar metals is known as welding.
It is done between the post and base.

RIVETING

The process of joining two plates.The holes in the plate is punched by a hand
or riveting machine. It is done on the fixed and supporting arm.

THREAD CUTTING

Thread cutting is the operation of forming external thread of required

diameter of rod by using a multipoint tool is called thread. This process is used in
equaliser clamp to done on the rod, which is used for the movement of the clamp
up and down.

6.3. DESIGN OF SCREW ROD

SCREW DESIGN 0F M20

Size of the screw (Bolt) =M20
Pitch =2.5 mm (from pg –coarse series table1)
For coarse thread dc =0.84 x d
=0.84 x 20
Dc=16.8mm
Stress area =245mm2
Initial tension in bolt p 1=2860d
=2860 x 20 =57200N
But this p 1=3.14 x dc 2 x f1 /4
Tensile stress f1=p 1 x 4/ (3.14 x dc2)
=57200 x4 (3.14 x 16.82)

23
 F1 =258.04N/mm2
As the pin is double shear
P1 =2 x 3.14 x dc2 2 x f1/4
F1= 57200 X 4 (2 X 3.14 X 1682)
=128.71mm2
Shear stress
As the pin is double shear
P = 2 x 3.14 dc 2 x fs/4
Shear stress =Load/ area
=57200 x 4/ (3.14 x 202)
=91.03N /mm2 Therefore design is safe.

24
 7. PROCESS AND PROCEDURE CHART

7.1. PROCESS CHART

Part name Operations Machine used Materials used

The M.S plate of rough size is

Gas cutting m/c
1.Base cut, drilled & shaped to finish
Drilling m/c
size Mild steel

The M.S square of rough size

2.Tilting
is cut, drilled & shaped to Shaping m/c
base
finish size Drilling m/c Mild steel
The M.S Rectangular plate
3.Tilting
drilled at various distance Drilling Mild steel
arrester

The M.S rod is turned, faced, Lathe

4.Hinged
Eye Bolt threaded & drilled to require Drilling&
&Nut diameter. Threading m/c Mild steel

The M.S square of rough size

5.Fixed and
is cut, drilled & shaped to Shaping m/c
movable jaw
finish size Drilling m/c Mild steel

For assembling of parts, welding has been done where ever necessary
25
7.2. DESIGN PROCEDURE CHART

NEED OR AIM

YNTHESIS (MECHANISM)

ANALYSIS OF FORCES

MATERIAL SELECTION

DESIGN OF ELEMENTS

(SIZE AND STRESSES)

MODIFICATION

DETAILED DRAWING

26
PRODUCTION
7.3. MANUFACTURING PROCESS CHART

PRIMARY CUTTING

PROCESS

MACHINING PROCESS

SURFACE FINISHING

PROCESS

ASSEMBLING PROCESS

8. MANUFACTURING PROCESS

27
PRIMARY CUTTING PROCESS

The processes used for preliminary cutting of the component are known as
primary cutting process. The common operations involved in this process are gas
cutting, sawing etc.

MACHINING PROCESS

The process used for giving final shape to the component according to the
planned dimension is known as machining process. The common processes
involved in this process are turning, planning, shaping, drilling, etc.

SURFACE FINISHING PROCESS

The process used to provide a good surface finish for the components are
called as surface finishing process. The common operations used for this process
are polishing, buffing, abrasive belt grinding, super finishing, etc.

JOINING PROCESS

The processes used to join the components are known as joining process.
The common operations used for this process are welding, riveting, screw
fastening, drilling etc.

8.1. GENERAL PROCEDURE OF DESIGN

REGOGANISATION OF NEED

First, make a complete statement of the problem, indicating the need, aim
or purpose for which is to be designed.
28
SYNTHESIS (MECHANISM)

Select the possible mechanism or group of mechanism which will give the
desired motion.

ANALYSIS OF FORCES

Find the forces acting on the each member of the machine and energy
transmitted by the each member.

MATERIAL SELECTION

Select the material best suited for each member of the machine.

DESIGN OF ELEMENTS (SIZE AND STRESSES)

Find the size of each member of the machine by considering the forces acting
on the member and the permissible stress for the material used. It should be kept in
the mind that each member should not deflect or deform then the permissible limit.

MODIFICATION

Modify the size of the member to agree with the past experience and
judgment to facilitate manufacture. The modification may also be necessary by
consideration of manufacturing to reduce overall cost.

DETAILED DRAWING

Draw the detailed drawing of each component of each assembly of the

machine with complete specification for the manufacturing process suggested.

PRODUCTION

29
 The component, as per the drawing, is manufactured in the workshop.

9. COST ESTIMATION

S.NO Name of the part Weight in kg Cost RS.

Base Plate 7 480

1.

Tiliting plate 4 360

2.

Hinged edge & Vice

2 145
3. arrangement

Screw rod 1 250

4.

Fixed jaw &Movable jaw ¾ 100

5.

TOTAL = 1335.00

9.1. LABOUR COST

Lathe, drilling, shaping, welding, riveting, turning, painting, surface grinding

and gas cutting.

Cost = Rs 1500.00
30
9.2. TOTAL COST

Total cost = material cost + Labour cost

= 1425 + 1500

= 2225.00

Total cost for this project = Rs 2925.00

10. LINE DEIAGRAM

31
11.PHOTOGRAPHIC VIEW

32
12. CONCLUSION

This report details with design of Tilting vice is attached with the

Part drawings. The project carried out by us made an impressing task in the

Manufacturing works. It is very useful for the fitters to clamp job of preferred

size to perform the required operations to be carried out. This project has been
33
designed to perform the entire requirement task, which has also been provided.

REFERENCES

34
1. Jig and fixture design by EDWARD.G.HOFFMAN.
2. Jigs and fixtures by P.H.JOSHI.
3. Work shop technology by R.S. KHURMI.
4. Engineering practice by R.K. NATARAJAN.
5. Machine tools (vol.2) by S.K. HAJRA CHOUDRY.
6. Design data by P.S.G. COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

35