REPUBLIC OF NAMIBIA

KAVANGO WEST REGIONAL COUNCIL

DIRECTORATE OF EDUCATION, ARTS AND CULTURE

PERFORMANCE

ENHANCING NOTES
ENTREPRENEURSHIP GRADE 9
PREPARED NOTES FOR GRADE 9 LEARNERS, BASED ON THE SPECIFIC

OBJECTIVES OF THE REVISED SYLLABUS.

Compiled By:

1. [Link] Klementine

2. Mr. Hausiku Michael

3. [Link] Frenckie

4. [Link] Alfons

5. Ms. Shivute Martha

When Excellence Becomes A Tradition, Greatness Will Sky-Rocket

Acknowledgement
The booklet was prepared with the help of the following sources:
S. Paarman, 2009. Entrepreneurship In Context Grade 9, Longman Namibia
Z. Bromfeld, L. Cosgrave, F. van Wyk, G 2016. Zealand Solid Foundation Grade 9, NPH,
Macmillan Education
A. M. Uaaka, 2019. Good Morning Entrepreneurship Grade 9, John Meinert Printing (Pty) Ltd
H. Hedimbi, S Paarman, I Petha, A Uaaka, 2017 Platinum Entrepreneurship Grade 9, Pearson
JSC Entrepreneurship Examination Booklet, 2016. Namcol Publication

2
Contents
THEME 1: ENTREPRENEURIAL TRAITS AND CULTURE ............................................................................ 4
TOPIC 1.1: ENTREPRENEURSHIP ......................................................................................................... 4
Case Study 1 ..................................................................................................................................... 10
TOPIC 1.2: ETHICS IN LIFE AND BUSINESS ........................................................................................ 11
Case Study 2 ..................................................................................................................................... 15
TOPIC 1.3: NAMIBIAN BELIEFS AND VALUES ABOUT BUSINESS ....................................................... 17
Case Study 3 ..................................................................................................................................... 19
TOPIC 1.4: EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES IN NAMIBIA ................................................................. 20
Case study 4 ...................................................................................................................................... 22
THEME 2: SCANNING THE ENVIRONMENT FOR BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES ....................................... 24
TOPIC 2.1: ENTERPRISES IN NAMIBIA ............................................................................................... 24
Case Study 5 ..................................................................................................................................... 34
TOPIC 2.2 EXPLORING THE BUSINESS/ ENTERPRISE’S ENVIRONMENT FOR ENTREPRENEURIAL
OPPORTUNITIES................................................................................................................................ 35
Case Study 6 ..................................................................................................................................... 39
THEME 3: MANAGING AN ENTERPRISE SUCCESSFULLY ....................................................................... 40
TOPIC 3.1 MANAGEMENT TASKS ..................................................................................................... 40
Case study 7 ...................................................................................................................................... 52
TOPIC 3.2 MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS ......................................................................................... 54
Case Study 8.1 .................................................................................................................................. 68
Case Study 8.2 .................................................................................................................................. 69
Case Study 8.3 .................................................................................................................................. 71
TOPIC 3.3 COMMUNICATION ........................................................................................................... 71
Case Study 9.1 .................................................................................................................................. 87
Case study 9.2 ................................................................................................................................... 89

ENTREPRENEURSHIP GRADE 9 NOTES KAVANGO WEST REGION Page 3 of 89

THEME 1: ENTREPRENEURIAL TRAITS AND CULTURE

TOPIC 1.1: ENTREPRENEURSHIP

DEVELOP AND EXPLAIN SOLUTIONS TO OVERCOME THE ENTREPRENEURIAL

CHALLENGES

Entrepreneurial challenges Possible solution

Lack of capital/fund Apply for a loan at a financial institution or
invite investors/partners or shareholders

Borrow money from financial institutions/

friends
High Competition Find out who are your competitors and add
value to your products.

Offer discounts or after-sale service to

customers
Lack of management skill Attend courses to help you learn financial and
marketing skills
Cant keep up with due date Employ more employees to assist or take
orders that you are able to complete within the
given period.
Lack of customers Add value to the products/services to attract
customer
High cost of acquiring Lease (rent/hire) and sell some of your
resources/raw material personal assets to get money
Customers may not like your Add value to your product to make it more
products/service or cannot afford attractive and make the product or service to
the product be affordable.
Stressful life / experience a lot of Learn to cope with different situation that
stress causes stress
Poor rainfall (farmer) Construct dams or use irrigation system
The business, products / Advertise and market your business, product /
Services is not known services

ENTREPRENEURSHIP GRADE 9 NOTES KAVANGO WEST REGION Page 4 of 89

IDENTIFY AND APPLY ENTREPRENEURIAL CHARACTERISTICS OR QUALITIES TO
OVERCOME ENTREPRENEURIAL CHALLENGES IDENTIFIED IN THEIR SCHOOL OR
COMMUNITY

Entrepreneurial challenges at Apply entrepreneurial

school /community characteristics/qualities to overcome
the challenges
No product or service at school Creativity, come up with a tuck-shop at
school

Lack of capital Networking, the entrepreneur should get

others to invest in the business

Competition Persuasive, advertise products with

slogans that will convince customers to
buy

Problem solving, add value to the

products

OR

Entrepreneurial Entrepreneurial How to apply the

challenges at school characteristics/qualities entrepreneurial
/community to overcome the characteristics/qualities
challenges to overcome the
challenges
No product or service at Creativity come up with a tuck-shop
school at school

Lack of capital Networking the entrepreneur should get

others to invest in the
business

Competition Persuasive advertise products with

slogans that will convince
customers to buy

add value to the products

Problem solving

ENTREPRENEURSHIP GRADE 9 NOTES KAVANGO WEST REGION Page 5 of 89

EVALUATE AND APPLY THE FOLLOWING CHARACTERISTICS OR QUALITIES OF
AN ENTREPRENEUR TO THEIR ENTERPRISES:
Characteristic Application
Opportunities Identifying (market gaps) needs which are not satisfied in the
seeking market. A need should exist for which goods and services are
needed to satisfy it. You should be able to turn problems into
a business opportunity
Information seeking An entrepreneur should always be on the lookout for
information on competitors, suppliers, prices and customers
and work out solutions for the challenges experienced.
Research should be carried out to find information.
Persistence/ In life, one needs to try to do something several times before
determination everything comes right. All people learn through mistakes
and does not mean, you should give up
Commitment As an entrepreneur, you should be committed to your
business and work very hard to make it a success. You
should be determined to do everything possible in your power
to succeed.
Perseverance In life, one needs to try to do something several times before
everything comes right. All people learn through mistakes
and does not mean, you should give up
Creativity/ originality An entrepreneur should always think of new ways of
improving existing products e.g. adding value to products to
look better than their competitors
Innovativeness An entrepreneur should have the ability to improve the quality
of your products and customer care or customer service.
Initiative Being able to come up with new ideas or solutions to
problems
Independence Entrepreneurs should be free to make their own decision,
with the assistance, guidance and advice of experienced
people about entrepreneurship. They should do what they
want as they are their own bosses
Problem solving They should develop the skills that will enable them to solve
skills problems
Risk taking Entrepreneurs should take calculated risks and not to
outweigh the benefits of a business opportunity. People
should leave their comfort zones and become independent.
Goal setting/ Entrepreneurs should determine where to go and to reach
oriented there by setting goals.

ASSESS THEIR PERSONAL ENTREPRENEURIAL QUALITIES USING AN

ENTREPRENEURIAL SELF-ASSESSMENT TOOL AND REPORT ON THEIR
ASSESSMENT (EARLY FIRST TERM AND AFTER THE ENTREPRENEURSHIP DAY)

ENTREPRENEURSHIP GRADE 9 NOTES KAVANGO WEST REGION Page 6 of 89

 Read the entrepreneurial characteristics and their explanations. Then rate the degree to which you
believe you possess that characteristic, from1 to 5. 1 is the lowest and 5 the highest.
Learner’s Name: Grade: 9
Characteristic or quality Explanation Range of score
of an entrepreneur (How do you rate
yourself?)
1. Opportunity seeking Always look and think of new ideas, solutions to 1 2 3 4 5
problems and opportunities
2. Information seeking Do research and gather information about ideas to 1 2 3 4 5
see if they could work
3. Persistence/determination Willing to persevere and continue to work hard into 1 2 3 4 5
the idea and enterprise
4. Commitment Prepared to put time, energy and hard work into the 1 2 3 4 5
idea and enterprise
5. Perseverance Do not give up easily and persevere 1 2 3 4 5
6. Creativity and originality Think how to change, improve or add value to 1 2 3 4 5
something or design something new
7. Innovativeness Continuously looking for improvements, new 1 2 3 4 5
opportunities and ideas.
8. Initiative Take initiative and begin tasks or plans of action 1 2 3 4 5
9. Independent Able to make your own decisions 1 2 3 4 5
10 Problem solving skills Like to and good at solving problems 1 2 3 4 5
.
11 Task oriented Prepared to finish work or assignments as agreed 1 2 3 4 5
.
12 Risk-taking Takes calculated and moderate risks 1 2 3 4 5
.
13 Concern for efficiency and Do not let things take their own course and stick to 1 2 3 4 5
. quality agreed standards
14 Goal-setting Formulates vision, mission and sets clear goals for 1 2 3 4 5
. the enterprise
15 Systematic planning and Able to follow a logical process and order in getting 1 2 3 4 5
monitoring things done
16 Competitiveness Eager to win 1 2 3 4 5
17 Flexibility Able to listen and take other peoples' views and 1 2 3 4 5
. advice
18 Time consciousness Keeping time and meeting agreed deadlines 1 2 3 4 5
.
19 Energy and mobility (high Willing to work with one's brains, body and energy 1 2 3 4 5
. energy level)
20 Self-confidence and self- Sure of oneself 1 2 3 4 5
. determination
21 Persuasive Able to convince others to see and agree with your 1 2 3 4 5
ideas
22 Networking ability Able to get others to work with you in pursuit of your 1 2 3 4 5
aims

Low High

Date of Self-Assessment: Total Score:

ENTREPRENEURSHIP GRADE 9 NOTES KAVANGO WEST REGION Page 7 of 89

WRITE A COMPARATIVE REPORT ON THE TWO SELF-ASSESSMENT TOOLS

Format of a comparative report

Introduction – state your name and the dates when you had carried out the first and
second report that you need to compare

Strongest qualities paragraph

list qualities that are appearing in both report and also the ones that are different

Weakest qualities paragraph

list qualities that are evident in both report and also the different ones

Conclusion – state what you have learned or realised

NB: The report should be half a page to one page

Consider the assessment grid to guide you accordingly.

ENTREPRENEURSHIP GRADE 9 NOTES KAVANGO WEST REGION Page 8 of 89

Name : Date
School : Grade 9

Self-assessment Report
Write a report after completing a self-assessment tool. The report should not be less than
half a page and should include an introduction, the strongest qualities as well as the
weakest qualities.
Consider the assessment grid to guide you accordingly.

Assessment grid for self-assessment and report on self-assessment tool

Components Marks Performance

Report written 2 2 marks if report 0 marks if report

is handed in is not handed in

Learner included 4 4/3 marks if 2/1 marks if 0 marks if learner

his/her strongest learner included learner included included none of
qualities based most of his/her some of his/her his/her strongest
on his/her self- strongest qualities strongest qualities qualities as
assessment tool as reflected on as reflected on reflected on the
his/her self- his/her self- self-assessment
assessment tool assessment tool tool

Learner included 4 4/3 marks if 2/1 marks if 0 marks if learner

his/her weakest included none of
learner included learner included
qualities based his/her weakest
most of his/her some of his/her
on his/her self- qualities as
weakest qualities weakest qualities
assessment tool reflected on the
as reflected on as reflected on
self-assessment
his/her self- his/her self-
tool
assessment tool assessment tool

Total 10

Teachers signature

ENTREPRENEURSHIP GRADE 9 NOTES KAVANGO WEST REGION Page 9 of 89

Case Study 1
H. Pupkewitz – Namibia: In Action As In Words
“I don’t want to be remembered as a rich man. I want people to remember me as a
benevolent (well-meaning and kindly) person.” These words were said by Harold
Pupkewitz, one of the wealthiest men in Namibia, who made his profit through hard work
and commitment.
“I want to be remembered by the ethical values which I tried to inculcate in all people I
have worked with, integrity which include honesty and truth, the value of
professionalism, high standard of competence and output, responsibility and
accountability that whatever you do you have to face the consequences.”
Many people, especially those from poor backgrounds and those oppressed during
apartheid because they were black, would be well advised to follow Pupkewitz’s lead.
As a Jew, he also understood oppression and discrimination. That is probably what
made his love for Namibia so strong, even after Independence, when many of his
fellow white Namibians only found fault and muttered under their breath that the
country was crumbling, without taking part in public activities to correct what they saw
as wrong.
He declared that he wanted to live nowhere else than in Namibia and proved it by
investing and reinvesting his wealth in the country. Mr Pupkewitz’s death is a reminder of
what Namibians ought to do to build the country. At the time of his death he employed
more than 1 200 people.
Let us honour his spirit to work hard and forget short-cuts in order to make Namibia a
prosperous nation.

