Bài tập giải tích về liên tục hàm số

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VN PH QUC, SV. HSP TON KHO K07, H QUNG NAM WWW.MATHVN.COM
1
BI TP V HM S VI BA VN
LIN TC, KH VI, KH TCH
Bi 1. Tm tt c cc hm s ( ) u x tha mn ( ) ( )
1
2
0
u x x u t dt = +
.
Gii
V ( )
1
2
0
u t dt
l mt hng s nn ( ) u x x C = + (C l hng s).

Do ( )
1 1
2
2 2
0
0
1 1
2 8 2 4
t C
t C dt C Ct C C C
| |
+ = + = + = =
|
\
.
Vy ( )
1
4
u x x = + l hm s cn tm.
Bi 2. Cho hm s : f tha mn iu kin: ( ) ( ) 19 19 f x f x + + v
( ) ( ) 94 94 f x f x + + vi mi x. Chng minh rng: ( ) ( ) 1 1 f x f x + = + vi
mi x.
Gii
Ly mt s thc x bt k. p dng iu kin ban cho vi 19 x v
94 x ta thu c:
( ) ( ) 19 19 f x f x v ( ) ( ) 94 94 f x f x .
By gi ta d dng chng minh bng quy np vi mi n
( ) ( ) 19 19 f x n f x n + + , ( ) ( ) 94 94 f x n f x n + +
( ) ( ) 19 19 f x n f x n , ( ) ( ) 94 94 f x n f x n .
Ta c:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1 5.19 94 5.19 94 5.19 94 1 f x f x f x f x f x + = + + + = +
( ) ( ) ( ) 1 18.94 89.19 18.94 89.19 f x f x f x + = + +
( ) ( ) 18.94 89.19 1 f x f x + = + .
Vy ( ) ( ) 1 +1 f x f x + = .
Bi 3. Cho : f l hm kh vi cp hai vi o hm cp 2 dng.
Chng minh rng: ( ) ( ) ( ) f x f x f x + vi mi s thc x.
Gii
+ Nu ( ) 0 f x = th
( ) ( ) ( ) f x f x f x + = vi mi x : hin nhin.
+ Nu ( ) 0 f x < th p dng nh l Lagrange trn on ( ); x f x x + (

ta
c: ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
f x f x f x f c f x + = , ( ) ( )
; c x f x x + .
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2
( ) 0 f x f > l hm tng ( ) ( ) 0 f c f x < < . V vy
( ) ( ) ( )
0 f x f x f x + < .
+ Nu ( ) 0 f x > th chng minh tng t nh trng hp ( ) 0 f x < ta cng
thu c ( ) ( ) ( )
0 f x f x f x + < .
Bi 4 Cho 2 x , chng minh ( ) 1 cos cos 1
1
x x
x x

+ >
+
.
Gii
Xt hm s: [ ) : 2; f , ( ) cos f t t
t
= .
p dng nh l Lagrange trn on [ ] ; 1 x x + i vi hm ( ) f t
tn ti [ ] ( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
1
; 1 : 1
1
f x f x
u x x f u f x f x
x x
+
+ = = +
+

Cn chng minh ( ) [ ) cos sin 1 u 2; f u
u u u

= + > + .
( ) [ )
2
3
cos 0 u 2; f u f
u u

= < + nghch bin trn [ ) 2; +
( ) ( ) lim 1
u
f u f u
> = .
Vy
( ) 1 cos cos 1
1
x x
x x

+ >
+

[ ) 2; x + .
Bi 5 Tn ti hay khng hm kh vi lin tc f tha mn iu kin
( ) ( ) ( ) 2 , f f sin x f x x x x < ?
Gii
Khng tn ti.
Ta c:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
0 0 0
0 2 2 sin 2 1 cos
x x x
f x f f t dt f t f t dt tdt x
= = = (

Suy ra: ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
0 2 1 cos 4 f f + .
Bi 6
Gi s hm ( ) { } ( ) : ; \ 0 0; f a a + tho mn ( )
( )
0
1
lim 2
x
f x
f x
| |
+ =
|
\
.
Chng minh rng ( )
0
lim 1
x
f x
= .
Gii
3
Vi ( ) 0 f x > , p dung bt ng thc Cauchy ta c:
( )
( )
1
2 f x
f x
+ .
( )
( )
0
1
lim 2 0, 0
x
f x
f x

| |
+ = > >
|
\
sao cho
( )
( )
1
0 2 f x
f x
+ <
vi 0 x < < .
Ta c: ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
1 1
0 2 0 1 1 f x f x
f x f x

| |
+ < + <
|
\
(1)
( ) ( )
( )
1
0 1 1 f x
f x

| |
<
|
\
(2).
Bnh phng hai v ca (1), ta c:
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
2
2
2
1 1
1 1 2 1 1 f x f x
f x f x

| | | |
+ + <
| |
\ \

( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
2
2
2
1 1
1 1 2 1 1 f x f x
f x f x

| | | |
+ <
| |
\ \
(3)
Thay (2) vo (3) ta suy ra: ( ) ( )
( )
2
2
2
1
1 1 2 f x
f x

| |
+ < +
|
\
.
( ) ( ) ( )
2
2
0
1 2 lim 1
x
f x f x
< + = .
Bi 7
Tnh
( )
[ ] ( )
lim
x
P x
P x
(

, y ( ) P x l a thc vi h s dng.
Gii
V P l a thc vi h s dng , vi x > 1 ta c:
( )
( )
( )
[ ] ( )
( )
( )
1
1
P x
P x P x
P x P x P x
(

. V
( )
( )
( )
( )
1
lim lim 1
1
x x
P x P x
P x P x

= =
nn
( )
[ ] ( )
lim 1
x
P x
P x
(

= .
Bi 8
Hy ch ra mt v d chng t rng: ( ) ( ) ( )
0
lim 2 0
x
f x f x
+ = (*) khng suy

ra c f c gii hn ti 0. Tp ( ) { } ; \ a a a + , y 0 > c gi l
ln cn khuyt ca im a. Chng minh rng nu tn ti hm sao cho
4
bt ng thc ( ) ( ) f x x c tho mn trong ln cn khuyt ca 0 v
( )
0
lim 0
x
x
= th t (*) suy ra c: ( )
0
lim 0
x
f x
= .
Gii
V d
Xt : f xc nh bi ( )
( ) 1
0
n
f x

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 2 2 2 x f x f x f x f x f x f x x = + +
V ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
0
lim lim 2 0
x x
x f x f x x

= + = nn ( )
0
lim 0
x
f x
= .
Bi 9
a) Cho v d v hm f tho mn iu kin ( ) ( ) ( )
0
lim 2 0
x
f x f x
= nhng
( )
0
lim
x
f x
khng tn ti.
b) Chng minh rng nu trong mt ln cn khuyt ca 0, cc bt ng thc
( )
1
, 1
2
f x x
< < v ( ) ( ) 2 f x f x x c tho mn th ( )

0
lim 0
x
f x
= .
Gii
a) Xt : f xc nh bi ( )
( ) 1
0
n
f x

b) ( )
( ) 2
2
x x
x f x
f x
x
. Do
1
1
2
< < nn ( )
0
lim 0
x
f x
= .
Bi 10
Cho trc s thc , gi s
( )
( ) lim
x
f ax
g a
x
= vi mi s dng a. Chng
minh rng tn ti c sao cho ( ) g a ca
= .
Gii
Ta c:
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) lim lim 1 1
x t
g a f ax f t
g g a g a
a a x t

= = = = . Chn
( ) 1 c g = ta c ( ) g a ca
= .
Bi 11
Gi s
[ ] ( )
0;2 f C v ( ) ( ) 0 2 f f = . Chng minh rng tn ti
1 2
, x x trong
[ ] 0;2 sao cho
2 1
1 x x = v ( ) ( )
2 1
f x f x = .
nu
1
, n = 0,1,2,3,...
2
n
x =
nu ngc li
nu ngc li
nu
1
, n = 0,1,2,3,...
2
n
x =
5
Xt hm s ( ) ( ) ( ) 1 g x f x f x = + , [ ] 0; 2 x
V
[ ] ( )
0;2 f C nn
[ ] ( )
0; 2 g C .
Ta c: ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 0 1 0 1 2 2 1 1 g f f f f f f g = = = =
Suy ra:
( ) ( ) ( )
2
0 1 1 0. g g g = (

V th tn ti [ ] ( ) ( ) ( )
0 0 0 0
0;1 : 0 1 x g x f x f x = + = .
Vy c th ly
2 0 1 0
1 , x x x x = + = .
Bi 12
Cho
[ ] ( )
0; 2 f C . Chng minh rng tn ti
1 2
, x x trong [ ] 0;2 sao cho
2 1
1 x x = v ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 1
1
2 0
2
f x f x f f = .
Gii
Xt hm s: ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1
1 2 0
2
g x f x f x f f = + , [ ] 0;2 x
V [ ] ( )
0;2 f C nn [ ] ( )
0; 2 g C .

