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Chapter Seven

Air traffic control (ATC) is crucial for ensuring the safety and efficiency of air transportation, encompassing functions such as directing aircraft during landing and takeoff, regulating in-flight movement, and providing weather information. The ATC network is divided into three parts: terminal area control, airway control, and airway communication. Various landing aids, including the Instrument Landing System (ILS) and Precision Approach Radar (PAR), assist pilots and controllers in managing aircraft during landing, particularly under poor visibility conditions.

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60 views7 pages

Chapter Seven

Air traffic control (ATC) is crucial for ensuring the safety and efficiency of air transportation, encompassing functions such as directing aircraft during landing and takeoff, regulating in-flight movement, and providing weather information. The ATC network is divided into three parts: terminal area control, airway control, and airway communication. Various landing aids, including the Instrument Landing System (ILS) and Precision Approach Radar (PAR), assist pilots and controllers in managing aircraft during landing, particularly under poor visibility conditions.

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Rmesh jha
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CHAPTER SEVEN

AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL


• Air traffic control is an essential element of the communication
structure which supports air transportation.
• Two basic for air traffic control (ATC) are safety and efficiency of air
traffic movement.
7.2 Primary functions of air traffic control
1. Airport Traffic Control: To direct aircraft during landing or takeoff
and guide them from and back to the airways within a
predetermined controlling area around the airport. Also to control
the taxiing of arriving and departing aircraft on the airfield between
the apron and the runway.
2. Air Traffic Control: To regulate aircraft movement in flight along
the runway by keeping each aircraft properly separated vertically
and laterally.
3. Airways Communication: To disseminate weather and airway
information to aircraft in flight.
4. General or Non airway Traffic Control: To regulate the movement
of aircraft not flying along airway and to prevent interference with
airway traffic. This control is required when personal flying is very
common
7.3 Air Traffic Control Network
• The network for ontro1ling the air traffic can be divided into three
parts as follows:
• Control within terminal area
• Control over airways
• Airway communication
7.4 Landing aid
• The following aids are available to any aircraft while landing.
a) Instrument landing System (ILS)
b) Precision approach radar (PAR) or Ground approach control (GAC)
c) Airport surveillance radar (ASR)
d) