Eni S.p.A.
Exploration & Production Division
FUNCTIONAL SPECIFICATION
CIVIL WORKS
SITE CLEARING AND EXCAVATION
27550.VAR.CIV.FUN
Rev. 1 October 2009
1 Review to comply with TEOF TEOF TEOF 10-09
international normative
0 Issue conforming to EEC directives - - - 12-94
REV REASON FOR ISSUE PREPARED VERIFIFIED APPROVED DATE
ENGINEERING COMPANY STANDARD
This document is property of Eni S.p.A. Exploration & Production Division.
It shall neither be shown to Third Parties not used for purposes other than those for which it has been sent.
Eni S.p.A. 27550.VAR.CIV.FUN
Rev. 1 October 2009
Exploration & Production Division
pg. 2 of 8
CONTENTS
FOREWORD……………………………………………………………………………………………………...3
1 GENERAL……………………………………………………………………………………........4
1.1 SCOPE……………………………………………………………………………………………..4
1.2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES……………………………………………………………….. .....4
1.2.1 NORMATIVE REFERENCES OF ISO, IEC AND UNI..…….. .............................................4
1.2.2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES OF OTHER ORGANIZATIONS ……………………………. .4
1.2.3 LEGISLATION ………………………………………………………………………...................4
1.2.4 INTERNAL NORMATIVE REFERENCES …………………………………………………. ....4
2. FUNCTIONAL NORMATIVE REQUIREMENTS.................................................................5
2.1 DEFINITIONS…………………………………………………………………………………… ..5
2.1.1 SITE CLEARING ………………………………………………………………………… ...........5
2.1.2 EXCAVATION …………………………… .............................................................................5
2.1.3 DEFINITIONS OF EXCAVATIONS ACCORDING TO THE NATURE OF THE SOIL. ……5
2.2 OPERATING ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................................6
2.3 FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS ........................................................................................6
2.3.1 SPECIFICATIONS AND PROCEDURES FOR SITE CLEARING.......................................6
2.3.2 SPECIFICATIONS AND PROCEDURES FOR EXCAVATIONS ........................................6
2.3.3 ALLOWABLE TOLERANCES ON FINISHED WORKS ………………………………….......7
2.3.4 CHECKS AND TESTS …………………………………………………........ ...........................7
2.4 BOUNDARIES, LIMITS AND EXCLUSIONS..................... …………………………………..7
2.5 SAFETY ……………………………………………….………………………………………......7
2.6 ONE-OFF FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS ……………………………………...................8
2.6.1 TREE CLEARING ……………………….... ..........................................................................8
2.6.2 EXCAVATIONS IN AREAS DESTINED FOR INDUSTRIAL PLANT SITES ………….... ...8
2.7 REQUIREMENTS FOR QUALITY MANAGEMENT AND ASSURANCE ……………….... .8
2.8 ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENT FOR REVIEW………… .....................................................8
2.9 DOCUMENTATION ………………………………………………………………………….......8
Eni S.p.A. 27550.VAR.CIV.FUN
Rev. 1 October 2009
Exploration & Production Division
pg. 3 of 8
FOREWORD
Rev. 0 No. of sheets 16
December 1994
Issue conforming to EEC directives.
This documents cancels and replaces the Specification 07550.VAR.CIV.SPC "Bush
Clearing and Excavation".
Rev. 1 No. of sheets 8
October 2009
Review to comply with international normative.
Eni S.p.A. 27550.VAR.CIV.FUN
Rev. 1 October 2009
Exploration & Production Division
pg. 4 of 8
1. GENERAL
1.1 SCOPE
This Functional Specification defines onshore excavation works and site clearing and how they are to
be executed.
This document applies to top soil removal, general excavation and limited section excavation but not
to tunnel excavations.
The excavations considered here may be performed on earth and/or sand, in hard or soft rock and in
the presence or absence of water.
Excavations involving the use of explosives are not covered by this specification.