Ta c: ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 1
0 1 0 2 0 1 0 2
2 2
g f f f f f f f = = +
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 1
1 2 1 2 0 1 0 2
2 2
g f f f f f f f
(
= = +
(

Suy ra: ( ) ( ) 0 1 g g = ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
1
1 0 2 0
2
f f f
(
+
(

.
V th tn ti [ ] ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
0 0 0 0
1
0;1 : 0 1 2 0
2
x g x f x f x f f = + = .
Vy c th ly
2 0 1 0
1 , x x x x = + = .
Bi 13
Vi n, gi
[ ] ( )
0; f C n sao cho ( ) ( ) 0 f f n = . Chng minh rng tn
ti
1 2
; x x trong khong [ ] 0;n tho mn
2 1
1 x x = v ( ) ( )
2 1
f x f x = .
Gii
Xt ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ] 1 , x 0; 1 g x f x f x n = +
( ) ( ) ( ) 0 1 ... 1 g g g n + + +
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1 0 2 1 ... 1 0 0 f f f f f n f n f n f = + + + = =
+ Nu ( ) 0 g k = , { } 0,1, 2,..., 1 k n th ta c ngay iu phi chng minh.
6
+ Nu { } 0,1, 2,..., 1 k n : ( ) 0 g k . Khng mt tnh tng qut gi s
( ) 0 g k > th lc lun tm c { } , h 0,1, 2,..., 1 h k n sao cho
( ) 0 g h < . Khi tn ti [ ]
0
0; 1 x n sao cho
( ) ( ) ( )
0 0 0
0 1 g x f x f x = + = .
Vy c th ly
2 0 1 0
1 , x x x x = + = .
Bi 14
Chng minh rng nu
1 2
sin sin 2 ... sin sin
n
a x a x a nx x + + + vi x th
1 2
2 ... 1
n
a a na + + + .
Gii
t ( )
1 2
sin sin2 ... sin
n
f x a x a x a nx = + + + ta c:
( )
( ) ( )
1 2
0
0
2 ... 0 lim
n
x
f x f
a a na f
x
+ + + = =
( ) ( ) ( )
0 0 0
sin
lim lim . lim 1
sin sin
x x x
f x f x f x x
x x x x

= = == .
Bi 15
Gi s ( ) 0 0 f = v f kh vi ti im 0. Hy tnh
( )
0
1
lim ...
2 3
x
x x x
f x f f f
x k
(
| | | | | |
+ + + +
| | |
(
\ \ \

vi k l mt s nguyn dng
cho trc.
Gii
Ta c:
( )
0
1
lim ...
2 3
x
x x x
f x f f f
x k
(
| | | | | |
+ + + +
| | |
(
\ \ \

( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
0
0 0 0
0 1 1 1
2 3
lim . . ... .
0 2 3
0 0 0
2 3
x
x x x
f f f f f f
f x f
k
x x x
x k
k
( | | | | | |

| | |
(
\ \ \
= + + + + (
(

(

= ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
0 0 0 1 1 1
0 ... 1 ... 0
2 3 2 3
f f f
f f
k k

| |
+ + + + = + + + +
|
\
.

7
Bi 16
Cho f l hm kh vi ti a v xt hai dy ( )
n
x v ( )
n
y cng hi t v a sao cho
n n
x a y < < vi mi n. Chng minh rng:
( ) ( )
( ) lim
n n
n
n n
f x f y
f a
x y
.
Gii
Ta c:
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
0
n n n n n n
n n n n
f x f y f x f y x f a y f a
f a
x y x y
+
=

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( )( )
( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( )( )
( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( )( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) 0
n n n n
n n
n n n n
n n n n
n n n n
n n n n
n n n n
n n
n n
n n
f x f y f a f a af a af a x f a y f a
x y
f x f a f a x a f y f a f a y a
x y x y
x y x y
x a y a
f x f a f y f a
f a f a n
x a y a
+ + +
=

=

+

+

= +

Vy
( ) ( )
( ) lim
n n
n
n n
f x f y
f a
x y
.
Bi 17
Cho f kh vi trn ( ) 0; + v 0 a > . Chng minh rng:
a) Nu ( ) ( ) ( )
lim
x
af x f x M
+
+ = th ( ) lim
x
M
f x
a
+
= .
b) Nu ( ) ( )
( )
lim 2
x
af x x f x M
+
+ = th ( ) lim
x
M
f x
a
+
= .
Gii
p dng quy tc Lpitan, ta c:
a) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
lim lim lim lim
ax ax ax
ax ax
x x x x
ax
e f x e af x f x e f x
f x
e ae
e
+ + + +
+
= = =

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 1
lim lim .
x x
M
af x f x af x f x
a a a
+ +
= + = + =
8
b) Ta c:

( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
lim lim lim
a x
a x
a x
x x x
a x
e f x
e f x
f x
e
e
+ + +
= =
( ) ( )
2
lim
2
a x
x
a x
a
e f x f x
x
a
e
x
+
| |
+
|
\
=
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
1 1
lim 2 lim 2 .
x x
M
af x x f x af x x f x
a a a
+ +
= + = + =
Cu 18
Cho f kh vi cp 3 trn ( ) 0; + . Liu t s tn ti ca gii hn
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
lim
x
f x f x f x f x
+
+ + + c suy ra s tn ti ca ( ) lim
x
f x
+

khng?
Gii
Khng. Ly v d: ( ) ( ) cos , x 0; f x x = + .
Ta c:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) lim lim cos sin cos sin 0
x x
f x f x f x f x x x x x
+ +
+ + + = + =
Nhng khng tn ti ( ) lim limcos
x x
f x x
+ +
= .
Cu 19
a) Gi s f xc nh v lin tc trn
[ ) 0; + , c o hm lin tc trn
( ) 0; + v tho mn ( ) 0 1 f = , ( ) x 0
x
f x e
. Chng minh rng tn ti

( )
0
0; x + sao cho ( )
0
0
x
f x e
= .
b) Gi s f kh vi lin tc trn ( ) 1; + v tho mn ( ) 1 1 f = ,
( )
1
x 1 f x
x
. Chng minh rng tn ti ( )
0
1; x + sao cho
( )
0
2
0
1
f x
x
= .
Gii
a) t ( ) ( )
x
g x f x e
=
f lin tc trn
[ ) 0; + g lin tc trn
[ ) 0; + g lin tc trn ti 0
( ) ( ) ( )
0
lim 0 0 1 0
x
g x g f
+
= = = .
( ) ( ) 0 lim 0
x
x
f x e f x
+
=
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) lim lim lim lim 0
x x
x x x x
g x f x e f x e

+ + + +
= = = .
9
Do : ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
0 0
0
lim lim 0; : 0
x x
g x g x x g x
+
+
= + = hay ( )
0
0
x
f x e
= .
b) t ( ) ( )
1
g x f x
x
=
f kh vi lin tc trn ( ) ( ) ( )
1
1; lim 1 0
x
f x f
+
+ = =
( ) ( )
1 1
1
lim lim 0
x x
g x f x
x
+ +

| |
= =
|
\
.
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 1
0 lim 0 lim lim 0
x x x
f x f x g x f x
x x
+ + +
| |
= = =
|
\

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
0 0
1
lim lim 1; : 0
x x
g x g x x g x
+
+
= + = hay
( )
0
2
0
1
f x
x
= .
Cu 20 Cho [ ] ( ) ( ) ( )
0 0
0;1 : sin cos 1 M f C f x xdx f x xdx

= = =
`
)