1. Define the followings terms (6)

i. Entrepreneur
ii. Enterprise
iii. Entrepreneurship
2. Explain the following characteristics of an entrepreneurs and comment on how Mr.
Pupkewitz has applied them in his business.
Commitment (2)
Application (2)
Perseverance (2)
Application (2)
3. Tabulate any four entrepreneurial challenges that Mr. Pupkewitz might have
experienced and give ways on how to overcome each one. (8)

ENTREPRENEURSHIP GRADE 9 NOTES KAVANGO WEST REGION Page 10 of 89

TOPIC 1.2: ETHICS IN LIFE AND BUSINESS

DISTINGUISH BETWEEN DESIRABLE AND UNDESIRABLE LIFE AND

BUSINESS ETHICS

Desirable business ethics: are the moral principles that are good, fair, and honest, while
undesirable business ethics are poor moral principles that are bad, unfair, and
dishonest.

Desirable business ethics Undesirable business ethics

Honesty: Dishonesty:
Be able to tell the truth either in life or in Be able to tell lies and not being truthful at all
the business. times.
Loyalty: Disloyalty:
Do not talk badly about your company, Disloyalty in business means than an
employer, and colleagues to outside individual or the business as a whole cannot
world. be trusted or relied upon.
Punctuality: Lateness:
We should be always on time at work When a business is unable to meet agreed
or on task. upon deadlines, they may lose customers.
Fairness: Unfairness:
To treat other people the same you wish When business leaders act in an unfair
or expect them to treat you. manner it can lead to bitterness and
dissatisfaction.
Non-sexual environment: Sexual harassment:
Is a working environment which is free Sexual harassment may come from the boss,
from sexual activities, such as kissing, co-worker, or even someone who is not
watching pornographic materials, etc. employed by the company such as customer
or delivery person.
Harassment free environment: Harassment in the workplace:
Is a working environment which free Harassment can take many forms, it can an
from annoying, attacking or bothering action like touching or pushing. The abuse of
someone repeatedly. power is also a form of harassment in the
workplace.

ENTREPRENEURSHIP GRADE 9 NOTES KAVANGO WEST REGION Page 11 of 89

EXPLAIN HOW TO PRACTISE DESIRABLE BUSINESS ETHICS TOWARDS
CUSTOMERS, EMPLOYEES, SOCIETY AND GOVERNMENT

Customers
 Listen to the customers complains.
 Give them correct information about the business and the product.
 Provide them with quality products/services on time.
 Be polite and friendly to customers.
 An entrepreneur he/she must not cheat his or her customers.
 Charge customers a fair price.

Employees
 Listen to your workers and respect their opinions.
 Create better and safe working conditions (conducive work environment).
 Always be open and honest with your workers.
 Always treat your workers equal.
 Give them fair payment.
 Avoid discrimination at workplace.
 Offer employees with additional benefits, such as pension, medical aid etc.

Government
 The business must pay tax to the Government.
 The business must obey the rules and regulation that govern the business
operations.
 The business must also meet the production quality standard.
 The business must comply with labour laws.
 The business should avoid unethical practices e.g. briber.

Society / Community
 The business can engage in social responsibility programs to help the community to
fight their social problems e.g. alcohol and drugs abuse.
 Provide recreation activities for the youth.
 Improve the living standards by providing job opportunities.

ENTREPRENEURSHIP GRADE 9 NOTES KAVANGO WEST REGION Page 12 of 89

LIST AND EXPLAIN THE FOLLOWING FORMS OF UNDESIRABLE BUSINESS
ETHICS:
● Nepotism – when somebody in a position of power shows favoritism to a relative
or friend often by appointing them to a good position. E.g. appointing a friend’s
child to a position in your business while overlooking others who are more qualified
for the job.

● Bribery – promising, giving, or offering something that affects the actions or

decision of a public servant, a political party, or government agency. Paying a
tender board member to give you a tender. Paying a school principal to admit my
child. Kickbacks, gifts

● Corruption – dishonestly exploiting power for personal gain. Example, using

business resources for own benefit

● Embezzlement – when people in authority steal resources over which they have
control. E.g. using company money for a personal holiday, toilet paper, stationeries.

EXPLAIN THE MEANING AND INFLUENCE ON THE BUSINESS/ENTERPRISE OF

CONCEPTS SUCH AS DISCRIMINATION, EQUALITY, AFFIRMATIVE ACTION,
XENOPHOBIA, MINORITY GROUPS AND DEMOCRACY

1. Discrimination: refers to unfair treatment of a person or a group because they are

not of a certain group race, age, group, religion, or gender.
Influence: When all employees are treated the same, the result is a productive
workplace.

2. Equality: refers to a fair treatment of employees regardless of their race, religion,

gender, or political affiliation.
Influence: Good interpersonal relations that are free from tension or mistrust will
ensure good working relations.

3. Affirmative action: a strategic or programme designed to ensure that, people who

were previously disadvantaged and discriminated, are protected.
Influence: The goal of affirmative action is to provide opportunities in business for
people that were treated unfairly in the past. This ensures that they have better jobs
and therefore a higher living standard.

4. Xenophobia: an intense fear or a dislike of foreign people, their customs and

culture OR unfair treatment of foreign people / discriminate against foreign people.
Influence: Xenophobia disrupts business activity. Xenophobic acts must be
avoided in order to create a conducive and stable working environment.

5. Minority groups: Refer to small groups of people that are part of a large group.
Influence: A diverse workforce is important for an enterprise.

ENTREPRENEURSHIP GRADE 9 NOTES KAVANGO WEST REGION Page 13 of 89

6. Democracy: is when individuals have full rights to partake in business decision-
making without restriction.
Influence: Most democratic nations are peaceful and stable. This makes it easier
for an enterprise to thrive.

ENTREPRENEURSHIP GRADE 9 NOTES KAVANGO WEST REGION Page 14 of 89

Case Study 2
Supervisors Harasses Female Guards

Nkurenkuru- Employees of Kaisen Security Services are at the daggers drawn with the
owner Thomas Namwene over various issues including starvation wages and alleged
harassment. The unpopular Namwene reportedly summarily fired ten of the company’s
employees recently.

Namwene also stands accused of having failed to pay his subordinates for several
months. Kaisen staffs in Nkurenkuru further accused him of sexually and verbally
harassed some of the female guards. They also accused Namwene of exploiting them
as he allegedly pays some of them as little as N$ 500.

“At the time of our recruitment he promised to pay us on 15 th of every month but we get
paid as late as the 27th. They promised to pay us N$ 2 000 but we get as little as N$
500. The highest amount received is N$ 1 300, this is not fair”, said one of the
disgruntled guards Selma Nangura. The eight dismissed employees told journalist their
former supervisor feels he is above the law and his confidence is sky-high as they
claim he at one time said he was untouchable. “He told us that even if we go to the
police, the councillor or the Ministry of Labour there is nothing they can do to him”,
claimed Wayera Namwira another former employee of the company. The employees
have allegedly been complaining since 2012 and have gone to the labour ministry on
countless occasions but to no avail.

Sipapo Peter said he has not been paid for three months that he spent in hospital for a
work-related injury for which he was also not compensated. “Before you sign in for
work he calls you into his office and requests sexual favours. The result of turning
down his sexual advances are unbearable and countless, female security officers have
quit due to this”, one guard said.

“He pays us at night sometimes as late as 20h00 or around 02h00 during which time
he makes his sexual advances on us, “said Wayera. Frans Haingura an employee who
is still with Kaisen Security Company claims he has not been paid above N$ 600 per
month since he started working for the company.
“Out of nine employees who went to complain about late salaries and lack of payments
seven were fired on the spot. I do not even know for certain how much I will be getting
paid in the coming months”, said Haingura. Lucia kandjimi said her supervisor called
her a “witch” when she required about her salary.

1. Identify four unethical behaviour practiced by the supervisor of Kaisen Security

Services? (4)
2. Advice Thomas Namwene on how to practice desirable business ethics towards:
(8)
i. The employees
ii. Customers
iii. Society
iv. Government
3. Explain the meaning of the concept ‘Equality’? (1)

ENTREPRENEURSHIP GRADE 9 NOTES KAVANGO WEST REGION Page 15 of 89

4. Advice Namwene on the influence of discrimination on his business? (1)
5. Explain corruption? (1)

ENTREPRENEURSHIP GRADE 9 NOTES KAVANGO WEST REGION Page 16 of 89

TOPIC 1.3: NAMIBIAN BELIEFS AND VALUES ABOUT BUSINESS

EXPLAIN AND PRACTISE HOW TODEVELOP POSITIVE VALUES AND ACT

POSITIVELY IN BUSINESS/ENTERPRISE

 Identify problem areas and try to solve them

 Overcoming obstacles gives confidence
 Praise for good work
 Be committed to the work
 Be ethical in the work place
 Set goals and stick to it
 Ignore negative attitudes from people

DEBATE AND SUMMARISE OPPOSING VIEWS ON VALUES AND BELIEFS ABOUT

BUSINESS/ENTERPRISE
Negative beliefs Positive beliefs
 Informal work such as being a  This is not true, talented people has
musician and sport does not pay excelled in music and sports. E.g. the
Dogg, Frankie [Link].
 Woman cannot do well in business  Women are just like men they can do
and should limit themselves to any type of business of their choice
businesses such as poultry basket as long as they are confident enough.
weaving and dress making.
 Only old or mature people can start  Young people who are well trained
businesses and have got sufficient capital can as
well start businesses
 Shops could not open on Sundays or  People may choose to work overtime
public holidays if the reward is good enough.

IDENTIFY AND EXPLAIN POSITIVE BELIEFS BASED ON A CASE STUDY

She Loves Wires
For two years, 29 years old Hausiku Naitha has been putting her life in danger all for the
sake of doing something she loves. Considered by many as a masculine profession
because of the dangers of electricity, Selma says that she would not have had it any
other way. ‘I am living the dream. I wake up exited every morning to do what I love” says
Naitha in a very jolly tone.

ENTREPRENEURSHIP GRADE 9 NOTES KAVANGO WEST REGION Page 17 of 89

APPLY AND PRACTISE POSITIVE BELIEFS AND VALUES ABOUT
BUSINESS/ENTERPRISE PRACTICALLY
 Learners should be given or select positive beliefs or values that are known to them
 Learners should role play/practiced positive beliefs and values that they have selected
 e.g. boys can role play by having a business activity require them to cook the
products
 While girls can even have a barber shop

ENTREPRENEURSHIP GRADE 9 NOTES KAVANGO WEST REGION Page 18 of 89

Case Study 3
H. Pupkewitz – Namibia: In Action As In Words
“I don’t want to be remembered as a rich man. I want people to remember me as a
benevolent (well-meaning and kindly) person.” These words were said by Harold
Pupkewitz, one of the wealthiest men in Namibia, who made his profit through hard
work and commitment.
“I want to be remembered by the ethical values which I tried to inculcate in all people I
have worked with, integrity which include honesty and truth, the value of
professionalism, high standard of competence and output, responsibility and
accountability that whatever you do you have to face the consequences.”
Many people, especially those from poor backgrounds and those oppressed during
apartheid because they were black, would be well advised to follow Pupkewitz’s lead.
As a Jew, he also understood oppression and discrimination. That is probably what
made his love for Namibia so strong, even after Independence, when many of his
fellow white Namibians only found fault and muttered under their breath that the
country was crumbling, without taking part in public activities to correct what they saw
as wrong.
He declared that he wanted to live nowhere else than in Namibia and proved it by
investing and reinvesting his wealth in the country. Mr Pupkewitz’s death is a reminder
of what Namibians ought to do to build the country. At the time of his death he
employed more than 1 200 people.
Let us honour his spirit to work hard and forget short-cuts in order to make Namibia a
prosperous nation. Some says that, you can only be successful in business if you have
a university degree but in facts business is about handwork and faith.

1. Identify positive beliefs evident from the case study. (4)

2. Oppose the positive beliefs mentioned in question 1. (4)
3. Identify one negative believe from the case study (4)

ENTREPRENEURSHIP GRADE 9 NOTES KAVANGO WEST REGION Page 19 of 89

TOPIC 1.4: EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES IN NAMIBIA

COMPARE THE PERSONAL BENEFITS AND CHALLENGES OF SELF-

EMPLOYMENT AND PAID EMPLOYMENT

Benefits
Self employment Paid employment
 Own boss- make own decisions  No stress of making decision
 No need to come up with start- up
capital
 Express own creativity  Gain experience or skills
 Flexible working hours  Do not work on holidays or weekend
 Enjoy social recognition  There is a chance for promotion
 gains financial independence  Certainty of income / Fringe benefits

Challenges
Self employment Paid employment
 No fringe benefits  May get fired or retrenched
 Long hours of work  No flexible working hours
 Lack of customers  Employees have to compete against
fellow employees for promotion
 Uncertain income  Salary deductions
 Risk of losing resources/investments  Can’t express own creativity
 Difficult to come with your own  Not involved in decision making
capital

EXPLAIN THE IMPORTANCE OF ENTERPRISE IN NAMIBIA AS COUNTRY TO:

 Reduce unemployment: the enterprise creates job opportunities and training for
people in the country (Namibia) which will helps people develop the skills they need
to work.

 Promote enterprise: New enterprises result in more job opportunities and more
taxes. Large enterprise should support start-ups and small enterprises to help
promote new industries.

 Increase the living standard: When people earn an income they can buy goods
and services. The government can also use the revenue generated through taxes to
build schools, clinics, hospitals and roads to improve the living standards. Some

ENTREPRENEURSHIP GRADE 9 NOTES KAVANGO WEST REGION Page 20 of 89

 enterprises bring products and services closer to the community, so people do not
have to travel long distances.

 Reduce poverty - Through jobs creation, more income generation and poverty in
general will be declined.