1.2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES
1.2.1 Normative references of ISO, IEC and UNI
1.2.1.1 ISO standards
ISO 1000 SI units and recommendations for the use of their multiples and
certain other units [≠UNI CNR 10003]
1.2.2 Normative references of other organizations
In the country other than Italy, in addition to the local rules, also the latest edition of applicable codes
issued by the following Standardization Bodies can be used as reference:
• ACI “American Concrete Institute”
• AISC “American Institute of Steel Construction”
• IBC “International Building Code”
• ASTM “American Society for Testing and Materials”
• BSI “British Standards Institution”
1.2.3 Legislation
The execution of excavations and bush clearing works shall comply with the regulations in force in the
country where the work is carried out and such regulations shall prevail over the specifications of this
present document.
In particular, for works performed in Italy, reference shall be made to the prescriptions contained in the
Decree of the Ministry of Public Works dated 11 March 1988 entitled "Norme riguardanti le indagini sui
terreni e sulle rocce, la stabilità dei pendii naturali e delle scarpate, i criteri generali e le prescrizioni
per la progettazione, l'esecuzione e il collaudo delle opere di sostegno delle terre e delle opere di
fondazione" ("Regulations concerning investigations into soil and rock, the stability of natural slopes
and escarpments, the general criteria and regulations for the design, execution and testing of earth
support and foundation works"), including the Circular No. 30483 issued by the Ministry of Public
Works dated 24 September 1988 giving instructions on the previously mentioned Ministerial Decree
1.2.4 Internal normative references
1.2.4.1 Functional Specifications
27551.VAR.CIV.FUN Fill
Eni S.p.A. 27550.VAR.CIV.FUN
Rev. 1 October 2009
Exploration & Production Division
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2. FUNCTIONAL NORMATIVE REQUIREMENTS
2.1 DEFINITIONS
2.1.1 Site Clearing
Site clearing means the cutting down or the complete removal of trees, shrubs and any type of plant
that has to be performed prior to any earth moving or construction work.
2.1.2 Excavation
2.1.2.1 Top soil removal
Top soil removal excavations means excavations made by using any appropriate means to remove
the upper surface of the ground to a depth of about 0.20 m, in soil of any nature and consistency
excluding rock, and regardless of whether or not water is present.
2.1.2.2 General excavations
General excavations mean excavations made using any appropriate means, to any depth, in soil of
any nature and consistency, regardless of whether or not water is present, which are required for
grading and levelling the construction areas, for cutting embankments, for building parking areas,
roads, channels, basements and building ground bearing floors, road cuttings including sub-base and
ditch formation, for the excavation of cylindrical vertical tank foundations, pipeway, etc.
General excavations are widely defined to include all works similar to those defined above and which
can be carried out using any kind of excavator and means of transport.
Furthermore, general excavations include those with a horizontal surface greater than 150 m² and with
a minimum width of 3.50 m and carried out to any depth.
2.1.2.3 Limited section excavations
2.1.2.3.1 Excavations for foundation works
This means any excavation made using any appropriate means, at any depth, in soil of any nature and
consistency, regardless of whether or not water is present, of a fixed limited section to house footings,
continuous foundations, foundations for machinery, equipment and steel structures, pits, walls,
concrete trenches, etc.
2.1.2.3.2 Trench excavations
Trench excavations mean any excavation made using any appropriate means, at any depth, in soil of
any nature and consistency, regardless of whether or not water is present, of a fixed limited section for
the laying of sewers, aqueducts, ducts in general, electric and instrument cables, etc.
Excavations for making openings in tank bund walls for pipes, cables and/or equipment passage,
building-up of ditches, side ditches, etc. are considered trench excavations.
2.1.3 Definitions of excavations according to the nature of the soil
2.1.3.1 Earth excavations
Earth excavations mean any excavation made in soil of any nature and consistency, that can be
carried out without the use of a ripper or explosives even if individual stones are present provided that
their volume is less than 0.50 m³.