.
Tm ( )
2
0
min
f M
f x dx

.
Gii
Cho
( ) ( )
0
2
sin cos f x x x
= + .
+ R rng
0
f M .
+ i vi hm bt k f M , ( ) ( )
2
0
0
0 f x f x dx
(

.
Suy ra: ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
0 0 0
0 0 0 0
8 4 4
2 f x dx f x f x dx f x dx f x dx

= = =

.
Vy cc tiu t c khi
0
f f = .
Cu 21
Tm hm s ( ) f x c o hm lin tc trn sao cho
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
0
2011
x
f x f t f t dt = + +
(1).
Gii
V hm s ( ) f x c o hm lin tc trn nn ( )
2
f x c o hm lin tc
trn .
Ly o hm 2 v ca (1), ta c:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 2
2 0 f x f x f x f x f x f x f x f x = + = =
( )
x
f x Ce = (2).
10
T (1) suy ra: ( ) ( )
2
0 2011 0 2011 f f = = .
Cho 0 x = , t ( ) ( ) 2 0 2011 f C = = .
Vy ( ) 2011
x
f x e = .
Cu 22
Tm tt c cc hm s lin tc : f tho mn
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 2 2011 1 2 2011
... ... f x f x f x f y f y f y + + + = + + +
vi mi b s tho mn:
1 2 2011 1 2 2011
... ... 0 x x x y y y + + + = + + + = .
Gii
t ( ) ( ) ( ) 0 , g . f b x f x b = = Do : ( ) ( ) 0 0 0 g f b = =
v ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 2 2011 1 2 2011
... ... g x g x g x g y g y g y + + + = + + +
vi mi b s tho mn :
1 2 2011 1 2 2011
... ... 0 x x x y y y + + + = + + + = .
Trc ht cho
1 2 2011 1 2 2009 2010 2011
... 0 , x ... 0 , x , x y y y x x x x = = = = = = = = = =
ta c: ( ) ( ) x g x g x = .
Tip theo cho
1 2 2011 1 2 2008 2009 2010 2011
... 0 , x ... 0 , x , x , y y y x x x y x x y = = = = = = = = = = =
ta c:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 0 x,y x, y g x g y g x y g x y g x g y + + = + = +

y l phng trnh hm Cauchy, do : ( ) g x ax = , ( ) 1 a g = .
Vy ( ) , a, b = const f x ax b = + .
Cu 23
Cho f lin tc trn on [ ] ; a b , kh vi trong khong ( ) ; a b v
( ) ( ) 0 f a f b = = . Chng minh rng tn ti ( ) ; c a b sao cho:
( ) ( )
2011
f c f c = .
Gii
Xt hm s: ( )
( )
( )
2010
x
a
f t dt
g x e f x
=
V f lin tc trn on [ ] ; a b , kh vi trong khong ( ) ; a b nn g lin tc trn
on
[ ] ; a b , kh vi trong khong ( ) ; a b . Hn na ( ) ( ) 0 g a g b = = suy ra tn
ti ( ) ( ) ; : 0 c a b g c = .
M
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
2010
2011
x
a
f t dt
g x e f x f x
= . Suy ra: ( ) ( )
2011
f c f c = .
11
Cu 24
Cho f lin tc trn [ ] 0; 2012 . Chng minh rng tn ti cc s
[ ]
1 2 1 2
, 0; 2012 , x 1006 x x x = tho mn: ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 1
2012 0
2
f f
f x f x

=
Gii
Xt hm s: ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1006 2012 0
1006 2012
x f x f f
F x
+
= , [ ] 0;1006 x .
F lin tc trn [ ] 0;1006 . Ta c:
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
2 1006 2012 0
0
2012
2 1006 2012 0
1006
2012
f f f
F
f f f
F

=

=

( ) ( ) [ ] ( )
0 0
0 1006 0 0;1006 : 0 F F x F x = .
[ ] ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
0 0 0
2012 0
0;1006 : 1006
2
f f
x f x f x

+ = .
t
2 0 1 0
1006 , x x x x = + = ta c iu phi chng minh.
Cu 25
Cho s thc a [ ] 0;1 . Xc nh tt c cc hm lin tc khng m trn [ ] 0;1
sao cho cc iu kin sau y c tha mn:
a) ( )
1
0
1 f x dx =
b) ( )
1
0
xf x dx a =
c) ( )
1
2 2
0
x f x dx a =
.
Gii
p dng bt ng thc Bunhiacovski ta c:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
1 1 1 1
2
0 0 0 0
. . xf x dx x f x f x dx x f x dx f x dx
| | | |
=
| |
\ \

.
M theo gi thit: ( ) ( ) ( )
2
1 1 1
2
0 0 0
. xf x dx x f x dx f x dx
| |
=
|
\

.
Do f lin tc trn
[ ] 0;1 nn
( ) ( ) [ ] 0, x 0;1 x f x f x =
Suy ra: ( ) [ ] 0 x 0;1 f x = . iu ny mu thun vi gi thit: ( )
1
0
1 f x dx =
.
Vy khng tn ti hm f tho mn bi ton.
Bi 26
C tn ti hay khng hm s kh vi : f tho mn
( ) ( ) ( )
2
0 1 , f x ? f x f x =
12
Gii
Gi s hm f tho mn yu cu bi ton. V ( ) ( )
2
0 x f x f x nn
f ng bin trn [ ) ( ) ( ) [ ) 0; 0 1 0 x 0; f x f + = > + .
T gi thit bi ton ta c:
( )
( )
( ) [ )
2
0 0
1
, x 0;1
1
x x
f t
dt dt f x
f t x

.
Do khng tn ti ( )
1
lim
x
f x
. iu ny mu thun vi gi thit f lin tc.

Vy khng tn ti hm f tho mn bi ton.
Cu 27
C hay khng mt hm s : f tha mn: ( ) sin sin 2 f x y x y + + + <
vi x, y .
Gii
Gii s tn ti hm f tho mn yu cu bi ton.
+ Cho , y =
2 2
x

= , ta c: ( ) 2 2 f + < .
+ Cho
3
, y =
2 2
x

= , ta c: ( ) 2 2 f < .
Ta li c:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 4 2 2 2 2 4 f f f f = + + + + + < . iu
ny v l. Vy khng c hm s f no tho yu cu bi ton.
Cu 28
Tm tt c cc hm f(x) xc nh v lin tc trn sao cho
( ) ( ) 0 x f x f x = .
Gii
t ( ) ( ) ( )
2
g x f x =
( ) ( ) ( ) 2 0 x g x f x f x = =
( ) ( ) ( ) g x C const f x const f x ax b = = = = + x .
Cu 29
Cho : f sao cho ( ) ( ) a b f a f b a b < . Chng minh rng
nu
( ) ( ) ( )
0 0 f f f = th ( ) 0 0 f = .
Gii
Ta vit li iu kin i vi hm f(x) nh sau: ( ) ( ) f a f b a b (*)
Du = xy ra khi a = b.
t ( ) ( ) 0 , y = f x f x = . Khi ( ) 0. f y =
p dng bt ng thc ( ) * lin tip ta c:
13
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 0 0 0 0 x x f x f y x f y f x y f f y x = = = =
Suy ra: 0 x y = = . Vy ( ) 0 0 f = .
Cu 30
Hm ( )
2
3
1
2
x
x
f x e x = c kh vi ti im 0 x = hay khng?
Gii
Theo cng thc Taylor, ta c:
( ) ( )
2 3 2 3
3 3
1 1
2 6 2 6
x x
x x x x
e x o x e x o x = + + + + = +
( ) ( ) ( )
3
3
3
3
1
6 6
x
f x o x x o x = + = + .
Vy f(x) kh vi ti 0 x = v
( )
3
1
0
6
f = .
Cu 31
Chng minh rng nu hm f(x) kh vi v hn ln trn th hm
( ) ( ) 0 f x f
x
c nh ngha thm lin tc ti x = 0 cng kh vi v hn

ln.
Gii
Vi 0 x ta c:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
1 1
0 0 0
0
0
x
f x f
f x f f t dt f ux xdu f ux du
x
= = =