ENTREPRENEURSHIP GRADE 9 NOTES KAVANGO WEST REGION Page 21 of 89

Case study 4
Kapana
Adapted from the New Era of 24 Oct 2012 – Story by Loide Jason and Mathias Haufiku

WINDHOEK – Despite the economic hardships across the country it seems business is
brisk for small traders selling ‘kapana’ from freshly slaughtered cattle at the Katutura
Singles Quarters.
With the world having seen one of its worst financial crises ever in 2009, and with many
countries still in the doldrums, small and medium-size enterprises have been identified as
the key to employment creation and poverty alleviation.

Groups of meat traders at the Katutura Singles Quarters whom New Era spoke to
yesterday, said selling meat is a far better option than being at home or indulging in
criminal activities. A relatively new trader, Shilikomwenyo Heliunda, says the meat trading
activities helps him to take care of his family, and it is not stolen as perceived by many
members of the public.

With profit margins of up to N$30 000 per month within reach for most of these industrious
small traders, it is worth noting that these small traders are not taxpayers. One thing which
is certain, however, is that they do place meals on the tables of their families even if their
actual contribution to the economy cannot be quantified.

“We buy one carcass for about N$8 000 from farmers near Windhoek, and profits can rise
up to N$2 000 per day. As soon as the carcass is finished, I will approach one of the
farmers and buy another one. Sometimes I struggle to sell all the meat then I have to
refrigerate it and sell it the next day,” said Heliunda. For those selling roasted meat, a
rental of N$100 is payable to the City of Windhoek for consent to trade within the
boundaries of the market, popular for its delicious chunks of roasted beef popularly known
as ‘kapana’.

“With this type of business, there are challenges such as standing in the sun the whole
day, and it is also a health risk because we have to inhale smoke the entire day,” he said.
On the perception that the popular ‘kapana’ meat is unhygienic, Heliunda brushed it aside,
saying so far none of his clients came back to him complaining about the meat. “We do
not encounter problems with the police or our customers because the meat is in a good
condition and we have the necessary documents when we buy the meat.” Heliunda said
his working hours are from 05h00 to 22h00, but the working hours are determined by the
actual meat sales.

34-year-old Haimbodi Shikongo says: “During my eight years here, I have been my own
boss and I make enough to feed my four children. I buy the meat from farmers in the
Brakwater area which I collect with my car that I bought from money I made from selling
meat at the informal market.”

“I do not mind selling meat here, because I can afford to make a living here. This is the
same as those guys doing office work. I have one guy who works for me as a roaster
whom I pay around N$800 per month. It is my business, therefore I decide how to
compensate him,” said Shikongo.

ENTREPRENEURSHIP GRADE 9 NOTES KAVANGO WEST REGION Page 22 of 89

Festus Nghidimbe, who works for someone else, says he normally starts work in the
morning at around 08h00. Nghidimbe says because of the smoke and fire that he endures
every day, he goes to bed exhausted.

“This type of work is very heavy and risky to the human body and that is why we need to
visit a doctor all the time for health check-ups,” he noted. Matthew Moses, who sells
wood a few metres away, said competition is tough at the Singles Quarters, and there are
days when selling a single bundle of wood is impossible. He makes approximately N$60
per day from selling wood, which is bought primarily by the ‘kapana’ sellers.

1. What is the type of employment mentioned in the case study (1)

2. Identify two types of business from the case study (2)
3. Identify from the case study two challenges these kapana sellers face daily. (2)
4. Compare the benefits and challenges of paid employment and self-employment in
table format. (8)
5. Explain the importance of enterprise in Namibia like that of Shilikomwenyo Heliunda
to:
a) Reduce unemployment (1)
b) Reduce poverty (1)

ENTREPRENEURSHIP GRADE 9 NOTES KAVANGO WEST REGION Page 23 of 89

THEME 2: SCANNING THE ENVIRONMENT FOR BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES

TOPIC 2.1: ENTERPRISES IN NAMIBIA

EXPLAIN THE CHARACTERISTICS OF A CLOSE CORPORATION AND A COOPERATIVE

Characteristics of a Close Corporation

● 1-10 members enter into an agreement by means of a founding statement
● It is a legal separate entity (Close corporation has a legal personality)
● Letters “CC” must always be at the end of the company’s registered name’
● Profit is shared among a maximum of ten members
● They enjoy more potential growth
● Authority is based on percentages of members interest in the corporation
● The business properties belong to the CC not to members
● The owners are called members

Characteristics of a Cooperative
● The business valuable properties (assets) belongs to the cooperative and not to
individual members
● The owners of a Cooperative are called members
● Each member has 1 equal vote
● Render services to its members
● A reserve of 20% should be kept in the business and the 80% of profit will be
shared among the members

EXPLAIN THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF A CLOSE CORPORATION

AND COOPERATIVE

Advantages of a Close Corporation

● Easy to start and end
● Low cost for registering
● Financial statement does not necessarily need to be audited
● Members have got limited liabilities
● Its relatively inexpensive to manage
● Easy to borrow money than the sole trader
● Business has continuity in case a member dies
● More capital available to start a business
● If successful convert into a company
● Ideas are shared
● Members are not taxed individually on profits received.

ENTREPRENEURSHIP GRADE 9 NOTES KAVANGO WEST REGION Page 24 of 89

Disadvantages of a Close Corporation
● If a member wants to resign all members must agree to the resignation
● More rules and regulations
● The number of members is limited to ten only
● More bills to pay
● Possibilities of conflict
● Have to pay registration fees
● Some members want sleeping member status
● Profits are shared
● Members are not always willing to put back profits into the business.
● Reaching decisions will take longer

Advantages of a Cooperative
● All members have equal votes
● Free business advisory services available
● It encourages strong working ethics because members know that they are working
for themselves
● Owned and managed by the members
● It is not based on profit-making principles but rather on service-rendering principles
to its members.
● The members come together because they have the same needs and goals. They
are united and management comes from the members.
● Free business advisory services are available from the office of the Registrar of
Cooperatives

Disadvantages of a Cooperative
● Possibility of conflict among members
● Reaching an agreement can take longer
● Members are less willing to put the profit back into the business
● There is a lot of recording keeping to ensure that everything is done fairly
 People do not work very hard, because the incentive to earn profit is not presented

ENTREPRENEURSHIP GRADE 9 NOTES KAVANGO WEST REGION Page 25 of 89

COMPARE A POSSIBLE CHOICE OF OWNERSHIP FOR A SPECIFIC BUSINESS/
ENTERPRISE (E.G. SOLE TRADER VS COOPERATIVE)

Factor Sole trader Partnership Close Cooperative

corporation
Ownership Owned and 2 to 20 1-10 members, Owned and
controlled by 1 partners own which makes controlled by
person who and control the decision- members with
makes all the enterprise, making easier. similar interests;
decisions which makes membership is
decision- unlimited and
making easier decision-making
can be a long
process.

Liability Owner has Partners have Members have Members have

unlimited unlimited limited liability limited liability
liability liability

Continuity In most cases, Enterprise may Enterprise Enterprises does

enterprise close down does not close not close down
closes down if temporarily if down when when one
the owner dies one partner one member member resigns,
or become ill resigns, dies resigns, retires retires or dies.
or insolvent or retires or dies

start-up Owner alone Each partner Start-up capital Start- up capital

capital has to find the contributes to is shared is shared
start-up capital the start-up amongst the amongst the
capital members members.

JUSTIFY A CHOSEN FORM OF OWNERSHIP, FOR A SPECIFIC

BUSINESS/ENTERPRISE

The owner of an enterprise may decide to change the form of ownership because
there may be more advantages.

ENTREPRENEURSHIP GRADE 9 NOTES KAVANGO WEST REGION Page 26 of 89

COMPLETE REGISTRATIONS FORMS FROM A LOCAL AUTHORITY, SOCIAL
SECURITY COMMISION, MINISTRY OF INDUSTRIALIZATION TRADE SME AND
DEVELOPMENT AND MINISTRY OR FINANCE:
Local Authority (ANNEXURE 3)
Application for Registration of Fitness
Department of Economic Development and Community Services

RUNDU TOWN COUNCIL

APPLICATION FOR REGISTRATION/CERTIFICATE OF FITNESS

I/we hereby apply for a Registration/Certificate of Fitness for a [New application/Renewal/ Transfer /
Removal] of a business.
Trade Name:__________________________________________________________________
Street: ____________________________ Erf no:_______________ Suburb: _____________
PO. Box/ Private Bag: __________________________________________________________
License Holder/ Director / Manager: ______________________________________________
Identity Card / Passport No: _____________________________________________________
Personal Tax Certificate No: _____________________________________________________

NATURE OF BUSINESS NATURE OF BUSINESS TRADING IN (SPECIFY)

Apothecary Butcher (Wholesale)
Bakery (Wholesale) Butcher (Retail)
Bakery (Retail) Dairy / Milk Shop
Beauty Salon Factory
Boarding / Lodging General Dealer (Wholesaler
Dry Cleaner / Laundry General Dealer (Retail)
Hairdresser Registration Home Confectioner
Motor Garage Offensive Trade
Restaurant / Take away Hawker
Tea /Coffee Shop Other
Upholsterer
Office

Signature: ____________________________________________ Date: ________________

FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Comments:
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________
All official correspondence must be addressed to the Chief Executive Officer

ENTREPRENEURSHIP GRADE 9 NOTES KAVANGO WEST REGION Page 27 of 89

Local Authority (ANNEXURE 4)
Application for Resident Occupation on Residential Erf

Department of Planning, Urbanization and Environment

APPLICATION FOR RESIDENT OCCUPATION ON RESIDENTIAL ERF

1 I……………………………………………………………………………………………..
hereby apply to carry out a resident occupation on Erf…….,Township………………
Street Name:………………………………..No……………
I hereby confirm that I reside on this property in the capacity of owner/tenant or other
(please specify):…………………………………………………………………………
Personal income tax number:…………………………………………………………..
2 The nature of the resident occupation:
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
3 Indicate the total number and particulars of each of the persons that will be employed:
Living on the premises:
Name & surname: ………………………………………………………………………
Capacity: ………………………………………………………………………………..
Name & Surname:……………………………………………………………………….
Capacity:…………………………………………………………………………………

FOR OFFICE USE ONLY: RUNDU TOWN COUNCIL

Application complete □ Incomplete □

Approved □ Rejected □
Rezone □
Comments:
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………

Not residing on premises:

Name & surname:………………………………………………………………………….
Capacity: …………………………………………………………………………………..

ENTREPRENEURSHIP GRADE 9 NOTES KAVANGO WEST REGION Page 28 of 89

Social Security Commission
Social Security Commission (Application for Registration as an Employee)
(ANNEXURE 2)
REPUBLIC OF NAMIBIA
SOCIAL SECURITY COMMISSION
SOCIAL SECURITY ACT, 1994
(FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY)
REGISTRATION NUMBER:
……………………………………….
The Chief Executive Officer
Social Security Commission
Private Bag 13223
Windhoek
APPLICATION FOR REGISTRATION AS AN EMPLOYEE
(Section 20/Regulation 2)
TO BE COMPLETED IN BLOCK LETTERS
PARTICULARS OF EMPLOYEE:
1. Surname: ………………………………………………………………………………………
2. First names: …………………………………………………………………………………..
3. Date of Birth:………………………………. 4. ID Number………………………….(if any)
5. Passport Number:……………………………………………………………………...(if any)

6. Marital Status:
Married Single Male Female

7. Address: ………………………………………………………………………………..
8. Residential Address: …………………………………………………………………...
9. Telephone Number: ………………………… 10. Facsimile Number:………………..
11. Number of Children: Male……………Ages:………Female:……….. Ages:…………
12. Occupation:…………………………………………………………………………….
13. Date of commencement of employment: ………………………………………………
14. Monthly income:………………………………………………………………………..
15. If previously registered as an employee, state previous Social Security Registration Number:
……………………………………………………………………………………………..

PARTICULARS OF EMPLOYER:
1. Employer’s Social Security Registration Number: ………………………………………
2. Name: …………………………………………………………………………………….
3. Postal Address:……………………………………………………………………………
4. Telephone Number:…………………………… [Link] number: …………………………
I,…………………………………………………………………….(full names and capacity)
Certify that the above particulars are true and correct.

………………………………….. ……………………………………….
EMPLOYER DATE

FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

Checked by:…………………………………………Date:………………………………..
Remarks: …………………………………………………………………………………..
Fee Paid: N$..............................................................Receipt Number:…………………….

ENTREPRENEURSHIP GRADE 9 NOTES KAVANGO WEST REGION Page 29 of 89

Social Security Commission (ANNEXURE 5)
Application for Registration as an Employer

REPUBLIC OF NAMIBIA
SOCIAL SECURITY COMMISSION
SOCIAL SECURITY ACT, 1994
(FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY)
REGISTRATION NUMBER:
……………………………………….
The Chief Executive Officer
Social Security Commission
Private Bag 13223
Windhoek
APPLICATION FOR REGISTRATION AS AN EMPLOYER
(OTHER THAN AN EMPLOYER OF A DOMESTIC EMPLOYEE)
(Section 20/Regulation 2)
TO BE COMPLETED IN BLOCK LETTERS
1 Name: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. Postal Address:…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. Business Address: ……………………………………………………………………………………………….
4. Telephone number:………………………………… 5. Facsimile number: ………………………………….
6. Nature of Business: ……………………………………………………………………………………………..
7. Form of business enterprise:……………………………………………………………………………………

SOLE OWNER PARTNERSHIP COMPANY CLOSE

CORPORATION
OTHER (SPECIFY)

8.(a)In case of sole owner, state Date of Birth:……………………………………………………………………

Identity number:……………………………………………………………………………………………(if any)
Passport number:…………………………………………………………………………………………...(if any)
(b)If the business is conducted under another name, state such name: …………………………………………
(c) In case of a partnership, state full names and dates of birth and (if any) the identity numbers and Passport
numbers of the partners per annexure.
9. In case of a company or close corporation, state registration number under the Companies Act, 1973 (Act 6 of
1973) or Close corporation Act, 1988 (Act 26 of 1988) (whichever is applicable):
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. Date of commencement of business: ……………………………………………………………………………
I,……………………………………………………………………………………………………………(full
names and capacity) certify that the above particulars are true and correct.