2.1.3.2 Soft rock excavations
Soft rock excavations mean any excavation made in soft rock that can be broken up by suitable
mechanical means and/or by single cut of a ripper.
The ripper will be single tooth, normal production, hydraulic type, mounted on a bulldozer with engine
of flywheel power from 145 kW (190 CV) to 250 kW (335 CV) running at low speed.
2.1.3.3 Hard rock excavations
Hard rock excavations mean any excavation made in compact rock that can be broken by using
explosives and/or pneumatic jack hammer.
Individual stones with volume of more than 0.50 m³ are considered as excavations in hard rock.
Eni S.p.A. 27550.VAR.CIV.FUN
Rev. 1 October 2009
Exploration & Production Division
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2.1.3.4 Excavations in water
Excavations in water mean any excavation made in soil of any nature and consistency carried out in
the presence of groundwater.
2.2 OPERATING ENVIRONMENT
The excavations subject to the specification are those destined for the construction of foundations,
structures, basins, pits, pavings and other works for the building of refineries and industrial plants,
camps, buildings and other typical works of an oil company.
The excavations may also be for earth movement, laying of electric and instrument cables, piping, etc.
in the same type of oil company projects.
2.3 FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS
2.3.1 Specifications and procedures for site clearing
The equipment used for the work (chain saws, mechanical diggers, loaders, etc.) must be appropriate
to the site clearing task and to the keeping of subsequent restoration work to a minimum.
Tree stumps must be completely removed and the roots must be removed down to a depth of 1 m so
as to achieve total clearance of the surface terrain.
Forest trees must be cut down by "guiding" the fall of the trunks.
In the presence of shrubs and easily inflammable plants precautions must be taken to prevent fires.
All material must be removed from the work site.
2.3.2 Specifications and procedures for excavations
2.3.2.1 General specifications
The following specifications apply regardless to what the geological nature of the ground may be and
whether or not water is present.
Excavations carried out by hand and/or by mechanical means shall comply with the sizes and
elevations indicated by the project documents.
In the event that the excavations are expanded beyond the dimensions indicated in the project, the
backfilling of the greater section of excavation and related compacting must be carried out using the
materials and following the procedures established in Functional Specification 27551.VAR.CIV.FUN
"Fill".
2.3.2.2 Materials produced by excavation work
The materials resulting from excavations that are accumulated at the edges of the excavation works
and/or dumped, shall not hinder the works nor the free flow of running surface water nor cause any
damage to public or private property.
If materials from excavations are used for the execution of works for which they are suitable, they must
be stockpiled in an appropriate area of the work site from where they can be withdrawn and used as
required.
If the same material is suitable for backfilling it shall be stored close to the excavation itself after
checks have been made to make sure that all the prescribed distances from the edge of the
excavation have been observed.
Material that is not usable and/or that is not suitable to be used in the works shall be taken away to
dumping areas either inside or outside the work site.
2.3.2.3 Supporting the sides of excavations
The Contractor, to avoid collapse and landslide, shall carry out all temporary works to support the
sides of excavations using shoring props, supports and reinforcement of any kind and size, including
sheet piles. For the same purpose, due account must be taken of any works or heavy loads that may
exist close to the edge of the excavations that might provoke landslides. All information available
regarding the sub-soil must be analysed so as to evaluate the stability of the excavation sides and the
difficulties that might arise during execution of the work.
2.3.2.4 Bottom of excavation
The bottoms of foundation excavations shall be made perfectly horizontal and/or levelled.
Eni S.p.A. 27550.VAR.CIV.FUN
Rev. 1 October 2009
Exploration & Production Division
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The surfacing soil turned by mechanical means must be removed or compacted by suitable means.
If the excavation bottom surface is made up of turned earth or is not suitable, it must be replaced using
suitable materials and procedures in keeping with the prescriptions of Functional Specification
27551.VAR.CIV.FUN "Fill".