V
( )
1
0
f ux du
kh vi v hn ln vi mi x.
Vy
( ) ( ) 0 f x f
x
c nh ngha thm lin tc ti x = 0 kh vi v hn

ln.
Cu 32
Cho ( ) f x kh vi 2 ln tho ( ) ( ) 0 1 0 f f = = ,
[ ]
( )
0;1
in 1
x
m f x
= .
Chng minh rng:
[ ]
( )
0;1
max 8
x
f x
.
Gii
f lin tc trn
[ ] [ ] ( )
[ ]
( )
0;1
0;1 0;1 : in 1
x
a f a m f x
= = .Suy ra c
( ) 0 f a = , ( ) 0;1 a .
14
Khai trin Taylor ti a: ( )
( ) ( )
( )
2
1
2
f a x a
f x x a
+
= + , 0 1 < < .
+ Vi 0 x = , ta c:
( )
2 1
0 1
2
f c
a
= + ,
1
0 c a < < .
+ Vi 1 x = , ta c:
( )
( )
2
2
0 1 1
2
f c
a
= + ,
2
1 a c < < .
Do : ( )
1 2
2
8 f c
a
= nu
1

2
a ; ( )
( )
2 2
2
8
1
f c
a
=
nu
1
2
a .
Vy
[ ]
( )
0;1
max 8
x
f x
.
Cu 33
Gi s ( )
2011
1
sin , x 0
0 , x = 0
x
f x
x

v hm ( ) g x kh vi ti x = 0. Chng minh rng ( ) ( )
g f x c o hm bng
0 ti 0 x = .
Gii
Ta c: ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
2011
0 0
0
1
sin 0
0
lim lim
h h
x
g h g
g f h g f
d
h
g f x
dx h h

=
| |
\
= =
( ) ( )
2011 2011
2011 2011
0 0 0
2011 2011
1 1
sin 0 sin 0
1 1
lim . sin lim . lim sin
1 1
sin 0 sin 0
h h h
g h g g h g
h h
h h
h h
h h
h h

| | | | | |

| |
|
| |
\ \
| = =
|
\ |

|
\

V ( )
2011 2011
1
0 sin 0 0 h h h
h
nn
2011
0
1
lim sin 0
h
h
h
= .
Do : ( ) ( ) ( )
0
0 .0 0
x
d
g f x g
dx
=
= = (

Cu 34
Hm f xc nh, kh vi trn ( ) 0; , + . Chng minh rng hm
( ) ( ) f x f x + khng gim khi v ch khi ( )
x
f x e
khng gim.
Gii
t ( ) ( ) ( ) h x f x f x = + ; ( ) ( )
x
g x f x e
= .
15
Suy ra:
( ) ( ) ( )
x x
e h x e f x

= ; ( ) ( )
x
e g x f x

= .
Khi :
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
0
0
x
x x t
g x e f x h x e f x h x e f t dt f

= = =

( ) ( ) ( )
0
0
x
t
h x e h t dt f
.
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
0
0
x
x
h x f x f x e g x f t dt f
= + = + +

=
( ) ( ) ( )
0
0
x
x t
e g x e g t dt f

+ +
.
( ) Gi s ( ) h x khng gim
Khi vi b > a ta c:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
b
b a t
a
g b g a e h b e h a e h t dt

=

(1)
Theo nh l trung bnh ca tch phn tn ti
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )( )
1
; :
b b
t t b a
a a
c a b e h t dt h c e dt h c e e

= =

(2)
Thay (2) vo (1) ta c:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
b a b a
g b g a e h b e h a e h c e h c

= +
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
0
b a
e h b h c e h c h a

= + vi b c a > > .
Do g(x) khng gim.
( ) Gi s g(x) khng gim
Khi vi b > a ta c:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
b
b a t
a
h b h a e g b e g a e g t dt

= +

(3)
Theo nh l trung bnh ca tch phn tn ti
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )( )
1
; :
b b
t t b a
a a
c a b e g t dt g c e dt g c e e

= =

(4)
Thay (4) vo (3) ta c:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
b a b a
h b h a e g b e g a e g c e g c

= +
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
0
b a
e g b g c e g c g a

= + vi b c a > > .
Do h(x) khng gim.
Vy bi ton chng minh xong.

16
Cu 35
Gi s ( ) f C . Liu c tn ti cc hm s g(x) v h(x) sao cho x
th ( ) ( ) ( ) sin cos f x g x x h x x = + hay khng?
Gii
C. Chng hn xt cc hm s sau:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) sin , h cos g x f x x x f x x = =
Ta c: ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
sin cos sin cos g x x h x x f x x f x x f x + = + = .
Cu 36
Gi s : f c o hm cp 2 tho mn: ( ) ( ) 0 1, f 0 0 f = = v
( ) ( ) ( ) [ ) 5 6 0 0; f x f x f x x + + . Chng minh rng:
( )
2 3
3 2
x x
f x e e , [ ) 0; x + .
Gii
Ta c:
( ) ( ) ( ) [ ) 5 6 0 0; f x f x f x x + +
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ) 2 3 2 0 0; f x f x f x f x x +
t ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ) 2 , x 0; g x f x f x = + .
Khi ( ) ( ) [ ) ( ) ( ) [ )
3
3 0 , x 0; 0 ,x 0;
x
g x g x e g x

+ +
( )
3x
e g x
tng trn [ ) 0; +
( ) ( ) [ ) ( ) ( ) [ )
2 2
2 , x 0; 2 0 x 0;
x x x x
e f x e e f x e

+ + +
( )
2
2
x x
e f x e
+ tng trn [ ) 0; +
( ) ( ) [ )
2 0 0
2 0 2 3 , 0;
x x
e f x e e f e
+ + = +
( )
2 3
3 2
x x
f x e e ,
[ ) 0; x + .
Cu 37
Cho ( ) : 0; f + c o hm cp 2 lin tc tho mn:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 1 2011 f x xf x x f x + + + vi mi x. Chng minh rng:
( ) lim 0
x
f x
= .
Gii
p dng quy tc Lpitan, ta c:
( )
( )
2
2
2
2
lim lim
x
x
x x
e f x
f x
e

= =
17
=
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2
2
2 2
2 2
2
2
2 2
lim lim lim
x x
x
x
x x x
x x
e f x e f x xf x
e f x xf x
xe
e xe

| | | |
+
| |
+
\ \
= =

| | | |
| |
\ \

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
2
2
2 2
2
2
2
2 1
2 1
lim lim 0.
1
1
x
x
x x
e f x xf x x f x
f x xf x x f x
x
e x

+ + + + + +
= = =
+
+

Cu 38
Gi s hm s f lin tc trn [ ) ( ) 0; , 0 0 f x x + v
( )
lim 1
x
f x
a
x
+
= < .
Chng minh rng tn ti 0 c sao cho ( ) f c c = .
Gii
+ Nu ( ) 0 0 f = th kt lun trn hon ton ng.
+ Nu ( ) 0 0 f >
t ( ) ( ) g x f x x =
V f lin tc trn [ ) 0; + g cng lin tc trn [ ) 0; + .
Ta c: ( ) ( ) ( ) 0 0 0 0 0 x 0 g f f = = > .
( ) ( )
( ) lim 1 0: 1 0:
x
f x f b
a b b f b b
x b
+
= < > < > < .
Khi : ( ) ( ) 0 g b f b b = < .
( ) ( ) [ ] [ ) ( ) ( ) 0 0 0; 0; : 0 0: g g b c b g c c f c c + = = .
Cu 39
Gi s f c o hm trn mt khong cha
[ ] 0,1 , ( ) ( ) 0 0 , f 1 0 f > < .
Chng minh rng tn ti ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ]
0 0
0;1 : x 0;1 x f x f x .
Gii
f c o hm trn mt khong cha [ ] 0,1
[ ] ( ) ( )
[ ]
( )
0 0
0,1
0;1 : max
x
x f x f x f x
= .
Ta s chng minh:
0 0
0, x 1 x .
Tht vy!
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ]
0
0 0
lim 0 0 0;1 : 0 x 0;
x
f x f f x f
f h h
x x
+

= > >
18
( ) ( ) ( ] ( ) 0 x 0; 0 f x f h f > khng phi l gi tr ln nht ca ( ) f x
trn [ ]
0
0,1 0 x .
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
[ )
1
1
1 1
lim 1 0 0;1 : 0 x ;1
1 1
x
f x f f x f
f k k
x x