………………………………….. ……………………………………….
EMPLOYER DATE

FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

Checked by:…………………………………………Date:………………………………..
Remarks: …………………………………………………………………………………..
Fee Paid: N$..............................................................Receipt Number:…………………….

ENTREPRENEURSHIP GRADE 9 NOTES KAVANGO WEST REGION Page 30 of 89

Ministry of Industrialization, Trade and SME Development
Registration of business (ANNEXURE 1)
REPUBLIC OF NAMIBIA
CLOSE CORPORATION ACT,1988
(Section19(2)
Application for Reservation of Name or Translated form or Shortened Form

Paste revenue receipt or affix revenue stamp or

impress revenue franking machine impression
here N$50.00
Close corporation Registration Office
P.O. Box 21214
Windhoek
9000
A Proposed Name □ or Translated form □ or Shortened Form □ (Indicated with a cross)
In order of preference
For office use Initials & Date
1. Approval/not approved
2. Approval/not approved
3. Approval/not approved
4. Approval/not approved
5. Approval/not approved
Reservation is valid for sixty days
B Comparative names (For Office Use)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

[Link] the proposed name associated with a person, corporation or company? If so, what is the name number (if
a corporation or company) and the association (e.g holding/ subsidiary/director etc). if not, reason(s) for, or
origin of name __________________________________
D. Principal business of the corporation/ proposed corporation________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

Name of Applicant (print)

_______________________ ___________________________
_______________________ Signature of applicant/agent
Address to which form must be returned
__________________________________ _______________________
__________________________________ Date
__________________________________

ENTREPRENEURSHIP GRADE 9 NOTES KAVANGO WEST REGION Page 31 of 89

Ministry of Finance
Registration payment (PAYE)

REPUBLIC OF NAMIBIA
MINISTRY OF FINANCE
INLAND REVENUE
REGISTRATION OF EMPLOYER IN NAMIBIA
Income Tax: 1981
PLEASE READ NOTES ON OPPOSITE PAGE

(FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY)

REGISTRATION NUMBER:

1 DETAILS OF EMPLOYER(See notes 1,3,5,6 and 9)

(a) Trade name:(block letter) ………………………………………………………………….
(b) Name(s) of employer(in full)………………………………………………………………..
(c) Business address …………………………… (d) Postal address…………………………..
(e) Business telephone number………………………………………………………………….
(f) Date on which you become an employee in Namibia…………………………………………………………
(g) Income tax reference
number……………………………………………………………………………………………..
(h) If an existing business was taken over please state name of previous owner and trading name
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

[Link] EMPLOYER (see notes 2,3,5,7 and 9)

(a) Name (in full) …………………………………………………………………………………
(b)business and postal address……………………………………………………………………
[Link] OR DIVISION EMPLOYERS ACTIVITIES(see notes 3,8and 9
Trade names and address of branches or division (in block letters) will the branch or division be
Registered as an employer
Yes or no
1. …………………………………………………………….. …………… ………………
…………………………………………………………….
2. ……………………………………………………………. …………... ………………
…………………………………………………………….
3. ……………………………………………………………. ………….. ………………
……………………………………………………………. If yes please complete a separate
Form PAYE 1in respect of such
branch or division and submit with
main form
If you have no branches or division, please write “NONE” in above space
[Link] OF BRANCH (See note 9).
Trade name and address of head office
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[Link] (see notes 10) state approximate number of employees from whose remuneration employees tax will
be deducted:…………………………………………………………………………………………….
6. NATURE OF BUSINESS……………………………………………………………………………………
[Link] YOU PREVIOUSLY REGISTERED AS AN EMPLOYER IN NAMIBIA? If yes, state trade name and
employer tax reference number under which you were previously registered
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………… ………………………………..
Employer or representative employer Date

ENTREPRENEURSHIP GRADE 9 NOTES KAVANGO WEST REGION Page 32 of 89

DISCUSS THE FOLLOWING BUSINESS ASSOCIATIONS IN NAMIBIA AND THE
SERVICES THEY OFFER:

(a)Namibia Chamber of Commerce and Industry (NCCI)

NCCI is a business organization that promotes economic prosperity and economic
development for Namibia.
NCCI offers:
 Advice and mentorship in specific areas of business.
 Information on trade and investment opportunities.
 Networking opportunities through NCCI events.
 An opportunity to participate in business missions.
 Training programmers.
 Promote prosperity by ensuring balanced private sector growth
 Act as a go-between Namibian and overseas businesses
 Arranges inbound and out-bout trade and business missions
 Arranges regular networking meetings

(b) Ministry of Industrialization, Trade and SME Development

services offered:
 Assistance with purchasing: members can be part of a group purchase scheme.
This enables bulk purchases and discounts that reduce the cost of inputs.
 Marketing: it assists SMEs with marketing to promote their products locally and
abroad.
 Business implementation: it provides affordable premises for enterprises around
the country.
 Financial assistance, for example, micro-loans schemes to SMEs.
 Training: Adult education and in-service training opportunities are provided.

c) Team Namibia
Team Namibia is a non- profit movement aimed at mobilizing consumers to buy local
goods. It also promotes the production of quality local products and services.
Services offered:
 The Team Namibia logo may be displayed on products and corporate branding.
 The association inspires consumers to buy locally produced goods.
 Promotional and marketing campaigns help to achieve increased brand recognition
and awareness.
 Free listings in leading business directories as well as on the Team Namibia’s
online portal.
 Best practice is shared with fellow members.

ENTREPRENEURSHIP GRADE 9 NOTES KAVANGO WEST REGION Page 33 of 89

Case Study 5
Holly’s Business

When she graduated from university with BSC in chemistry, 31-year old Holly faced the
reality of unemployment in Namibia’s challenging job market. She tried to get work in the
public sector as a senior secondary school teacher; but her skills were being underutilized.
She left the job in less than a year in December 2017, Holly decided to start her own soap
making business. “All of 2017 I didn’t have a record of what I was doing, “she says. “For
me I was doing business but in reality, I wasn’t.” Receiving training in entrepreneurship
from Namibia chamber of commerce and Industries (NCCI) in January 2018 was a turning
point in Hollys business. She was trained on customer care, marketing, record keeping
and adherence to operating regulations, which transformed the way she conducted
business. “I was operating in a very small room, the training opened avenues of operating
with growth in mind. I moved from the small room and I am currently renting a much bigger
warehouse for my business,” Holly says. She has also mechanized her operation through
procurement of an electric mixing bowler, an improvement from a previously manual drum
mixing method.
“Namibians use six million bars of soap each year,” Holly explains. “only one million bars
made locally. So, there is a five million bar deficit, which is filled by imports.” Within this
market, Holly found her niche. She focuses on making soaps that lather in hard water,
targeting primarily the very poor who use hard water. “Most of the soaps in the market
don’t lather in hard water,” Holly explains. “so, they like my soap because it does”
For this reason and others, Holl’s business is growing. Receiving big orders at a time,
coupled with improved marketing resulted in volumes of production increasing significantly.
Her net income has grown from N$ 28 000/month to between N$35 000- N$ 40
000/Month. She employs up to seven-part time workers regularly to fill orders. Holly’s story
is a young entrepreneur success story. It is not terribly different from that of many young
people today all over the African continent. It is a story of difficult and hope, of challenging
and perseverance, of dreams and of achievement.

1. Identify the form of business ownership holly is running? (1)

2. Give the advantages and disadvantages of close corporations (CC) (4)
3. Explain two ways how Holly will benefit from Namibia Chamber of Commerce and
industry (NCCI) (4)
4. Compare holly’s choice of ownership with that cooperative (6)

ENTREPRENEURSHIP GRADE 9 NOTES KAVANGO WEST REGION Page 34 of 89

TOPIC 2.2 EXPLORING THE BUSINESS/ ENTERPRISE’S ENVIRONMENT FOR ENTREPRENEURIAL
OPPORTUNITIES

IDENTIFY ENTREPRENEURIAL OPPORTUNITIES FROM THEIR NATURAL

ENVIRONMENT
Component of natural Entrepreneurial opportunity
environment
Land Garden, sand or gravel supply
Water Laundry business, dry cleaner or car wash
Air Gas (Afrox)
Fauna Butchery, Kapana, milk
Flora Carpentry, Garden, grass, drinks/food (sikundu)

EVALUATE AND REPORT ON THE IMPACT OF BUSINESSES/ ENTERPRISE ON:

(a) OWNERS:
Positive impact:
 SMEs generate income for the owner, which enables him/her to fulfill basic
needs and wants.
 An entrepreneur is his/her own boss and as such can make independent
decisions and work flexible hours.
 Entrepreneurs can use their creative ideas and turn them into profitable business
opportunity.
 Entrepreneurs can benefit from a high profile and social recognition as a result of
their achievements.

Negative impact:
 Borrowing money from financial institutions can put the owner at risk of losing his
enterprise and other assets.
 Hard working entrepreneurs must work long hours.
 Work stress can emanate from poor economic conditions and a drop in revenue
or poor employee relations.
 The business may not always make a profit and the owner is therefore not
always assured of a pay cheque at the end of the month.

(b)EMPLOYEES:
Positive impact:
 Employment opportunities are crated and new breadwinners are able to provide
for their families.
 The ability to satisfy their needs and wants lead to an improvement in the living
standards of the population.
 Workers who are properly trained and mentored are able to follow a new career

ENTREPRENEURSHIP GRADE 9 NOTES KAVANGO WEST REGION Page 35 of 89

 path.

Negative impact:
 Workers are not always treated or paid well.
 Their livelihood depends on the financial success of the enterprise.
 Some workers may experience stress that affects their health.
 An unhealthy working environment has a bad effect on their health.
 Work pressure can reduce leisure time spent with families.

c) COMMUNITY:
Positive impact:
 An enterprise provides jobs to people in the community and therefore reduces
unemployment.
 If people have jobs, they can improve their stands of living.
 Many enterprises spend money on projects that benefit the broader community,
for example, scholarships, libraries, recreational facilities, parks.
 If a shop opens near where people live, it makes it easier for them to buy
groceries and save on transport costs.

Negative impact:
 Sometimes enterprises overexploit the natural resources in the community.
 Some enterprise disposes of harmful chemicals in a way that causes pollution
and harm to the environment.
 The creation of industrial zones can affect the natural landscape negatively.

EVALUATE A BUSINESS/ ENTERPRISES TO DETERMINE ITS IMPACT ON:

(a) Lowering Unemployment:

 By employing people from the community, enterprise helps the reduce
unemployment.
 The additional skills people gain through an enterprise may also allow them to
move on to other employment, opening up their jobs for new employees.
 When their enterprises are successful, they are able to grow and employ more
staff.

(b) Reducing Poverty:

 By employing people and bringing money into a community, enterprise helps to
reduce poverty.
 Employees earn money and can buy what they need.
(c) Improving The Standard Of Living:
 When an enterprise opens in a community, it brings products and services to the
people to increase their standard of living.
 People with jobs earn money and can buy the things they need and luxury items

ENTREPRENEURSHIP GRADE 9 NOTES KAVANGO WEST REGION Page 36 of 89

 such as TV.
 Increase income for employed people allows them to increase their standard of
living.

DESCRIBE THE EFFECTS OF A DEGRADED NATURAL ENVIRONMENT ON AN

ENTERPRISE

 Land: Soil erosion, soil degradation, littering, dumping, chemical poisoning.

 Air: Smoke pollution, traffic fumes, noise pollution, greenhouse gases, global
warming, acid rain, ozone depletion, climate change.
 Water: Wastage, chemical poisoning, human waste, industrial waste, over-
fishing, oil spillage.
 Flora: Over-grazing, deforestation, disease, desertification, biodiversity loss,
bush encroachment.
 Fauna: Biodiversity loss, disease, extinction.
 Overgrazing of land – farmers may not provide quality crops and health
livestock
 Overexploitation of mineral – leads to mineral being used up and mines will
close down.
 Uncontrolled and unplanned use of land for development – leads to land
become scarce and expensive.
 The use of polluted water – leads to outbreak of epidemic like cholera.
 Polluted air – causes various diseases

EXPLAIN AND MANAGE THE HARMFUL EFFECTS OF BUSINESSES/

ENTERPRISES ON THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT.

 Businesses pollute the land, rivers and sea especially with chemicals to
control disease in plants – Do not use harmful chemicals that can pollute the
natural environment
 Business let their customers litter everywhere – Provide dust bins
 Mines end up digging underground mines which some do not turn the
area to its original state – Cover all the holes after every mining activity
 Farmers pollute the environment with chemicals – Use organic materials

ENTREPRENEURSHIP GRADE 9 NOTES KAVANGO WEST REGION Page 37 of 89

EXPLAIN THE BENEFITS AND CHALLENGES OF A RAPIDLY INCREASING
POPULATION TO A BUSINESS/ ENTERPRISE.

