Basic Mathematics_Code:22103_CO1_UO1.3.

Mrs. Anantmati S. Patil, Lecturer in Mathematics, C.W.I.T., Pune

Date: 12 July 2020

MSBTE LEAD
 Unit: Algebra

Mrs. [Link]
Written by
C.W.I.T. , Pune
Name of Topic:Matrices

12 July 2020
UO1.3_ Solve the given system of linear equations using matrix
inversion method
Concept Map

Addition of Subtraction of
matrices matrices

Algebra of
Matrices

Scalar Multiplication of
multiplication matrices

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What we will learn today

1. Multiplication of matrices Key takeaways

2. Transpose of a matrix Multiplication of matrices
Transpose of a matrix

Anantmati Patil
Lecturer in Mathematics,

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 Matrix multiplication
Condition for multiplication of two matrices
The product of two matrices A and B is possible only if the number of columns in A is equal
to the number of rows in B.
Let A = [aij] be a ‘m  n’ matrix and B = [bij] be a ‘n  p’ matrix.
then Order of A× B is m×p

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 Matrix multiplication

Method of Multiplication of two matrices:

𝑅 𝑎 𝑏 𝑝 𝑞 𝑟
Let A = 1 ,𝐵 = 𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
𝑅2 𝑐 𝑑

𝐶1 𝐶2 𝐶3

𝑅1 𝐶1 𝑅1 𝐶2 𝑅1 𝐶3 ap + bx aq + by ar + bz
then 𝐴𝐵 = =
𝑅2 𝐶1 𝑅2 𝐶2 𝑅2 𝐶3 cp + dx cq + dy cr + dz

Note: 𝑅1 𝐶1 means multiplying the elements of first row of A with corresponding elements of first
column of B.

Note: In matrices, matrix multiplication is not commutative.

i.e. A × B ≠ B × A in general

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Word Problem/ Problem

2 −3
3 4 −1
1. If 𝐴 = 4 0 , 𝐵= find i). A × B
2 0 −3
−1 −2
ii). B × A
2 −3
3 4 −1
Solution: A × B = 4 0 ×
2 0 −3
−1 −2
6−6 8 − 0 −2 + 9
= 12 + 0 16 + 0 −4 + 0
−3 − 4 −4 + 0 1 + 6
0 8 7
= 12 16 −4
−7 −4 7

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Word Problem/ Problem

2 −3
3 4 −1
B×A = × 4 0
2 0 −3
−1 −2

6 + 16 + 1 −9 + 0 + 2
=
4+0+3 −6 + 0 + 6

23 −7
=
7 0

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Problem/ Question Explanation and step by step Solution

2 −1 0
2. If 𝐴 = 1 3 −4 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝐴2 − 3I.
5 −3 4
2 −1 0 2 −1 0
Solution: 𝐴2 = 1 3 −4 × 1 3 −4
5 −3 4 5 −3 4
4−1+0 −2 − 3 + 0 0+4+0 𝟑 −𝟓 𝟒
= 2 + 3 − 20 −1 + 9 + 12 0 − 12 − 16 = −𝟏𝟓 𝟐𝟎 −𝟐𝟖
10 − 3 + 20 −5 − 9 − 12 0 + 12 + 16 𝟐𝟕 −𝟐𝟔 𝟐𝟖
1 0 0 3 0 0
3𝐼 = 3 0 1 0 = 0 3 0
0 0 1 0 0 3
3 −5 4 3 0 0 0 −5 4
2
► ∴ 𝐴 −3I = −15 20 −28 − 0 3 0 = −15 17 −28
27 −26 28 0 0 3 27 −26 25

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Problem/ Question Explanation and step by step Solution

2 x
1 2 0 1 3 −1
3. Find x & y if 4 −2 0 = y
2 −1 3 2 −3 4
−1
2 x
1 2 0 1 3 −1
Solution:𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 4 −2 0 = y
2 −1 3 2 −3 4
−1
2 x
2 2 2
0 = y
4 2 4
−1
4+0−2 x
∴ = y
8+0−4
2 x
∴ = y
4
x = 2 and y = 4

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Course Content
Transpose of a matrix:
Definition: The transpose of a matrix A is a matrix obtained by interchanging the rows and columns of
matrix A. It is denoted by A′ or At or AT
a p
a b c
For e.g.: If A = then A′ = b q
p q r
c r
Properties:
► A′ ′ = A
► (A + B)′ = A′ + B ′
► (A × B)′ = B ′ × A′
► If A × A′ = A′ × A = I then A is called orthogonal matrix.

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Course Content

Symmetric Matrix :
Definition: In a matrix A, if 𝑎𝑖𝑗 = 𝑎𝑗𝑖 for all 𝑖 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑗 then matrix is known as
symmetric matrix i.e. if 𝐴 = 𝐴′ then matrix is known as symmetric matrix.
1 2 −4
For e.g. 𝐴 = 2 5 3
−4 3 9

Skew Symmetric Matrix:

Definition: In a matrix A, if a ij = −a ji for all 𝑖 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑗 then matrix is known as
skew symmetric matrix i.e. if 𝐴 = −𝐴′ then matrix is skew symmetric matrix.
0 2 −3
For e.g. 𝐴 = −2 0 5
3 −5 0

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Word Problem/ Problem

2  3 3  1 2
1. If A = 1  and B =   then verify that (AB) = BA
 5  1 0 1

Solution :

2  3 3  1 2
A = 1  and B = 1 
 5   0 1
 3 1
 2 1
A =   and B =  1 0
 3 5
 2 1
2  3 3  1 2
AB = 1   
 5  1 0 1
6  3  2 + 0 4  3
=  
3 + 5  1 + 0 2 + 5
3  2 1
AB = 8 
  1 7
 3 8 
(AB) =  2  1
 … (i)
 1 7 
63
2 1 
 3 1 3+5 

 
B A =  1 0   =  2 + 0  1 + 0
 3 5 
 2 1  43 2+5 
 3 8 
B A=  2  1
 … (ii)
 1 7 
From (i) and (ii) (AB) = B  A
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Quiz

State the order of the product matrix State the order of the product matrix State the order of transpose of matrix
A×B if matrix A is of order 2×3 and B× 𝐴 if matrix A is of order 2× 2 and 2
matrix B is of order 3×3. matrix B is of order 3×3. 1
3

Recall/ Remembering Understanding Application

a) 3× 3 a) 2×2 a) 2 × 1

b) 2×2 b) 3 × 2 b) 1 × 2

c) 2×3 c) 3 × 3 c) 1 × 3

d) 3×2 d) Product does not exist d) 3 ×1

Ans: <c> Ans: <d > Ans: <c >

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