= < <

( ) ( ) [ ) ( ) 1 x ;1 1 f x f k f < khng phi l gi tr ln nht ca ( ) f x
trn [ )
0
;1 1 k x .
Cu 40
Cho mt hm s f xc nh trn tho mn
( ) ( ) 0 0 , f sin x f x x = . Chng minh rng o hm ca f ti 0
khng tn ti.
Gii
Gi s ( ) 0 f tn ti.
0;
2
x

| |

|
\
ta c:
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
0 0
0 0 sin sin
0 lim lim 1
0 0
x x
f x f f x f x x
f
x x x x
+ +
+

= =

.
Tng t ta cng chng minh c
( )
1
0 1 f

<
iu ny chng t ( ) 0 f khng tn ti.
Cu 41
Gi s ( ) f x kh vi trn ( ) ; a b sao cho ( ) lim , lim
x a x b
f x
+

= + = v
( ) ( ) ( )
2
1 x ; f x f x a b + . Chng minh rng b a . Cho v d
b a = .
Gii
Cch 1
Ta c: ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
2
2
1 x ; 1 0 x ;
1
f x
f x f x a b a b
f x
+ +
+

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) arctan 0 x ; arctan f x x a b f x x
+ + tng trn ( ) ; a b
Chuyn qua gii hn ta c:
2 2
a b b a

+ + .
V d: cot , a = 0 , b = y x = .
Cch 2
Ta c: ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
2
2
1 x ; 1 x ;
1
f x
f x f x a b a b
f x
+
+

19
Ly tch phn hai v:
( )
( )
( )
2
1 arctan
1
b b
b
a
a a
f x
dx dx f x a b a b b a
f x

+

.
Cu 42
Cho f l mt hm lin tc trn [ ] 0;1 . Tm . Tm
( )
1
0
lim
n
n
f x dx

.
Gii
Cho 0 1 < < . Khi ta c:
( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 1
0 0 1
n n n
f x dx f x dx f x dx
= +

.
+ Theo nh l gi tr trung bnh ca tch phn tn ti
[ ] ( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( )( )
1 1
0 0
0;1 : 1 lim 0 1
n n n
n
c f x dx f c f x dx f

= =

.
+ t
[ ]
( )
0,1
sup
x
M f x
= , ta c:
( ) ( )
1 1
1 1
n n
f x dx f x dx M

.
Vy
( ) ( )
1
0
lim 0
n
n
f x dx f
.
Cu 43
Cho f l mt hm lin tc trn [ ] ; a b v
( ) 0
b
a
f x dx =
. Chng minh rng tn

ti ( ) ( ) ( ) ; :
c
a
c a b f x dx f c =
.
Xt hm: ( ) ( )
x
x
a
g x e f t dt
=

g lin tc trn
[ ] ; a b , kh vi trn ( ) ; a b
( ) ( ) 0 g a g b = = .
Theo nh l Rolle tn ti ( ) ( ) ; : 0 c a b g c = .
M ( ) ( ) ( )
x
x
a
g x e f x f t dt
| |
=
|
\
, v th
( ) ( ) ( )
c c
a a
f c f t dt f x dx = =

.
Cu 44
Gi s
[ ] ( )
; f C a b , a > 0 v
( ) 0
b
a
f x dx =
. Chng minh tn ti ( ) ; c a b
sao cho
( ) ( )
c
a
f x dx cf c =
.

20
Gii
Xt hm s: ( ) ( )
1
x
a
g x f t dt
x
=

g lin tc trn [ ] ; a b , kh vi trn ( ) ; a b
( ) ( ) 0 g a g b = = .
M ( ) ( ) ( )
2
1
x
a
g x xf x f t dt
x
| |
=
|
\

Do tn ti ( ) ; c a b sao cho ( ) ( )
c
a
f x dx cf c =
.
Cu 45
Gi s f, g
[ ] ( )
; C a b . Chng minh rng tn ti ( ) ; c a b sao cho
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
b b
a a
g c f x dx f c f x dx =

.
Gii
Xt ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) , G
x x
a a
F x f t dt x g t dt = =

Suy ra: ( ) ( ) F x f x = , ( ) ( ) G x g x =
p dng nh l Cauhy ta c:
c( ) ; a b :
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
F b F a F c
G b G a G c

=

c( ) ; a b :
( )
( )
( )
( )
b
a
b
a
f t dt
f c
g c
g t dt
=

c( ) ; a b :
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
b b
a a

.
Cu 46
Gi s f, g
[ ] ( )
; C a b . Chng minh rng tn ti ( ) ; c a b sao cho
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
c b
a c

.
Gii
Xt hm: ( ) ( ) ( )
x b
a x
F x f t dt g t dt =

F lin tc trn [ ] ; a b , kh vi trn ( ) ; a b v ( ) ( ) F a F b = .
V th theo nh l Rolle ta c: ( ) ( ) ; : 0 c a b F c =
21
M ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
b x
x a
F x f x g t dt g x f t dt =

Do : ( ) ; : c a b ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
c b
a c

.
Cu 47
Gi s f v g l hai hm s dng, lin tc trn [ ] ; a b . Chng minh rng tn
ti ( ) ; c a b sao cho
( )
( )
( )
( )
1
c b
a c
f c g c
f x dx g x dx
=

.
Gii
Xt hm: ( ) ( ) ( )
x b
x
a x
F x e f t dt g t dt
=

F lin tc trn [ ] ; a b , kh vi trn ( ) ; a b v ( ) ( ) F a F b = .
Theo nh l Rolle ta c: ( ) ; c a b : ( ) 0 F c = .
M: ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
x b b x
x
a x x a
F x e f t dx g t dx f x g t dt g x f t dt
(
= +
(

Do : ( ) ; c a b : ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 0
c b b c
a c c a
f t dx g t dx f x g t dt g x f t dt + =

( ) ; c a b :
( )
( )
( )
( )
1
c b
a c
f c g c
f x dx g x dx
=

.
Cu 48
Cho
[ ] ( )
1
0;1 f C . Chng minh rng tn ti ( ) 0;1 c sao cho:
( ) ( ) ( )
1
0
1
0
2
f x dx f f c = +
.
Gii
Ta c: ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 1
1
0
0 0 0
1 1 1 f x dx f x d x x f x x f x dx = =

( ) ( ) ( )
1
0
0 1 f x f x dx =
.
Theo nh l gi tr trung bnh ca tch phn:
tn ti ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 1
0 0
1
0;1 : 1 1
2
c x f x dx f c x dx f c = =

.
22
Do : tn ti ( ) 0;1 c sao cho: ( ) ( ) ( )
1
0
1
0
2
f x dx f f c = +

Cu 49
Cho
[ ] ( )
2
0;1 f C . Chng minh rng tn ti ( ) 0;1 c sao cho:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1
0
1 1
0 0
2 6
f x dx f f f c = + +
.
Gii
Ta c:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 1
1
0
0 0 0
1 1 1 f x dx f x d x x f x x f x dx = =

( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
1
2 2
1
0
0
1 1
0
2 2
x x
f f x f x dx

= +

.
p dng nh l gi tr trung bnh ca tch phn:
tn ti ( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
1 1
2
0 0
1 1 1
0;1 : 1
2 2 6
x
c f x dx f c x dx f c
= =

.

Do tn ti ( ) 0;1 c sao cho: ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1
0
1 1
0 0
2 6
f x dx f f f c = + +
.
Cu 50
Gi s
[ ] ( )
1
0;1 f C v ( ) 0 0 f . Vi ( ] 0;1 x , cho ( ) x tho mn
( ) ( ) ( )
0
x
f t dt f x x =
. Tm
( )
0
lim
x
x
x
.
Gii
t ( ) ( )
0
x
F x f t dt =

.
Suy ra: ( ) 0 0 F = , ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) , F F x f x x f x = = .
Ta c: ( ) ( ) 0 0 0 F f = .
Theo khai trin Taylor ta c: ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
1
0 0
2
F x F x F x o x = + +
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 0 0 F x F F x o x = + + ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 0 0 F F F o = + +
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 0 0 f x x F x x F F o = = + + (

Khi : ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
1
0 0
2
F x F x o x + + = ( ) ( ) ( ) 0 0 x F F o + + (

23
( )
0
1
lim
2
x
x
x
= .
Cu 51
Cho f l mt hm lin tc trn v a b < , k hiu
( ) ( ) 2011
b
a
g x f x t dt = +
. Tnh o hm ca g.
Gii
Ta c: ( ) ( ) ( )
2011
2011
2011
b b x
a a x
g x f x t dt f u du
+
+
= + =

( ) ( ) ( ) 2011 2011 2011 g x f b x f a x = + + (

.
Cu 52
Cho f lin tc trn . Tm ( ) ( ) ( )
0
1
lim
b
h
a
f x h f x dx
h
.
Gii
p dng nh l gi tr trung bnh ca tch phn, ta c:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
b b h b
a a h a
f x h f x dx f x dx f x dx
+
+
+ =

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
b b h a h b
a h b a a h
f x dx f x dx f x dx f x dx
+ +
+ +
= +

, [ ] , 0,1 .