Benefits of a rapidly increasing population to a business:

 Increase labour pool- Business can choose appropriate employees from a large
population.
 Increased market – More potential customers to buy business products/service.
 Greater opportunity for innovation – There will be an increase of new service
and products.
 More taxes will be paid to the government - More services will be provided by
the government to enterprises as a result of more taxes.

Challenges of a rapidly increasing population to a business

 High unemployment rate – The rapidly growing population may result in higher
unemployment.
 High crime rate – Unemployed people will resort to criminal activities and steal
from the businesses.
 Strain on government to provide resources such as education and health
 Creation of shanty towns – Inventors may not will to set up business in those
areas.
 Political unrest – Results in political unrest and the weakening of the state.
 Increase in competition– many people will come up with their businesses and
this would lead to more competition.

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Case Study 6
Hewing Wood For His Daily Bread

Otto shigwedha (41) lives at One Nation informal settlement and has been chopping and
selling firewood for several years now. He says the trade has helped to improve his
conditions. Poverty and the high cost of living in Windhoek motivated him to look into
selling wood to help sustain him.

He started chopping wood four years ago and selling it to people in the local community as
a means to support his family. “I became a security guard in 2017, but ended up leaving
the job because the working conditions were very poor and they paid us very little. The
money was never enough to provide for my family. “After resigning as a security guard, I
decided to chop firewood in the outskirts of Windhoek and then sell it to people in my
neighborhood,” he further explained.

Shigwedha says hewing firewood for sale is not everyone’s cup of tea, because it involves
a lot of hard work. Omes Gurirab is also selling firewood but he brings them from Omaruru.
Shigwedha says one has to chop wood the whole day and transporting it to the market
costs a lot of money. “The demand for firewood in my area is high, because many of us
don’t have electricity and a lot of cannot afford gas stoves. ‘Therefore, I always make sure
I chop enough firewood, both for my wife and kids, and also for the people in the
community.
“I sell firewood for ten dollars per bunch of seven logs and so far, my business is moving
forward and going well.” With a smile on his face and a shrug of resignation Shigwedha
admits that it is real struggle for him to keep head above water, but with the little he earns
he is now able to put bread on the table for his family.
He looks up and thanks God for giving him the strength to come up with this idea so he
can support his family.
(Source: Adopted from New era, 27 July 2015)

a) Identify two components from the nosiness environment and support them with one
example of each from the case study. (4)
b) Suggest two business you could start based on shigwendha’s enterpris (2)
c) Shigwendha hewing of firewood can have harmful effects on the natural environment.
i. Identify and explain two harmful effect Shigwedha’s business may have on the
environment. (6)
ii. Advice Shigwedha in two ways how Shigwedha can lessen these harmful effects
on the natural environment. (4)
d) Explain two benefits of rapid increasing population on Shigwedhas business (4)

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THEME 3: MANAGING AN ENTERPRISE SUCCESSFULLY

TOPIC 3.1 MANAGEMENT TASKS

PLAN AN ENTERPRISE ACTIVITY FOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP DAY

Use guidelines of planning
 Who, What, When, Why, Where, How

Example

• What should be done? • Entrepreneurship day

• Who will do it? • Learners

• Where it will be done? • At school

• How it should be done? • Every learner should have a business

activity than prepare and sell goods or
services

• 27 July …………
• When it will be done?

• For learners to know how to manage a

• Why should it be done
small business

NB: Learners should do theirs individual or in pairs based on their enterprise activity

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DEVELOP A BUDGET FOR THE ENTREPRENEURSHIP DAY ACTIVITY
 Learners should state their business/enterprise activity
 Draw a budget for their business

Example: 1
Budget of Mafeno Take away for July 2020
Incomes
Capital 2100
2100
Less Expenses
Meat 250
Seasonings 200
Potatoes 150
Baking flour 100
Transport 30
Drinks 300
Wages 500 1530
Net profit 570

Example: 2 Budget of Mafeno Take away for July 2020

Expenses Incomes
Meat 250 Capital 2100
Seasonings 200
Potatoes 150
Baking flour 100
Transport 30
Drinks 300
Wages 500

Total expenses 1530 Total incomes 2100

Net Profit 570

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CONDUCT A MARKET RESEARCH IN GENERAL AND FOR THE
ENTREPRENEURSHIP DAY ENTERPRISE ACTIVITY OF THEIR CHOICE THAT WILL
INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING COMPONENTS REGARDING:

 Potential customers
 Needs of the customers
 Competitors
 Appropriate price
 Location
 Costs
 Regulations

Market research
- A process of collecting and analyzing data relating to the demand for goods or services in
a specific market.

Information regarding market research:

• Potential customers: People who are likely to become customers of the business
in future (people with needs and want to be satisfied).
To determine the number of customers interested in product / service.

• The customers’ needs: Is the product/service that customers want or need in

order to satisfy their needs.
To know what customers expect of your product/service.

• The competitors: Other businesses selling similar products as our business.

To know if there are other businesses offer similar products/service; To
determine what prices they are changing; To know how services are offered;
To develop strategies to penetrate the market.

• The appropriate price: The amount of money customers is willing and prepare
to pay in exchange of product /service.
To establish a price, range suitable for the customers and in line with the
competitors’ price.

• The location: Determine where customers are based.

To choose a suitable area where you should set up the business / to find the
best place where to situate the business.

• The costs: The costs involved in getting the product or offering the service
To know how much, it will cost to establish the business.

• The government regulation: How the current and future regulations affect
the business operation.

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 To know the correct procedures to be followed when you start / establish a
business

NB: Learners should design their research instruments e.g. interview or questionnaire
The instruments should consist of questions regarding the information to be included in the
market research

See example of questionnaire

EXAMPLE
Business idea: Cinema
QUESTIONNAIRE
I am name a learner at name of school doing
Entrepreneurship as a subject. I would like to have a Cinema enterprise at our school on
the market day. I am conducting a research on the business idea mentioned early. Would
you kindly fill the questionnaire below?

1. Specify your gender

Female Male

2. Age group
15 -25 26 – 30 31 – 39 40 – 49 50 - 60

3. Will you be interested to support a cinema business

4. What movies would you like to watch

5. Where do you get or watch movies

6. How much will you be willing to pay per movie (cross X)

N$ 5.00 – 11.00 -15.00 16.00 – 20.00 21.00 - 30.00 35.00 – 50.00
10.00

7. Where in the school would you prefer the cinema to be located

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8. What cost should a cinema business pay before being set up

9. What requirements should a cinema business follow

COMPILE A MARKET RESEARCH REPORT IN GENERAL AND FOR THE

ENTREPRENEURSHIP DAY ACTIVITY

Market research report

A detailed analysis of the collected data/information collected for a specific sector of
consumer or markets

NB: Write a market research report after conducting a market research

The market research report should contain information gathered using the research
instrument e.g. interview or questionnaire

Format / Components of the market research report

 Introduction - Discuss what was the aim of market research
 Methods and procedures - Explain how you conducted the research. E.g.
Questionnaire or Interview
 Presentation of findings – The results should reflect the information about;
potential customers, customer needs, the appropriate price, suitable location, costs
and regulations. Results can be presented in the form of tables or bar charts.
 Conclusion – what have you realised and the decisions made

NB// the report should be written in past tense

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Assessment grid for market research report / tasks or assignments:

Learners Name : Grade 9

School :

Collection and presentation of relevant data and recommendations (this grid can be
adapted to fit the specific task/assignment, as all do not involve the collection of
information, e.g. the completion of documents and design of advertisements)

Marks
Performance
Grade 9

0 No attempt made to gather information and to submit an assignment.

1-4 Attempts made to gather information but from limited sources. Some
limited understanding of appropriate presentation methods but very poorly
applied.

5-8 Attempt made to gather some relevant information from wider sources.
Better understanding of appropriate presentation with some variation but
limited application.

9-12 Information collected from many sources using a variety of techniques

and presented using some different and appropriate methods.

Information collected is relevant to the topic using appropriate methods

13-16 with some evidence of original research. Clear presentation with evidence
of attempts to convert data into different and appropriate forms of
communication.

Information collected is clearly linked to the topic set and appropriate

17-20 methods of collection have been well applied throughout. There is
evidence of considerable research and detailed understanding of the data
used. Materials are fully and clearly explained and a complete range of
presentation skills used

20 Total

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PREPARE A BUSINESS PLAN IN GENERAL AND FOR THE ENTREPRENEURSHIP
DAY ENTERPRISE ACTIVITY THAT INCLUDES:
 Description of the business/enterprise
 Market research report
 Marketing plan
 Production/service plan
 Organisational plan
 Financial plan (budget, cash flow forecast, financing)
 Action plan

GUIDELINES OF WRITING A BUSINESS PLAN

NB : The business plan should have a cover page (business name, logo and owners
name)
: The business plan should be written in simple tense and future tense

Name of the business

 The name should reflect on what the business is going to offer
 The name should not be offensive and it should not be similar to another existing

The choice of the product/services

 Indicate the product the business is going to sell or the service to be provided

Logo
 Design a logo (frame it if the picture is more than one)
 It should reflect on the product/service
 Not a slogan

Business vision
 What the business intend to achieve in the future or for life e.g. expansion
worldwide/region; more buildings; providing more jobs – long term
 State the future for your business (long-tem goal)

Goals and objectives

 State what you want your business to achieve and strategies that you are going to
use to achieve those goals
 Satisfy needs/wants – how?
 Deliver quality – how?

Market research
 Covers information collected during the market research such as:
 Potential customers (target market)
 Needs/wants of the customers
 Competitors

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  Price
 Location
 Costs and Regulations

Marketing plan
 The way the business is going to market its product
 The marketing mix (4 P’s) / Product, place (location), price and promotion
e.g. product –sweets, price –N$0.20 cents, place –school ground, promotion -
posters

Production plan
 Raw materials/ingredients cost – if not produced self
 Methods
 Time frame –preparation, opening hours/days
 Cost production
 Quantity control
 Explain in case of trading or services business e.g. (Trading –bought from, transport
to business or Services – how the service will be rendered)

Organizational plan
 Number of workers
 Responsibility
 Salary

Financial plan
 Stat up capital (how much money is needed) – figures to show – realistic not
millions
 Sources of capital (where it came from) not borrow from the bank as its based on
entrepreneurship day
 Calculation of profit (how much the business will spend and how much money will
be left or income less expenses)

Action plan
 State activities, dates when the activities will be done and the person responsible

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 Business/Enterprise Plan Assessment Grid

Name :
School :
Grade 9

Components Marks Performance

Name of the proposed business/enterprise 1

The choice of product or service 1

Logo 2

Business/enterprise vision 1

Goals 3

Objectives 3

Market research 4

Marketing plan 4

Production/ operational plan 4

Organisation or assignment of responsibilities 4

Financial plan 4

Action plan 4

Total 35

Teachers signature Date

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COMPILE A DUTY SHEET FOR STAFF/ASSISTANTS/ ENTREPRENEUR IN GENERAL
AND FOR THE ENTREPRENEURSHIP DAY ENTERPRISE ACTIVITY

An example of a duty sheet for a staff

Job title: Waiter / Waitress
Where will the employee perform In bar and Restaurant
his/her tasks?
What are the roles and Introduce him or herself to guests, seat guests at
responsibilities of the employee? table, inform guests of specials, take orders, serve
meals and drinks, clear tables, ensure guest comfort.
What are the working hours? Shift starts at 06H00 ends at 11H00, extra hours may
be required
What formal qualifications (or Good customer relations, spoken English, Certificate
specific skills) are required? or diploma
What type of personality is Friendly and outgoing
required?
What level of experience is A minimum of 6 months experience in a recognised
required? establishment.
To whom will the employee Manager on duty
report?
What is the dress code? Prescribe uniform

NB: learners can develop for themselves as entrepreneur, for their staff/assistants based
on their enterprise activity

DEMONSTRATE AND APPLY LEADERSHIP SKILLS IN THE ENTREPRENEURSHIP

DAY ENTERPRISE ACTIVITY

 Learners have to guide themselves or their employees/assistant as they operate

their business on the entrepreneurship day
 Learners need to solve or attend to any challenges that might occur in their
enterprise activity
 Should also be willing to listen to customers in order to improve on their products or
services

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DEVELOP AND IMPLEMENT SET STANDARDS IN GENERAL AND FOR THEIR
ENTREPRENEURSHIP DAY ENTERPRISE ACTIVITY ON THE FOLLOWING ITEMS:
(quality, quantity, time, safety and health, cost)

Set standards In general (bakery enterprise)

Quality Use white/brown flour only, shapes of cakes should be round and
almost of a tennis ball, shape of bread should be rectangle
Quantity The size of bread should be medium and produce 200 loaves of
bread per day
The size of cakes should be small and 150 cakes should be
produced
Time Cakes should be fried in 5 – 10 minutes, while bread should be
baked in 45 – 60 minutes
Safety and Package bread in plastic, while cakes should be in a lunch box
health
Cost The cost of ingredients for bread should not exceed N$500 while
for cakes should be N$300

Set standards for their enterprise

Learners should write their own based on their enterprise activity following the items

COMPARE ACTUAL BUSINESS/ENTERPRISE PERFORMANCE WITH SET

STANDARD

We can describe and list the standards that we want to follow and we can perform spot
checks to see how well we carry out the set standards.

ANALYSES DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SET STANDARDS AND ACTUAL

PERFORMANCE:
Compare the set standards with actual performance and analyse by identifying the
difference
The analysis of variances is an important learning tool for you and success of your
enterprise going forward.

