Class 8
Computer
Ch: 1 operating system and graphical user interface
A. ..
B. ..
C. ..
D. Answer the following questions:-----
1. Ans:-- difference between a hardware and software are as follows:---
hardware Software
i. Physical part of the computer, which we The set of computer programs for effective running
can touch. of a computer .
ii. Ex:-- monitor, mouse, keyboard etc Ex:--- MS word, powerpoint, operating system etc
2. Ans:-- the types of software are:--- system software and application software .
3. Ans:-- an application software is a software which is installed by the user and used to performed a specific
task, whereas a system software is a software which is already supplied by the manufacturer in the
computer to run it .
4. Ans:-- operating system:--- An operating system(OS) is an interface ( or a medium of interaction ) between a
computer user and computer hardware. It is a system software which perform all the basic tasks like file
management, memory management, process management, controlling various drives and printers. All
computers, smartphones, smartwatch etc uses operating system. Some examples of operating system are
windows 10, windows 8, chrome OS, macOS, Linux etc.
5. Ans:-- we need an operating system because it helps us manage all the software and hardware on the
computer. CPU manages various activities under the directions of the OS.
6. Ans:--- the various functions of the operating system are:---
a) Process management:--- OS takes care of creation and deletion of processes and helps in
communication among various processes in a computer.
b) Memory management:--- OS helps in reserving memory for various processes.
c) File management:--- OS keeps track of different files and manage the files in a proper place.
d) Security:--- OS protects the information of a computer system against any unauthorised access.
e) Input / output device management:--- OS helps in control and coordination of various input and output
devices.
f) Job control:-- OS helps in running multiple tasks simultaneously .
7. Ans:-- various types of operating system are:---
a) Single user operating system:--- this is the type of operating system that most people use on their
desktop and laptop. For example:-- windows, MacOS etc.
b) Multi user operating system:--- a multi user operating system allows many different users to take
advantage of the computer’s resource simultaneously .
c) Multiprocessing operating system:--- this operating system means -- use of two or more CPU within a
single computer system.
d) Real-time operating system( RTOS ):--- this operating system is used to control machinery, scientific
instruments and industrial system. This OS is known to give maximum time for each of the critical
operations.
e) Distributed operating system:-- in this OS , distributed applications are run on multiple computers ,
linked by communications. This OS works in a network
f) GUI operating system:---- GUI uses the computer’s graphic capabilities to make program easier to use.
GUI elements are accessed through a pointing device such as mouse .
8. Ans:--- user interface:--- User interface is the part of the computer application or operating system through
which user interacts with a computer or a software.
The types of user interface are :---
a) Command Line Interface ( CLI ):--- this is also known as Command User Interface(CUI). here, we type a
text command and the computer responds according to that command. Ex:-- DOS .
b) Graphical User Interface ( GUI ):-- with the help of GUI operating system, we can interact with the
computer through a graphical interface with pictures and buttons.
c) Natural User Interface ( NUI ):-- A natural User Interface (NUI) is a system for human – computer
interaction , in which user interacts through intuitive actions. This operation includes voice, gesture and
touch .
9. Ans:---
a. Input:---Data or information entered into a computer system is called input. with the help of input
devices like mouse, keyboard etc, we can communicate with the computer system .
b. Process:-- process means performing some function inside a computer. The CPU is the main processing
unit in a computer, which process instructions ( or input ), calculation etc.
c. Output:--- The result or data produced by a computer after processing the input is called output. Ex:-
printed documents, song played by a loud speaker etc.
d. Store:-- store means to save any data in a computer’s memory or storage device. The tape drive, floppy
disk and CD ROM are commonly used storage device.
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