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
0
1
lim
b
h
a
f x h f x dx f b f a
h
+ =
.
Cu 53
Cho f l mt hm lin tc trn [ ) 0;+ tho mn ( ) ( )
0
lim
x
x
f x f t dt
| |
+
|
\
c
gii hn hu hn. Chng minh ( ) lim 0
x
f x
= .
Gii
t
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
0
x
F x f t dt F x f x = =
.
Khi gi s ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
0
lim lim
x
x x
f x f t dt F x F x L

| |
+ = + =
|
\

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
a b h
a h b
f x dx f x dx hf a h hf b h
+
+
= + = + + +

24
p dng quy tc Lpitan ta c:
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
lim lim lim lim lim
x x x
x x
x x x x x
x
e F x e F x F x e F x
F x F x F x L
e e
e

+
= = = = + =
Suy ra: ( ) ( ) lim lim 0

x x
f x F x

= = .
Cu 54
Chng minh rng nu f kh tch Riemann trn
[ ]
; a b th
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2
sin cos
b b b
a a a
f x xdx f x xdx b a f x dx
| | | |
+
| |
\ \

.
Gii
p dng bt ng thc Schwarz, ta c:
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2 2 2 2 2
sin cos
sin cos
b b
a a
b b b b b
a a a a a
f x xdx f x xdx
f x dx xdx f x dx xdx b a f x dx
| | | |
+
| |
\ \
+ =

Cu 55
Chng minh rng nu f dng v kh tch Riemann trn
[ ] ; a b th
( ) ( )
( )
2
b b
a a
dx
b a f x dx
f x

.
Hn na nu ( ) 0 m f x M < th ( )
( )
( )
( )
2
2
4
b b
a a
m M dx
f x dx b a
f x mM
+

.
Gii
+ p dng bt ng thc Cauchy Schwarz, ta c:
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
2
2 1
.
b b b
a a a
dx
b a f x dx f x dx
f x
f x
| |
| =
|
\

.
+ V ( ) 0 m f x M < nn
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
0 , a x b
f x m f x M
f x

Ta c:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
0 0
b b b b
a a a a
f x m f x M
dx
dx f x dx m M dx mM
f x f x

+ +

25
( )
( )
( )( )
( )
( )( ) ( ) .
b b b b
a a a a
dx dx
f x dx mM m M b a mM m M b a f x dx
f x f x
+ + +

Do : ( )
( )
( )( ) ( ) ( )
2
b b b b
a a a a
dx
mM f x dx m M b a f x dx f x dx
f x
| |
+
|
\

Xt hm s: ( )
2
y g t t kt = = + .
Hm s t cc i ti
2
k
t = vi gi tr cc i l
2
4
k
.
Vi ( )( ) ( ) , t =
b
a
k m M b a f x dx = +

ta c:
( )( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 2 2
4
b b
a a
m M b a
m M b a f x dx f x dx
+
| |
+
|
\

.
Do : ( )
( )
b b
a a
dx
mM f x dx
f x

( ) ( )
2 2
4
m M b a +

( )
( )
b b
a a
dx
f x dx
f x

( ) ( )
2 2
4
m M b a
mM
+
.
Cu 56
Cho f lin tc trn [ ] ; a b sao cho vi mi [ ] [ ] ; ; a b ta c:
( )
1
f x dx M
vi 0 , >0 M > .
Chng minh rng ( ) 0 f x = trn [ ] ; a b .
Gii
Vi mi [ ]
0
; x a b , chn h thuc b sao cho [ ]
0
; x h a b + .
Khi theo nh l trung bnh ca tch phn: tn ti c gia
0
x v
0
x h +
sao cho ( ) ( ) ( )
0
0
1
x h
x
f c h f x dx h f c M h

+
+
=
.
Cho 0 h ta c ( ) [ ]
0 0
0 x ; f x a b . Suy ra: ( ) 0 f x = trn [ ] ; a b .
Cu 57
Cho f lin tc trn [ ] ; a b . t ( )
1
b
a
c f x dx
b a
=

. Chng minh rng:
( ) ( )
2 2

b b
a a
f x c dx f x t dx t

.

26
Gii
Xt ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 2
2
b b b
a a a
g t x t dt b a t f x dx t f x dx
| |
= = +
|
\

.
g(t) l tam thc bc hai theo t, g(t) t cc tiu ti ( )
0
1
b
a
t f x dx c
b a
= =

.
Vy ( ) ( )
2 2

b b
a a
f x c dx f x t dx t

.
Cu 58
Cho f l mt hm thc kh vi n cp 1 n + trn . Chng minh rng vi
mi s thc , , a < b a b tho mn
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
...
ln
...
n
n
f b f b f b
b a
f a f a f a
| | + + +
=
|
+ + +
\

tn ti ( ) ; c a b sao cho
( )
( ) ( )
1 n
f c f c
+
= .
Gii
Vi a, b l s thc, a b < ta c
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
...
ln
...
n
n
f b f b f b
b a
f a f a f a
| | + + +
=
|
+ + +
\
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
... ...
n n a b
f a f a f a e f b f b f b e

+ + + = + + +
Xt hm s: ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
...
n x
g x f x f x f x e
= + + +
Ta c g(x) kh vi trn v ( ) ( ) g a g b = .
M ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
1 n x
g x e f x f x
+
= .
Do :
( )
( ) ( )
1 n
f c f c
+
= .
Cu 59
Cho [ ) : 0; f + l mt hm lin tc kh vi. Chng minh rng:
( ) ( ) ( )
[ ]
( ) ( )
2
1 1 1
3 2
0,1
0 0 0
0 max
x
f x dx f f x dx f x f x dx
| |

|
\

.
Gii
t
[ ]
( )
0,1
max
x
M f x
= .
Khi ( ) [ ] ( ) [ ] x 0;1 x 0;1 f x M M f x M . Nhn ( ) 0 f x
vo tng v ca bt ng thc ny ta c :
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) Mf x f x f x Mf x , [ ] 0;1 x
27
Suy ra: ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
0 0 0
x x x
M f t dt f t f t dt M f t dt

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
0 0
1 1
0
2 2
x x
M f t dt f x f M f t dt

. n y ta tip tc nhn
( ) 0 f x vo tng v ca bt ng thc ny c:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
3 2
0 0
1 1
0
2 2
x x
Mf x f t dt f x f f x Mf x f t dt

, [ ] 0;1 x .
Ly tch phn 2 v trn [ ] 0;1 ca bt ng thc ny:
( )
2
1
0
M f x dx
| |

|
\
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
1 1 1
3 2
0 0 0
0 f x dx f f x dx M f x dx
| |

|
\

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
1 1 1
2 2
0 0 0
0 f x dx f f x dx M f x dx
| |

|
\

hay ( ) ( ) ( )
[ ]
( ) ( )
1 1 1
3 2
0,1
0 0 0
0 max
x
f x dx f f x dx f x f x dx
| |

|
\

.
Cu 60
Cho [ ) : 0; f + kh vi v tho mn ( ) ( )
( )
2 2
1
1 1 , f f x
x f x
= =
+
.
Chng minh rng tn ti gii hn hu hn ( ) lim
x
f x
+
v b thua 1
4
+ .
Gii
( )
( )
[ )
2 2
1
0 x 0; f x
x f x
= > +
+

f(x) ngbin ( ) ( ) 1 1 x > 1 f x f > = .
T ta c: ( ) ( )
2 1
1 1
1
1 1 arctan 1
1 4
x x
x
f x f t dt dt t
t
= + < = + < +
+