DEVELOP AND REPORT ON CORRECTIVE MEASURES TO IMPROVE ON SET

STANDARDS:
 Reward staff if they have reached or exceed their month’s target.
 Discuss with staff what you plan to do to fix negative variances.
 Adjust your future budgets if some budgeted amounts are unrealistic.
 Use the variance information to plan to expand or diversify the enterprise.
 Train the staff members

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 Replace materials so that the final product has the correct standards.
 Change methods so that they follow the standards.

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Case study 7
A Mark Of True Excellence

Adapted from an article by Michael Tambo as published in Prime Focus of February 2012
It is true to say that any person can sell a product but only a few people can successfully
create a business. In an area where the majority of people cannot afford to buy good
quality products at a cheaper price, Complete Lifestyle Warehouse (CLW) has come up
with a workable solution through offering quality products at reasonable prices for all
Namibians.
Located in Northern Industrial Area in Windhoek next to China Town, CLW opened its
doors in September 2011 with a mission to provide reasonably priced quality products.
The company assembles and retails exclusive dining and coffee tables, beds, wardrobes
and side cabinets shipped from the United Kingdom. The products arrive at the shop as
dismantled pieces of wood and are then assembled by the company’s local experts in the
workshop, before being displayed in the store for sale.
The owner of the company, Peter Benz, has an honours degree in accounting in law and
ten years’ working experience as a charted accountant. He says he has no experience in
manufacturing and retailing but was strongly driven by the passion to provide a complete
lifestyle warehouse for Namibians.
Having spent most of his time overseas, the 35-year old entrepreneur returned home only
to be dismayed by the fact that almost all products sold in the country were at premium
prices, thereby denying a larger part of the community the privilege of owning goods such
as an ordinary kitchen cupboard.
“When I came back, I was dismayed by the fact that most products in Namibia were not
affordable to most people and part of the community is excluded from owning basic
goods.”
“I then thought of how we could go about providing quality reasonably priced products to
Namibians. Then CLW came as an initiative to do something that could benefit a lot of
people and at the same time create employment for the local youth,” says Benz.
“Without exception, people who walk into our shop are impressed with our range of
products, because we provide quality at good prices. The staff is very friendly and treats
every customer with respect. We also offer financing options and we do not charge
interest on our lay-bye,” he asserts.
The company’s pricing system for exclusive goods has managed to put them on the map
as many people from all walks of life frequent the shop daily, buying themselves quality
goods.
He has a staff of nine vibrant young people who are eager and willing to learn and they
operate as a corporate family with a shared sense of ownership of resources and
responsibility.
The inspiration to start the company, for Benz, came from his grandparents and
parents, whom he says have always been honest people that have always stood up to
achieve whatever they set themselves to do.
“I come from a peasant family; a family of hard workers. Through my upbringing I have
developed the desire to build things and to provide services to people in need and seeing
them happy gives me a sense of satisfaction,” says Benz
What has enabled him to do this kind of work he does, even though it is a different field to
one he studied in college, is willingness to take risks.
“In business, you have to be willing to take a risk and the only way you can mitigate on
that risk is proper planning. There is nothing particularly special about me. I just find
ENTREPRENEURSHIP GRADE 9 NOTES KAVANGO WEST REGION Page 52 of 89
good people to do the things that I cannot do and I am gifted in the ability to attract
people who are forward-thinkers.”

1. Discuss two components of market research that can help Complete Lifestyle
Warehouse to improve its operations. (4)
2. Compile a duty sheet for complete lifestyle warehouse manager (The store is closed on
Fridays, Saturdays and Sundays, he works for 9 hours. (8)
3. Set standards for complete lifestyle warehouse
a) Safety and health (2)
b) Quality (2)
4. Compare the actual performance of Complete Lifestyle warehouse to the set standards
(4)
Set standards Actual performance
Assemble 15 coffee Tables/month 13 Tables assembled/month
cost of production N$ 3500/month cost of production N$ 2000/month

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TOPIC 3.2 MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS

SET THE SELLING PRICES FOR THEIR CHOSEN ENTERPRISE PRODUCTS USING
COST PLUS PRICING.

Cost-Plus Pricing
Involves estimating how many of the product will be produced, then calculating the total
cost of producing this output and finally adding a percentage mark-up for profit.

Total cost+mark−up
Formula: Selling price = Number of products

Example 1:
If the total cost of making 2 000 chocolate bars is N$800 and you want to make a 50 per
cent profit on each bar, your calculations: Calculate the selling price

Formula
Total cost+mark−up
Selling price = Number of products
50
N$800+ 𝑥N$800
100
= 2000
N$1200
= 2000
= N$ 0.60 cents per chocolate bar

OR

Formula Total cost ÷ number of products + mark up

Unit price 800 ÷ 2000 = 0.40
Mark up price 0.40×50/100 = 0.20
Unit price + Markup price 0.40 + 0.20
Selling Price = N$ 0.60 cents

Example 2:
The cost price of a certain product is N$40.00 and markup is 25%. Calculate the selling
price

FORMULA: Selling price = Cost price + Mark up

= N$40.00 + (25/100 X N$40.00)
= N$40.00 + N$10
= N$50.00

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DRAFT A QUESTIONNAIRE TO SURVEY AND DETERMINE VIEWS OF CONSUMERS
WITH REGARDS TO THE QUALITY OF THEIR BUSINESS/ ENTERPRISE PRODUCTS
(GOODS OR SERVICES) AT THE ENTREPRENEURSHIP DAY ENTERPRISE
ACTIVITY.

Learners should set up a questionnaire for customers to complete while visiting their
enterprise activity on the entrepreneurship day
Example: Bakery Enterprise

Questionnaire

1. Which of the product did you buy between a cake and bread (tick)
Cake Bread

2. How was the taste of the product (tick)

Tasty
Somehow
Tasteless

3. What do you suggest about the flavor of the product

4. How is the price (tick)

Cheap
Affordable
Expensive

5. Any recommendation about the product

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ROLE-PLAY GOOD AND BAD CUSTOMER CARE
Learners should select from the scenarios below
 Returning or exchanging of products
 Calling MTC customer care Centre e.g. internet connection
 Giving change which is not enough
 Late delivery of goods e.g. furniture shop

EXPLAIN THE CONSEQUENCES OF GOOD AND BAD CUSTOMER CARE:

 Customers who receive good customer care will often return to the enterprises, they
will come back to buy more goods and services.
 If customers do not feel valued (received bad customer care), they will not continue
to buy your products and services and will go elsewhere.

IDENTIFY AND EXPLAIN APPROPRIATE SOURCES (INCLUDING SUPPLIERS) OF

PRODUCTION INPUTS (RAW MATERIALS)
 Supplier – Business that makes products available to consumer at a price. E.g. Of
suppliers, Retailer is the business that specialize in selling small quantity and
Wholesale business that buys and sells large quantity of a material
 Natural Environment - Natural environment including living things and no-living
things.

DISTINGUISH BETWEEN THE FOLLOWING METHODS OF PRODUCTION:

 Job Production– Refers to the production of single product from start to finish. E.g.
construction of a bridge/road
 Flow Production/Mass/Continuous – When a product is built upon at each stage
and passed on to another stage. E.g. bottling of Coke, Fanta. Etc.
 Batch Production – When products are produced in groups and each batch of
products goes through a particular phase together. E.g. production of breads

LIST THE RIGHTS OF HIV/AIDS POSITIVE EMPLOYEES IN A WORK PLACE

(ACCORDING TO THE LABOR ACT)
 An HIV positive person may not be discriminated against or victimized
 They have got right to fair pay, sick leave, and pension fund
 They may not be fired or dismissed because of their status
 They may not be asked by management to go for an HIV test
 They may not be asked to disclose their status to anyone be it the owner of
the business

EXPLAIN WHY BUSINESS SHOULD COMPLY WITH THE LABOR ACT PROVISION
FOR HIV/AIDS POSITIVE WORKERS IN A WORKPLACE.

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  The Labour Act clearly states that: Workers should be protected from unfair Labour
practice and the workplace should be a place of safety. Any business that does not
comply with the Labour Law can face criminal charges
 To eliminate unfair discrimination in the workplace.
 To avoid unfair dismissal.
 Not to discriminate against HIV/AIDS positive employees at a workplace.
 To provide protection clothing and equipment to limit workplace infection.
 To provide proper training/information on HIV/AIDS.
 To avoid harassment of HIV/AIDS positive workers.

EXPLAIN FACTORS TO DETERMINE CAPITAL REQUIREMENT:

 Size of the business – The bigger the business the larger the amount needed.
 Nature of the business – It depends on the type of business that you have. E.g. A
service business might require less capital than a manufacturing business.
 Production systems to be used – How the products will be produced will have an
influence on the size of capital
 Length of production – The longer it takes to produce, the higher capital is required
 Types of product – Some products are only in demand during certain seasons, so
high working capital is needed.
 Cash or Credit trading – Cash trading needs less capital than credit trading

EXPLAIN AND ESTIMATE CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS OF THEIR CHOSEN

ENTERPRISE:

Capital requirement for the business

Capital can be money or other assets needed to start up a business.

Requirement for a new business to get started are:

 Capital expenditure
 Trading stock
 Cash reserves

EXPLAIN THE IMPORTANCE OF BOOKKEEPING AND DOCUMENTATION IN

BUSINESS/ENTERPRISES
 To record money that flows into and out of the business
 To prevent money from disappearing
 To determine profits/losses in in a business
 To control debtors/creditors
 To record the purchasing and selling stock

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RECORD CASH TRANSACTIONS IN A RECEIPTS AND PAYMENT ACCOUNT
The Receipt and Payment account is a book or computer program in which we record all
the cash or money that comes into the enterprise, and all the cash or money that goes out
of the enterprise.
Receipts – Is the money business earns i.e. sales, current income/service rendered,
commission received, interest received, etc.
Payments – Is the amount of money paid out by the business such as paying for
expenses and buying assets.

Example: Use the following transactions to draw up a simple receipts and payments
account.
The following information was taken from the books of Fewa Hair Salon for February 2014.

Transactions:
1. Mr. Angula started a salon under the name Fewa Salon and deposited
N$20 000, into bank account of the business as his capital contribution.
2. Purchase hair products N$8 000
2. Paid rent N$3 000
4. Paid trading N$550
6. Received N$1 500 from sales of hair products
9 . Bought salon equipment N$3 500
10. Service rendered, N$2 500
13. Paid water and electricity N$800
20. Receive N$1 500 for hair done
22. Purchases of salon materials N$7 500
25. Commission received, N$4 000
26. Receive N$10 550, for service rendered
29. Paid salaries N$10 000

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Example 1(solution)
Receipts and Payments Account of Fewa Hair salon for February 2014
Receipts Payments
Date Details Amount Date Details Amount

1 Capital 20 000 2 Purchases 8 000

6 Current income/service 1 500 2 Rent 3 000
rendered
10 Current Income / service 2 500 4 Trading license 550
rendered
20 Current Income/service 1 500 9 Equipment 3 500
rendered
25 Commission received 4 000 13 Water and electricity 800
26 Current Income/service 10 500 22 Materials 7500
rendered
29 Salaries 10 000
30 Balance 6 650

40 000 40 000

Example 2
Receipts and Payments Account of Sole Trader - May 2018
Receipts Payments
2018 N$ 2018 N$
May Bank (Balance) 120 000- May Telephone 300-
1 2
7 Rent received/income 8 000- 5 Water & electricity 2 700-
12 Commission received 150- 19 Cleaning materials 420-
22 Sales 6 750- 21 Purchases 5 110-
23 Bank interest 220- 25 Salaries 12 000-
received
30 Current income/ 29 Materials/
services rendered 1 500- Material costs 746-
31 Drawings owner 5 000-
31 Bank (Balance) 110 344
136 620- 136 620

NB: The amount to start and end with is the bank amount. Normally the amount for the
beginning of the month would be provided, but learners should be able to calculate the

ENTREPRENEURSHIP GRADE 9 NOTES KAVANGO WEST REGION Page 59 of 89

balance at the end of the month. Add up receipts = 136 620, less payments = 26 276
gives a balance or bank amount of 110 344.

CALCULATE THE PROFIT OR LOSS FOR A TRADING, SERVICE AND SIMPLE

MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISE ACTIVITY

A trading enterprise sells goods that it has purchases for resale. Its income comes from
sales and its expenses come from buying the products that it wants to sell. It has to sell
more goods at a higher price than the goods it buys in order to make a profit.
In a service enterprise, you sell services to customers. For example, if you are a
hairdresser you sell haircuts (the service) and your expense are the salaries you pay to the
hairdressers, as well as the products and tools they use.
A manufacturing enterprise buys raw materials and employs staff to make items for resale.

Example (Services Business)

The following balances were extracted in the firms’ books for the year ended on 28
February 2014

Service rendered N$ 35 000

Materials cost N$ 2 500
Salaries N$15100
Wages N$5200
Water & Electricity N$1120
Rent Paid N$4800
Insurance N$220
Bank (Dr) N$6800
Cash float N$250
Drawings N$6000
Capital N$32500
Equipment N$15000
Vehicles N$9000
Debtors N$600
Creditors N$550
Telephone N$360

Calculate the profit or loss of Kwik dry cleaners for the year ended 28 February 2012
(service business)

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Formula :
Profit/Loss = Income – expenses

Incomes
Service rendered 35 000
Total Incomes N$ 35 000

Expenses
Material cost 2500
Salaries 15100
Wages 5200
Water and electricity 1120
Rent paid 4800
Insurance 220
Telephone 360
Total Expenses N$ 29 300

= Income – expenses
= N$35 000 – N$29 300
= N$5700 Profit

PREPARE A BALANCE SHEET FOR A BUSINESS/ENTERPRISE IN T-FORMAT

What is a balance sheet?
A balance sheet shows the financial position of the business on a particular date. The
balance sheet shows all assets, liabilities and owners’ equity of the business.

