Detailed Lesson Plan
Subject: Mathematics
Topic: Factors, Prime Factors, Common Factors, and Highest Common Factors
Class: Grade 8
Duration: 1 Hour per Lesson
Lesson Objectives
By the end of each lesson, learners will be able to:
1. Identify factors of numbers and express numbers as products of their prime
factors using factor trees and division methods.
2. Determine common factors between two or more numbers through systematic
comparison of their factors.
3. Find the highest common factor (HCF) of numbers using prime factorization and
listing methods.
Instructional Media:
• Charts showing factor trees and HCF procedures
• Work cards with varied problems on factors, prime factors, and HCF
• Multimedia presentation with animations of factorization steps
• Mathematical manipulatives (colored counters for grouping)
Lesson Structure
Lesson 1: Factors and Prime Factors
Phase Teacher Activities Learner Activities
- Review previous knowledge on multiples and - Respond to probing
Introduction divisors. - Use advance organizers to connect the questions about multiples
idea of factors with division. and divisors.
- Define factors and explain prime numbers. -
- Observe and ask
Demonstrate finding prime factors using a factor
Explanation clarifying questions during
tree and division method. - Use multimedia to
the demonstration.
illustrate the steps.
- Assign individual tasks to express numbers (e.g.,
- Work individually and in
Application 24, 36) as products of prime factors. - Facilitate
groups to solve the tasks.
group discussions to compare results.
- Recap key steps in finding prime factors using a - Share reflections and
Conclusion chart. - Pose a reflective question: "Why are prime consolidate learning in a
factors important?" class discussion.
Lesson 2: Common Factors and HCF
Phase Teacher Activities Learner Activities
- Recall the concept of factors from the previous
- Respond to questions and
Introduction lesson. - Introduce the term "common factors"
recall key terms.
with examples.
- Demonstrate finding common factors using
- Observe and participate in
listing and prime factorization methods. -
Explanation identifying common factors
Highlight differences between factors and
from examples.
common factors.
- Assign group tasks to find common factors for
- Work collaboratively and
given numbers (e.g., 12 and 18). - Distribute
Application individually to solve assigned
work cards with HCF problems for individual
tasks.
practice.
- Summarize steps to find HCF using a step-by- - Contribute examples of
Conclusion step chart. - Engage learners in discussing how HCF applications (e.g.,
HCF applies to real-life situations. splitting items).
Lesson 3: Product of Prime Factors
Phase Teacher Activities Learner Activities
- Recap key concepts of prime factors from - Recall and connect prior
Introduction Lesson 1. - Use a practical example (e.g., "How knowledge to the practical
can we decompose 60 into prime factors?"). example.
- Demonstrate how to express numbers as - Observe and interact with
products of prime factors using both division the teacher’s explanation. -
Explanation
and factor tree methods. - Invite a learner to Attempt the example on the
solve an example on the board. board.
- Pair learners to solve additional problems on - Work in pairs to complete
Application expressing numbers as products of prime tasks and share results with
factors (e.g., 48, 72). the class.
- Summarize using a chart with key procedures. - Participate in the quiz and
Conclusion
- Conduct a quick quiz to reinforce the lesson. reflect on learning outcomes.
Assessment and Follow-Up
• Daily Exercises: Provide learners with work cards containing problems on factors,
prime factors, common factors, and HCF.
• Group Reflection: Have groups present solutions and reasoning during collaborative
tasks.
• Homework: Assign problems from "New General Mathematics 2, pages 20, 21, and
88."
• Follow-Up: Use the next lesson to address misconceptions and extend understanding
to LCM and advanced factorization techniques.