.
Vy tn ti gii hn hu hn ( ) lim
x
f x
+
v b thua 1
4
+ .
Cu 61
Tm tt c cc hm ( ) f x tho mn iu kin: ( ) ( ) 1 2
x
f x f x

+ = .
Gii
Nhn xt:
( ) 1 1 1
2 2.2 2 2 2
x x x x x +
= =
Ta c: ( ) ( ) 1 2
x
f x f x

+ = ( )
( )
( )
1 1 1
1 2 2 x
x x
f x f x
+
+ + = +
t ( ) ( )
1
2
x
g x f x

= + ( ) ( ) 1 x g x g x + = . Vy ( ) ( )
1
2
x
f x g x

= ,
vi g l hm tun hon c chu k 1 T = .
28
Cu 62
Cho f l hm lin tc trn [ ) 0; + v tho mn ( ) 0 3 1 xf x < < ( ) 0; x + .
Chng minh rng hm s ( ) ( ) ( )
3
3
0 0
3
x x
g x t f t dt tf t dt
| |
=
|
\

l hm s ng
bin trn ( ) 0; + .
Gii
Ta c: ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
3 2
0 0
9 3
x x
g x x f x xf x tf t dt xf x x tf t dt
(
| | | |
= =
(
| |
\ \

Li c: ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
0 0 0 0
0 3 1 3 3 0
x x x x
tf t dt dt x tf t dt x x tf t dt
| | | |
< < = < >
| |
\ \

Kt hp vi ( ) ( ) 0 0; xf x x > + , ta suy ra: ( ) ( ) 0 x 0; g x > + .
Vy ( ) g x l hm s ng bin trn ( ) 0;+ .
Cu 63
Cho hm s:
[ ] ( )
2
0, 2 f C v ( ) ( ) ( ) 0 2010, f 1 2011, f 2 2012 f = = = .
Chng minh rng tn ti ( ) 0;2 c sao cho ( ) 0 f c = .
Gii
+ p dng nh l Lagrange cho hm s f trn [ ] [ ] 0;1 , 1; 2
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) 1 0 2011 2010
0;2 : 1
1 0 1 0
f f
a f a

= = =

( ) ( )
( ) ( ) 2 1 2012 2011
0; 2 : 1
2 1 2 1
f f
b f b

= = =

+ V f kh vi trn [ ] 0; 2 v ( ) ( ) f a f b = nn theo nh l Rolle tn ti
( ) ( ) 0; 2 : 0 c f c = .
Cu 64
Tn ti hay khng hm lin tc : f
+ +
tho mn cc iu kin:
( ) ( ) ( ) f 2011 2012 i f <
( ) ( ) ( )
1
f ii f x
x
= .
Gii
+ Trc ht ta chng minh f l n nh.
1 2
, x x
+
, ta c:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 2 1 2 1 2
1 2
1 1
f x f x f f x f f x x x
x x
= = = = .
29
+ f lin tc v n nh suy ra f n iu. Kt hp vi iu kin (i) suy ra f
ng bin trn
+
. Khi ( ) ( )
1
f f x
x
= cng l hm ng bin. iu ny
v l v
1
y
x
= l hm nghch bin.
Vy khng tn ti hm f tho mn yu cu bi ton.
Cu 65
Cho f xc nh trn [ ] 0;1 tho mn: ( ) ( ) 0 1 0 f f = = v
( ) ( ) [ ] x, y 0,1
2
x y
f f x f y
+
| |
+
|
\
.
Chng minh rng: phng trnh ( ) 0 f x = c v s nghim trn on [ ] 0,1 .
Gii
Cho x y = , t gi thit ta c: ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ] 2 0 x 0,1 f x f x f x .
Ta c: ( ) ( )
1 1
0 0 1 0 0
2 2
f f f f
| | | |
+ = =
| |
\ \
.
Ta s chng minh
1
0
2
n
f
| |
=
|
\
n (1)
+ (1) ng vi 0, 1 n n = = .
+ Gi s (1) ng n n k = , tc l:
1
0
2
k
f
| |
=
|
\
.
+ Ta c: ( )
1 1
1 1 1
0 0 0 0
2 2 2
k k k
f f f f
+ +
| | | | | |
+ = =
| | |
\ \ \
. Do (1) ng
n n k = .
Vy phng trnh ( ) 0 f x = c v s nghim trn on [ ] 0,1 .
Cu 66
Cho hm s ( ) f x lin tc trn tho mn iu kin:
( ) ( ) ( ) 1 x f f x f x = v ( ) 1000 999 f = . Hy tnh ( ) 500 f .
Gii
Vi 1000 x = , ta c:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1
1000 1000 1 999
999
f f f f = = .
Xt hm s: ( ) ( ) 500 g x f x =
f lin tc trn f lin tc trn
[ ] 999;1000 g lin tc trn
[ ] 999;1000 .
( ) ( )
1
999 999 500 500 0
999
g f = = <
30
( ) ( ) 1000 1000 500 999 500 0 g f = = >
Suy ra: ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
0 0
999 . 1000 0 999;1000 : 0 g g x g x < =
( ) ( )
0 0
999;1000 : 500 x f x = .
Thay
0
x x = ta c
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
0 0
1
1 500
500
f f x f x f = = .
Cu 67
Cho hm s : f tho mn iu kin:
( ) ( ) ( )
2 x, y
3
f x f y f xy
x y
= + + (1) . Hy xc nh gi tr c th
c ca ( ) 2011 f .
Gii
Cho 0 x y = = thay vo (1) ta c:
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
2
2
0 2
0 0
2 0 0 6 0
3 0 3
f
f f
f f
f
=
= =

=

+ Xt ( ) 0 2 f = . Khi :
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
0 0 3
2 2
3 2
f x f f
x f x x
= + = .
Thay vo (1) thy khng tho.
+ Xt ( ) 0 3 f = , khi ( ) 3 f x x = + . Thay vo (1) thy tho mn.
Vy ( ) 2011 2011 3 2014 f = + = .
Cu 68
Cho hm s : f tho mn iu kin
( ) ( )
3 3
2 2 x, y f x y f y x + = + .Chng minh rng f l hm hng.
Gii
Vi mi a, b thuc , chng minh tn ti , x y sao cho:
3 3
2 , y 2 x y a x b + = + = .
R rng ( ) ( ) f a f b f = l hm hng.
Xt h phng trnh:
3
2
3
3
3
3
2
2 0
2
2 2
2
a x
x y a y a x
x b
y x b
y x b

+ = = | |
+ =

|
+ =
\

+ =
.
y l phng trnh a thc bc l ( bc 9) i vi x nn lun c nghim
trn . Suy ra h trn lun c nghim (x, y).
Vy f l hm hng.

31
Cu 69
Tm gi tr ca k sao cho tn ti hm lin tc : f tho mn:
( ) ( )
9
x f f x kx = .
Gii
- Trng hp: k = 0 th hm ( ) 0 f x x = tho mn yu cu bi ton.
- Trng hp: 0 k
+ f n iu
+ f l mt n nh. Tht vy! , x y ,
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
9 9 9 9
f x f y f f x f f y kx ky x y x y = = = = = .
V f lin tc v l n nh nn f n iu thc s
Nu f tng thc s.
Khi :
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
x y f x f y f f x f f y f f x < < < tng thc s.
Nu f gim thc s
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
x y f x f y f f x f f y f f x < > < gim thc s.
Vy ( ) ( )
f f x l hm tng thc, v th
9
y kx = cng l hm tng thc s.
Do 0 k > .
Ngc li vi k > 0, ta lun tm c hm ( )
3 4
x f x k x = .
Cu 70
Tn ti hay khng hm s : f sao cho vi mi x, y thuc ta c:
( ) ( ) { } ( ) ( )
max , min , f xy f x y f y x = + .
Gii
Thay 1 x y = = ta c
( ) ( ) { } ( ) { } ( ) 1 max 1 ,1 min 1 ,1 1 1 0 1 f f f f = + = + = ( V l).
Vy hm f khng tn ti.
Cu 71
Tm
( ) ( )
1
2 2
0
min 1
f
K x f x dx
= +
, y [ ] ( ) ( )
1
0
0,1 : 1 f C f x dx