NB: no expenses and incomes are recorded in a balance sheet

1. Asset Accounts
 Assets-all the properties or belongings of the business

 Assets are divided into fixed and current assets

(i)Fixed assets- are assets that stay in the business for a longer period (more than 1
year). These assets are not for resale purposes.
Examples: Land and buildings, Equipment (computers, tools), Furniture,
Fixtures and Fittings, Vehicles (cars, trucks, tractors)

(ii) Current assets-assets that have a short lifespan (less than 1 year) and can be
converted into cash. These assets are more of a temporary nature and bought with the
intention of selling them.
Examples: Stock, Bank, Cash float, Petty cash, Accrued income, Cash,
Debtor, Prepaid expenses

ENTREPRENEURSHIP GRADE 9 NOTES KAVANGO WEST REGION Page 61 of 89

2. Owner’s Equity accounts
 Owner’s Equity-Owners monetary interest in the business
Examples: Capital, Drawings

3. Liability accounts
 Liabilities-These are amounts that the business owes to creditors, companies or
financial institution for money.
 Liabilities are divided into long-term and current liabilities:
(i) Long term liabilities - are obligations to be paid back over a long period (more
than 1 year).
Examples: Loan, Mortgage bond

(ii) Current liabilities - are obligations to be paid back over a short period. (less than 1
year).
Examples: Creditors, Bank overdraft

NB: Remember to balance (It means owner’s equity amount will be equal of total assets)
Use the following information to draw up ABC balance sheet as at 31 August 2013 in
a T format
Capital N$ 175000
Drawings N$ 4000
Land and building N$ 120000
Vehicles N$ 100000
Equipment N$ 27500
Loan N$ 56000
Stock (31.12.2008) N$ 50000
Debtors N$ 2470
Bank N$ 15000
Cash N$ 2400
Creditors N$ 4900
Net income N$ 85470

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Example 1 (Solution)
Balance Sheet of ABC Traders as at 31 August 2013
Assets Owner’s Equity and Liabilities
Fixed Assets Owner’s Equity
Land and Building 120 000 Capital 175 000
Vehicles 100 000 Plus: Net Income 85 470
Equipment 27 500 260 470
247 500 Less: Drawings 4 000
Current Assets 256 470
Stock 50 000 Liabilities
Debtors 2 470 Creditor 4 900
Bank 15 000 Loan 56 000
Cash 2 400 60 900
69 870

317 370 317 370

Example 2
Balance Sheet of Sole Trader on 31 May 2018
Assets Owner's Equity and Liabilities
Fixed Assets Owner's Equity
Land and Buildings 600 500- Capital 1 000 000-
Vehicles 400 000- Plus: Net Profit 240 000-
Equipment 150 000- 1 240 000-
1 150 500- Less: Drawings 30 000-
1 210 000-
Current Assets
Bank 55 000- Liabilities
Cash 7 210- Creditors 5 400-
Petty cash 390-
Debtors 2 300-
1 215 400- 1 215 400-

ENTREPRENEURSHIP GRADE 9 NOTES KAVANGO WEST REGION Page 63 of 89

EXPLAIN THE IMPORTANCE OF REGISTERING FOR VAT FOR NAMIBIA
BUSINESSES/ENTERPRISES
• To provide income to the government to improve services/the economy
• To avoid penalty of late payment
• For enterprises to get benefits like VAT refund
• Enterprises to tender for government tender

IDENTIFY THE CAUSES OF CONFLICT SITUATION IN BUSINESS/ ENTERPRISES

• Aims and objectives of people in business are different
• Personal difference between people
• Different perceptions and life experience
• Poor communication
• Poor performance
• Budget allocation
• No feedback
• Lack of fringe benefits
• Poor personnel management
• No positive feedback
• Poor remuneration
• Leadership style
• Not taking role in decision making
• Poor supervision - Unfair budget allocation
• Bad working condition and bad working environment
• Lack of job security and safety - Poor administration

EXPLAIN HOW TO RESOLVE CONFLICT SITUATION IN BUSINESS/ ENTERPRISE

Step 1: Identify the problem and give the parties involved in the conflict situation to tell
side them of the story
Step 2: Gather information from both parties and discuss solution to the conflict
Step 3: Analyses the data by not taking side
Step 4: Choose the best solution and all parties must come to an agreement and if you
cannot solve the problem bring in a third party
Step 5: Implementation of the solutions and provide feedback as well as follow up
discussion

ENTREPRENEURSHIP GRADE 9 NOTES KAVANGO WEST REGION Page 64 of 89

 OR

Step 1: Identify the problem and find out the cause of it.
Step 2: Diagnose the problem
Step 3: Think of and discuss different solution to the problem
Step 4: Decide more course of action
Step 5: Take action
Step 6: Evaluate and assess whether the problem has solved, if not call in the third
person.

IDENTIFY AND EXPLAIN THE HUMAN RESOURCE NEEDS OF AN ENTERPRISE IN

GENERAL.
 Good remuneration packages: fair salaries according to work done
 Modern equipment/tools: helps to increase the overall functioning speed
of the business activities and its staff members
 Job Specifications: qualifications, educational background and experience
 Job description: workers must be aware of where his/her role fit into the business and
also explain the duties and responsibilities of the job

OR

1. Owners: General Manager in charge of the enterprise

2. Financial manager: he/ she may also be the bookkeeper or who may supervise a
bookkeeper
3. Marketing and sales manager: who may also be the sales manager or a
salesperson or who may supervise sales staff?
4. Production manager: The department that deals with the manufacturing of goods and
services in the enterprise.
5. Human resource manager: the department that deals with recruitment and training.

EXPLAIN AND DEVELOP GUIDELINES TO MOTIVATE WORKERS IN BUSINESSES/

ENTERPRISES
 Remuneration: workers feel more important if their wages and salaries are satisfactory
because they will be able to satisfy their needs and wants
 Know the employees: it makes workers to feel more important and motivated if you know
their names
 Personnel development: by providing training for additional knowledge and skills, it
motivates and improve performance
 Team building: organize activities that will make workers to work together kindly
 Other incentives and rewards: other things that motivate workers apart from money such
as small gifts, fringe benefits, chance of promotion etc.
 Safety and healthy workplace: workers should be provided with a working environment
that is free from unnecessary risks

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 OR

 Good salary/Recognition of good works/know your employees by names/acknowledge

certificate.
 Reward/Gift: Acknowledgement/praise of good work
 Give employees fringe benefits/bonuses should be in place
 Set objectives/aims and share with employees
 Prospects for promotion
 Training possibilities/increase viabilities/personnel development
 Encourage employees to develop their skills by involving them in decision making
 Give employees job security
 Listen to and value the employee’s ideas
 Allow employees some independence
 Should behave ethically towards your employees
 Provide job description to employees
 Provide job safety or safe and healthy environment

EXPLAIN FORMS OF RECRUITMENT:

Internal recruitment: is when an enterprise fills a vacant position with someone already
working in the enterprise.
External recruitment: is when an enterprise fills a vacant position with someone
from outside the enterprise.

DISCUSS METHODS OF INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL RECRUITMENT

Internal recruitment
 Promotion- moving from a lower rank to a higher rank
 Upgrading- training in present position
 Transferring- moving from one position to another

External recruitment
 Advertising- the position and anyone can apply
 Through friend and relatives- will approach people to apply
 Head hunting- people identified and approached with an offer

EXPLAIN DIFFERENT METHODS OF REMUNERATION BY MEANS OF HOURLY,

WEEKLY, MONTHLY OR PIECE RATE IN BUSINESSES/ ENTERPRISES
 Piece rate: is when workers are paid for work completed or is when workers are paid
according to the number/quantity of goods produced
 Wages: is the amount of money paid out to workers on hourly, daily and weekly basis
 Monthly: is the amount of money paid out to workers on a monthly basis. Usual by the
end of the month

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  Hourly rate: is when workers are paid according to fixed rate of hours worked. It
includes both normal time and over time
 Weekly rate: a salary is paid to an employee at the end of each week.
 Educational institutions: talk/convince students to apply for a position

CALCULATE THE REMUNERATION OF EMPLOYEES

Example 1
Calculating remuneration: if scania pay at a rate of N$4.00 per kilometer driven and daily
rate for travel allowance of N$600, Calculate the amount in remuneration a driver would
receive if he travelled over two days from Rundu to Windhoek (673 KM) and from Windhoek
to Walvis Bay (389 KM). Deductions of 20% are deducted for social security, PAYE and a
pension fund contribution

Daily rate: 600 x 2 days = 1200. 00 allowances paid for two days
Per Km: 1062 x 4.00 = 4248.00 paid for Km covered
Total = 5448.00
20% deductions: 0.20 x 5448 = 1089.60
5448 – 1089.60
= N$ 4358.40 paid to the worker for two days

Example 2
Beverley is employed by a local Marketing agent and she is paid N$ 40 per hour. She
works for two hours per day Monday to Friday.
Required
Calculate the amount she is entitled to
• In two hours
• In two days
• By the end of the week

Solution
• Rate per hour X Number of hours
=N$40.00 X 2 hours
= N$80.00
• Rat per hour X Number of hours
=N$40.00 X 4 hours
=N$160.00

• Rate per hours X Number of hours

= N$40.00 X 10 Hours
=N$400.00

ENTREPRENEURSHIP GRADE 9 NOTES KAVANGO WEST REGION Page 67 of 89

Case Study 8.1
Jerry Shitenga The Ximenia and Marula Oil Man

Jerry Shitenga is a young entrepreneur and call center agent. Youth Paper met up with
him at the Katutura annual expo which took place at the Katutura Youth Complex last
week. Jerry had a stand there to exhibit a range of his products – Ximenia and Marula oil,
which he makes at home with the assistance of his mother.
The birth
Operating from a garage at home that he uses as a workshop, jerry produces Namibian
oils made with natural resources found in our habitat.
His company, Tangi Manufacturing and consulting services, was initially created in 2010
but only became fully operational in 2014. “I opted for oils because these are the same oils
our parents have using for years. To grow their hair and also for cooking. I then decided to
commercialize the oils and add value by bottling it and keeping it 100% natural,” Jerry
said.
Jerry has a bachelor of business administration degree from the Namibian University of
science and Technology and is currently doing his honors at the same university.
“Education is endless and it is through education that we are able to enrich and equip
ourselves,” he said.
The 24-year-old was born in Windhoek and spend most of his schooling in the northern
parts of the country, at Oshakati.
He describes himself as an ambitious, vibrant go-getter.
“I am hardworking and an avid soccer fanatic. I have over the years set goals and visions
for myself and I am set on achieving them within the next years,” he said
The future
Jerry has hopes of expanding his business locally and internationally.
“I would like to add value and packaging and also add a range of cosmetic products such
as soaps and lotions.
I look forward to reducing the unemployment rate by creating employment opportunities for
the youth and those in the rural communities and this will be my contribution to the
development of the country. I see myself as being the preferred Marula and Ximenia oil
exporter as well as having my products in local retail outlets in the country.”
“Never give up on your dreams or what you believe in and always remain positive because
only from being positive can you yield positive results,” Jerry added.
(Adapted from: The Namibian. 2016-08-02)

a) Suggest two appropriate source of production input for Tangi Manufacturing and
consulting services (2)
b) Describe the method of production used by jerry to produce Marula oil (3)
c) Explain why jerry’s business should comply with the Labour Act provisions for
HIV/AIDS positive workers (4)
d) List at least Three rights of HIV/AIDS positive employees in a work place according
to the Labour Act (3)
e) Explain Two factors that jerry can consider to determine capital requirement (4)

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 f) Keeping business financial records is the most important job one should consider,
advice jerry on the importance of bookkeeping in an enterprise. (2)
g) Advice jerry on the importance of registering for VAT for his business (2)
h) Explain to Jerry TWO consequences of bad customer care (4)
i) Jerry want to reduce unemployment, Explain TWO forms of recruitment that Jerry
can use. (4)

Case Study 8.2

i. Receipts and payment accounts

Kandji take away is owned by Kasanga Titus. The following transactions were found in
Cannane’s Accounting book for September 2019.
1 Balance in the bank N$ 11 400
3 bought stock N$ 5 500
4 paid petrol for N$ 200
6 bought frying pans N$ 680
23 paid salary N$ 3 700
30 Received income from sales N$ 14 000

Assist Kasanga to prepare the payment and receipt account for September 2019

Date Receipts Amount Date Payments Amount

(12)

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ii. Profit or loss
On your way to Rundu you always have to spend some few dollars on delicious
roasted meat at Mahenzere at Ruvanda Butchery. It is small business owned by one
young man. The following balances were found in his books on 30 may 2020. Current
income N$ 120 000, Raw material cost N$ 7 500, salaries N$23 000, Water and
electricity N$ 2 980, insurance N$ 340, cash float N$ 450, drawings N$ 4000 and
received a loan from FNB N$ 10 000. Calculate his profit for the year ended 30 may
2020. (10)

iii. Balance sheet

The following information was taken from the book of Simpire Trading CC for the year
ended 30 October 2019.
Land and building N$ 60 000, Equipment N$ 40 000, Motor Vehicles N$ 50 000,
Debtors N$ 40 000, Creditors N$ 100 000, Insurance N$ 300, Drawings N$ 5 000,
Capital N$ 12 000, Sales N$ 6 000, Material cost N$ 900, Salaries N$ 13 000, Bank N$
7 000, Telephone N$ 900, Water and Electricity N$ 12 500. Profit calculated N$ 12
000.
Use the information above and Draw up a balance sheet for Simpire Trading CC for the
year ended 30 November 2019.