2.3.2.5 Excavations in water
The drying out of excavations in water must be effected by using equipment appropriate to the amount
of water to be removed, such as: motor pumps, submerged pumps, well-point systems, etc.
2.3.2.6 Works in Italy
For works carried out in Italy, the prescriptions contained in the Decree of the Ministry of Public Works
dated 11 March 1988 and the circular issued by the Ministry of Public Works No. 30483 dated 24
September 1988 shall be observed.
2.3.3 Allowable tolerances on finished works
Finished excavation works compared to the prescriptions contained in the project drawings shall be
within the following tolerances:
- excavation bottom elevation +20/-40 mm
- axis of limited section excavation +50/-50 mm
- top and toe of slope +150/-15 mm
2.3.4 Checks and tests
When completed, the excavation works must be checked for:
- excavation bottom elevations
- top and toe of slope
- excavation axis (for limited section excavation).
All the above must be within the limits of tolerances established in point 2.3.3 above.
2.4 BOUNDARIES, LIMITS AND EXCLUSIONS
Boundaries, limits and exclusions shall be defined and checked from time to time, taking into account
the location where the excavation works are to be performed.
Furthermore, the following prescriptions shall also apply.
Material coming from excavations of any kind shall remain the property of the Company.
The dumping areas, inside the works area, for materials from excavation works, whether these are to
be reused or not, shall be established by the Company on suggestions put forward by the Contractor.
The dumping areas, outside the work site, for excavated materials that are not to be reused, shall be
established by the Company, acting on proposals put forward by the Contractor, and indications must
be given on the distance of such dumping sites from the work site.
Setting out of the works shall start from benchmarks established jointly by the Company and
Contractor.
No works may be built or started within the area of excavation before the bottom of the excavation has
been expressly accepted as being suitable.
Compacting of the bottom surface of excavations and the procedures for backfilling after limited
section excavations or embankment excavation works, are not covered by this present document and
for these reference should be made to Functional Specification 27551.VAR.CIV.FUN "Fill".
2.5 SAFETY
As regards safety, excavation works shall be carried out in accordance with the legislation of the
country where the works are performed.
Furthermore, the regulations, as defined in the contractual documents, for safe working conditions in
the presence of works and/or plants already built, shall be complied with.
Eni S.p.A. 27550.VAR.CIV.FUN
Rev. 1 October 2009
Exploration & Production Division
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2.6 ONE-OFF FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS
2.6.1 Tree clearing
If required, tree trunks shall be stripped and cut into sections of between 2.5 m and 4 m before being
stacked in the prescribed area on work site.
2.6.2 Excavations in areas destined for industrial plant sites
If limited section excavations are required in areas destined for industrial plants when such plants are
being built, such excavations can be made using any type of excavation equipment that is of small
dimensions in relation to the location and extension of excavations situated inside plant areas.
If it is impossible to enter and/or to operate mechanical equipment, the excavations can be performed
by hand or by jack hammer. The same shall apply if excavations are to be carried out close to existing
underground networks (pipes, cables).
2.7 REQUIREMENTS FOR QUALITY MANAGEMENT AND ASSURANCE
The additional requirements of Quality Management and/or Assurance, if any, are contained in the
applicable management specification attached to the bid request.
2.8 ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR REVIEW
The scaffolding and shoring props used to reinforce and protect excavations are subject to a
calculation check when the limited section excavations are more than 2.25 m deep and when it is
expected that workmen shall be present there, or when the excavations are carried out close to
existing constructions.
The calculation check must take into account the action of the ground on the supporting structures in
the light of any likely settlement of the ground and of the scaffolding itself, the type of shoring
structures and scaffolding used, and the characteristics of the soil.
The above must be combined with the live loads, even temporary, so as to determine the "worst case"
combinations.
2.9 DOCUMENTATION
The documentation consists of the report of the calculation checks made on the scaffolding and
shoring that support the excavation as mentioned in point 2.8 above.
All documentation shall be drawn up using the SI units of measurement as defined by the ISO 1000
standard.