= =
`
)
.
Gii p dng bt ng thc Schwarz ta c:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
2
1 1 1 1
2 2 2
2
2
0 0 0 0
1
1 1 1 .
1 4
1
dx
f x dx x f x dx x f x dx K
x
x
| |
| |
= = + + =
| |
+
\ +
\

Suy ra:
( ) ( )
1
2 2
0
4
min 1
f
K x f x dx
= +
.
32
Cu72 Gi s rng f v g l cc hm kh vi trn [ ] a; b ; trong
( ) ( ) g x 0 , g x 0 . Chng minh rng tn ti ( ) c a; b sao cho:

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
f a f b f c g c
det det
g a g b f c g c
g b g a g c
| | | |
| |

\ \
=

.
Gii
Xt hai hm s: ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
f x 1
h x , k x
g x g x
= = kh vi trn [ ] a;b .
p dng nh l Cauchy ta c:
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
h b h a h c
c a; b :
k b k a k c

=

( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
2
2
f c g c f c g c
f b f a
g c g b g a
c a;b :
1 1 g c
g b g a
g c

Cu 73 Chng minh rng: ( ) f x arctan x = tho mn phng trnh:
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )( )
( )
( )
n n 1 n 2 2
1 x f x 2 n 1 f x n 2 n 1 f x 0

+ + + = vi x v
n 2 .
Gii
( ) f x arctan x =
( ) ( ) ( )
2
2
1
f x 1 x f x 1
1 x
= + =
+
(1)
Ly o hm hai v ca (1) suy ra:
( ) ( ) ( )
2
1 x f x 2xf x 0 + + = .
Bng quy np ta chng minh c:
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )( )
( )
( )
n n 1 n 2 2
1 x f x 2 n 1 xf x n 2 n 1 f x 0

+ + + =
( ) x , n 2
+ Mnh ng trong trng hp n = 2.
+ Gi s mnh ng n n k =
tc l:
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )( )
( )
( )
k k 1 k 2 2
1 x f x 2 k 1 xf x k 2 k 1 f x 0

+ + + = (*)
Ly o hm hm hai v ca (*) ta c
33
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
k k 1 k 1 2
k k 1
k 1 k k 1 2
2xf x 1 x f x 2 k 1 f x
2 k 1 xf x k 2 k 1 f x 0
1 x f x 2kxf x k 1 kf x 0
+
+
+ + +
+ + =
+ + + =

Cu 74 Cho f l hm kh vi n cp n trn ( ) 0; + . Chng minh rng vi
x 0 > ,
( )
( )
( ) n
n
n n 1
n 1
1 1 1
f 1 x f
x x x
+
| | | | | |
=
| | |
\ \
\

Gii
+ Mnh ng trong trng hp n 1 = .
+ Gi s mnh ng trong trng hp n k , tc l:

( )
( )
( ) k
k
k k 1
k 1
1 1 1
f 1 x f
x x x
+
| | | | | |
=
| | |
\ \ \

+ Ta s chng minh mnh trn ng vi n k 1 = + .
Tht vy!
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
k
k 1 k
k 1 k k 1
k k k 1 k 2
1 1 1 1
1 x f 1 x f 1 kx f x f
x x x x
+
+ +

| |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
= =
| | | | | | |
|
\ \ \ \ \ \ \
\

= ( )
( )
( )
( ) k k
k 1 k 1
k 1 k 2
1 1
1 k x f 1 x f
x x
+ +

| | | | | | | |

| | | |
\ \ \ \

( )
( )
( ) k
k 1
k k 2
k 1
k 1 1
f 1 x f
x x x

+
| | | | | |
=
| | |
\ \ \
.
Li c: ( )
( )
( )
( ) k k 1
k 1 k 1
k 2 k 2
1 1
1 x f 1 x f
x x
| |
| | | | | | | |
= |
| | | |
|
\ \ \ \
\

Theo gi thit quy np vi trng hp n k 1 = ta c:
( )
( )
( ) k 1
k 1
k k 2
k
1 1 1
f 1 x f
x x x

| | | | | |
=
| | |
\ \ \
.
T suy ra( )
( )
( )
k 1
k 1
k 1 k
k 2
1 1 1
1 x f f
x x x
+
+
+
+
| | | | | |
=
| | |
\ \
\
.
Vy bi ton c chng minh xong

34
Cu 75 Cho f kh vi trn ( ) a; b sao cho vi ( ) x a; b ta c:
( ) ( ) ( )
f x g f x = , trong g ( ) C a;b
. Chng minh f C
( ) a; b .
Gii
Ta c: ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
f x g f x f x g f x f x g f x g f x = = =
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
f x g f x g f x g f x g f x = +
Do f , f u lin tc trn ( ) a;b .
Chng minh bng quy np ta c
( )
( )
n
f n 3 u l tng cc o hm
( )
( )
k
g f vi k 0; n 1 = . T suy ra iu phi chng minh.
Cu 76 Cho [ ] f : ; 1;1
2 2

(

(

l mt hm kh vi c o hm lin tc v
khng m. Chng minh tn ti
0
x ;
2 2

| |

|
\
sao cho
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
0 0
f x f x 1 + .
Gii

Xt hm s:
( )
g : ; ;
2 2 2 2
x arctanf x

( (

( (

g l hm lin tc trn ;
2 2

(
(

. Nu ( ) f x 1 th g kh vi ti mi x v
( )
( )
( ) ( )
f x
g x
1 f f x
.
Nu tn ti
0
x ;
2 2

| |

|
\
sao cho
( )
( )
0
0
f x 1
f x 1
=
th
0
x l cc tr a phng
ca hm f nn theo nh l Fermat ta suy ra c ( )
0
f x 0 = . V th ta c:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
0 0
f x f x 1 + = .
Nu ( ) f x 1 x ;
2 2

| |

|
\
th p dng nh l Lagrange cho hm g trn
on ;
2 2

(
(

:
35
( )
( ) ( )
0
0
2
0
f x
x ; : g g
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 f x

| | | | | | | | | |
=
| | | | |
\ \ \ \ \
.
D thy:
( )
( ) ( )
0
2
0
f x
0
1 f x

.
Vy ta chng minh c
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
0 0
f x f x 1 + .
Cu 77
Cho f kh vi trn [ ] a; b v tho mn:
a) ( ) ( ) f a f b 0 = = b) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
f a f a 0 , f b f b 0
+
= > = > .
Chng minh rng tn ti ( ) c a; b sao cho ( ) f c 0 = v ( ) f c 0 .
Gii
T gi thit suy ra f bng 0 ti t nht mt im trong khong ( ) a;b .
t ( ) ( ) { }
c inf x a; b : f x 0 = = , ta c ( ) f c 0 = .
V ( ) f a 0 > nn ( ) ( ) f x 0 x a;c > . Hn na ( ) f c tn ti nn
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
h 0 h 0
f c h f c f c h
f c lim lim 0
h h

+ +
= = .
Cu 78
Cho ( ) f x l hm s c o hm ti im
0
x 2011 = v n. Chng minh
rng: ( ) ( )
n
1 2011n
limn f f 2011 f 2011
n
+ (
| |
=
|
(
\

.
Gii
V f c o hm ti im
0
x 2011 = nn theo nh ngha ta c:

( ) ( )
( )
0
0
x 0
f 2011 x f x
lim f x
x

+
=

Xt ring: Nu ly
1
x
n
= , ta c x 0 khi n .
Ta c:
( )
( )
( )
n n
1
f 2011 f 2011
1 2011n
n
limn f f 2011 lim f 2011
1
n
n

| |
+
|
+ ( | |
\
= =
|
(
\
.

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l mt hng s nn ( ) u x x C = + (C l hng s).

+ = (*) khng suy

< < v ( ) ( ) 2 f x f x x c tho mn th ( )

. Chng minh rng tn ti

. iu ny mu thun vi gi thit f lin tc.

c nh ngha thm lin tc ti x = 0 cng kh vi v hn

c nh ngha thm lin tc ti x = 0 kh vi v hn

. Chng minh rng tn

Suy ra: ( ) ( ) lim lim 0

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