Balance sheet for……………………………………….

(13)

ENTREPRENEURSHIP GRADE 9 NOTES KAVANGO WEST REGION Page 70 of 89

Case Study 8.3
Navachab Workers Down Tools

Taken from an article written by Eveline de Klerk, in the New Era of Monday, 16 July 2012
Over 200 workers from the Navachab open-pit mine in Karibib downed tools on Friday morning
and brought operations at the mine to a halt.
The strike came after last minute negotiations on Thursday between the mine’s representatives
and the Mineworkers Union of Namibia (MUN) ended in deadlock, resulting in last Friday’s
industrial action involving over 200 workers of a workforce of over 370.
The MUN refused to accept the revised offer by the mine, which went up from 7% to 8.5% on basic
wages, conditional upon immediate acceptance. This resulted in the company reverting back to its
initial offer of 7% on wages and 10% on a housing allowance – backdated to January 2012, as well
as a once-off N$800 cash offer.
Workers accuse the company of paying them a pittance, in addition to an unbearable tax burden,
lack of housing and several other benefits.
The managing director of Navachab, Johan Coetzee, expressed his concern that the strike would
have a negative impact on the mine. He said that they have been negotiating non-stop with the
union to find an amicable solution to satisfy both parties.
According to Coetzee, Navachab is the only mine in Namibia that offers 100% medical aid
contribution, pays school fees for its employees’ children and provides free transport to and from
work. He says the total cost to the company for employees in the bargaining unit currently stands
at 11%. This is against a background of an inflation rate of just over 5% in 2011, while the
company’s performance was 23% below its target.

QUESTIONS:
1. Define the term remuneration (1)
2. Explain how to resolve conflict in this situation, by explaining the steps to be taken in
resolving a conflict situation. (6)

3. The workers of Navachab receive a weekly wage. Explain two other methods of
Remuneration that can be used in a workplace. (4)

[Link] would you suggest that Navachab can do to motivate their workers to be more

Positive in the workplace? (4)

TOPIC 3.3 COMMUNICATION

ENTREPRENEURSHIP GRADE 9 NOTES KAVANGO WEST REGION Page 71 of 89

COMPLETE (DOCUMENTS) AND DESIGN (ADVERTISEMENT) FOR THE DIFFERENT
FORMS OF COMMUNICATION:
- Marketing (quotation, delivery notes, adverts, tender documents)
- Purchasing: (Order form)
- Finance: (payment reminders, statements)
- Personnel: (advertisements)

Quotations
QUOTATION
ESHESHETE TRADING cc NO. 0005
P.O Box 956 Date:
Ondangwa

To:

Quantity Description Unit price Total

SUB TOTAL
VAT @ 15%
TOTAL

ENTREPRENEURSHIP GRADE 9 NOTES KAVANGO WEST REGION Page 72 of 89

Delivery Notes
DELIVERY NOTE
ESHESHETE TRADING cc NO. 404
P.O Box 956 Date:
Ondangwa

Deliver to: Invoice number:

Quantity Description

Goods received by: Signature:

ENTREPRENEURSHIP GRADE 9 NOTES KAVANGO WEST REGION Page 73 of 89

Advertisements

ENTREPRENEURSHIP GRADE 9 NOTES KAVANGO WEST REGION Page 74 of 89

Invoices

INVOICE
ESHESHETE TRADING cc NO. 9123
P.O Box 956 Date:
Ondangwa

To:

Quantity Description Unit price Amount

Sub total
VAT @ 15%
TOTAL

ENTREPRENEURSHIP GRADE 9 NOTES KAVANGO WEST REGION Page 75 of 89

Tender Document

ENTREPRENEURSHIP GRADE 9 NOTES KAVANGO WEST REGION Page 76 of 89

Purchasing (Order form)
ORDER FORM

KAMBWA TRADING cc NO. 112

P.O Box 825 Date:
Ondangwa

Name:
Address:

Quantity Description Unit price Total

TOTAL

ENTREPRENEURSHIP GRADE 9 NOTES KAVANGO WEST REGION Page 77 of 89

Finance: Payment reminders

ENTREPRENEURSHIP GRADE 9 NOTES KAVANGO WEST REGION Page 78 of 89

Payment reminder

DATE

NAME
ADDRESS

Dear Insert

Payment outstanding – 2nd reminder letter

Customer name Insert

Customer address Insert
Customer account reference number Insert

We wrote to you on xxxxrequesting payment of invoice numberxxxx, amount due £xxxxbyxxxx.

You have not notified us of any reason for non-payment of this amount. Neither have we received payment
which is now seriously overdue.
As you were unable to meet the deadline please either arrange to settle the invoice or contact me, on the
number above, within the next 7 days.
If you have any questions or consider that you are in financial hardship and are unable to make the
payment, please contact me to discuss your options which may include arranging a payment plan.
Please be aware that non-payment may result in a suspension or loss of service.

I look forward to hearing from you by xxxx

Yours sincerely

Graham Harvey

Finance Manager

Tel 0121 788 3469

Email accounts@[Link]

Statements (from a shop or bank)

ENTREPRENEURSHIP GRADE 9 NOTES KAVANGO WEST REGION Page 79 of 89

ENTREPRENEURSHIP GRADE 9 NOTES KAVANGO WEST REGION Page 80 of 89
Statements

STATEMENT OF RENT ACCOUNT

Name of Tenant(s): Name of Landlord:

Address: Address:

Tenancy Commencement Date: Contractual rent N$ per week/per

month

Date and Period Amount Balance

Date Paid Amount Paid
of payment due Due Outstanding

Date of statement

ENTREPRENEURSHIP GRADE 9 NOTES KAVANGO WEST REGION Page 81 of 89

Personnel: (advertisements)

ENTREPRENEURSHIP GRADE 9 NOTES KAVANGO WEST REGION Page 82 of 89

PRESENT THEIR BUSINESS PLAN
 Learners should present their business plan to their classmates or other learners at
school
 Learners should put their business idea into practice by conducting business on
entrepreneurship day

COMPILE A REPORT ON THEIR ENTREPRENEURSHIP DAY ENTERPRISE ACTIVITY

UNDER THE FOLLOWING HEADINGS:
Name of the enterprise
Description of the enterprise they are doing
How they are marketing their products
How they are producing their products
How they have organized the enterprise
How they are financing their enterprise operations
Result/ achievements
Challenges faced and how they overcame them
Recommendations and conclusions

GUIDELINES OF WRITING A BUSINESS REPORT

NB :The business report should have a cover page (business name, logo and owners name)
: The business report should be written in simple tense and past tense

Name of the enterprise

The name should reflect on what the business was offering
The name should not be offensive and it should not be similar to another existing
business
No mark if the name is different from the one in the business plan

Description of the enterprise

Describe the product provided by the business or the service rendered
Provide information on the type of ownership of the business

Marketing
The way the business was marketing its product
Look at the 4ps
e.g. product –sweets, price –N$0.20 cents, place –school ground, promotion -
posters

Production
Raw materials/ingredients cost
Methods
Time frame
Cost production

ENTREPRENEURSHIP GRADE 9 NOTES KAVANGO WEST REGION Page 83 of 89

 Quantity control
Trading –bought from, transport to business
Services – how the service will be rendered

Organization
Number of workers
Responsibility
Salary

Finance
Stat up capital (how much money is needed) – figures to show – realistic not
millions
Sources of capital (where it came from) not borrow from the bank as its based on
entrepreneurship day
Calculation of profit (how much the business will spend and how much money will
be left or income less expenses)

Results/achievement/
Results – well, poor (outcome profit/loss)
Achievement –success e.g. all products sold – good things

Challenges faced and how they overcame

State the challenges
How you overcame them

Recommendations
Learner should emphasis on challenges (in terms of the business) and the way
forward (what to improve in the future)
Three relevant recommendations

Conclusion
Summarise the whole activity in terms of strengths and weaknesses (lesson learnt)

ENTREPRENEURSHIP GRADE 9 NOTES KAVANGO WEST REGION Page 84 of 89

 Business/Enterprise Report Assessment Grid
Name :
School :
Grade 9

Components Marks Performance

Name of the business/enterprise 1

Description of the business/enterprise 1

How products are marketed 1

How products are produced 1

How the business/enterprise is organised or

1
responsibilities assigned

How business/enterprise operations are

4
financed

Results/achievements/profits 4

Challenges faced and how these were

4
overcome

Recommendations 4

Conclusions 4

Total 25

Teachers signature Date

ENTREPRENEURSHIP GRADE 9 NOTES KAVANGO WEST REGION Page 85 of 89

PRACTISE NEGOTIATING SKILLS IN ASSIMILATED SITUATIONS IN AN ENTERPRISE
ACTIVITY
Learners should negotiate in any given situation and role play on it, based on their
understanding
Wage negotiations
Prices of products
working hours
Permission of staffs
Selling and buying of goods and services
Order of products

EXPLAIN HOW THEY (ENTREPRENEURS) WILL INCREASE THE USE OF

COMPUTERS IN THEIR BUSINESS/ENTERPRISES.
For clerical tasks by the receptionist
For accounting purpose
For correspondence and documentation
For designing, printing and photographing
For invoicing, stock and processing information
For spreadsheets
For presentation purpose

ENTREPRENEURSHIP GRADE 9 NOTES KAVANGO WEST REGION Page 86 of 89

Case Study 9.1
1. Complete the quotation with the following information:
Rosalia is asked to repair the car of Mr. Ismael, house 710 Jufungeni, Rundu. She
will work on the car for 2 hours and she needs to replace the following:
One silencer box at N$ 405, 00 and two windscreen wipers at N$ 37, 50 each. The
rate for her labour is N$ 100,00 per hour and VAT is charged at 15%.

Rosalia’s Services
Reg.110/07/012

Date:12/02/2020

No: 87

To:
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________

Quantity Descriptions Unit price Total

Sub total

VAT

Total

This quote is valid for 14 days only

ENTREPRENEURSHIP GRADE 9 NOTES KAVANGO WEST REGION Page 87 of 89

Read the information below and complete the order form of Sihafereni investment CC.
Lucia K, a resident of Kulisuka location, house no. 27, she decided to place an order of
goods on 21 March 2020 from Sihafereni investment CC on the following items;
Three bread N$ 33.35, 1 broom N$ 25.60, 2 chairs N$ 124.00, 1 bed N$ 3 450.65.

PURCHASES ORDER
ORDER FORM

Sihafereni Investment cc NO. 112

P.O Box 825 Date:
Rundu

Name:
Address:

Quantity Description Unit price Total

TOTAL

ENTREPRENEURSHIP GRADE 9 NOTES KAVANGO WEST REGION Page 88 of 89

Case study 9.2
Namibia Ranks Poorly On ICT Usage
A new report on the usage of information technology indicates that Namibia is one of
the worst performing countries when it comes to the usage in new information and
communication technologies (ICTs).
Namibia has been described as a country where the usage of ICTs is low and
unaffordable. The country also lacks an innovative environment and government usage of
technology is appalling. With such bad scores, Namibia’s overall ranking is 105 out of 142
countries. In comparison, Namibia’s immediate neighbours to the east and south
performed better with Botswana ranking 89 and South Africa coming in at 72. Angola was
worst, with a ranking of 140.
Namibia did, however, score well on the political and regulatory environment, but on the
other important indicators such as affordability, Namibia scored poorly. The country
ranked 126 in the world on affordability. On economic impact and social impact of ICTs, it
ranked 116 and 118 respectively. Ranking on the business innovation environment is
pegged at 87; skills development is ranked 104, while government usage of ICTs is
ranked 108. The top ranking country on ICT usage is Sweden followed by Singapore,
because the two countries leverage (the ability to influence what people do) information
and communication technology to boost their competitiveness.
The overall Networked Readiness Index comprised of four sub-indexes that measured the
environment of ICT development; the readiness of society to use ICT; the actual usage of
the main stakeholders, as well as the impact that ICTs generate on economy and society.
Namibia’s rankings and scores on the sub-indexes included the environment sub-index
that gauges (measures) the friendliness of a country’s market and regulatory framework in
supporting high levels of ICT uptake and the development of entrepreneurship and
innovation prone conditions. The ranking of Namibia on this is 44. The readiness sub-
index measures the degree to which a society is prepared to make good use of affordable
ICT infrastructure and digital content. Here Namibia is ranked at 113. This sub-index
covers development of ICT infrastructures, as well as the accessibility of digital content,
affordability, the level of competition in the ICT sector and performance of the education
system, with regard to producing the necessary skills to take advantage of ICTs.
Namibia ranked 106 on the sub-index which assessed the usage of ICTs by individuals,
business and government, and includes indicators looking at mobile phone subscriptions;
individual and business Internet usage; usage of social networks; the state of official ICT
policies and the number of government services provided online. The country received a
119 ranking for the impact sub-index which gauges the broad economic and social
impacts accruing from ICTs to boost competitiveness and well-being and that reflect the
transformation toward an ICT and technology-savvy economy and society.

1. Explain the importance of ICT in the business. (4)

2. Namibia’s ranking on the usage of ICTs is very low. Explain how you would
increase the use of computers in your business. (6)

ENTREPRENEURSHIP GRADE 9 NOTES KAVANGO WEST REGION Page 89 of 89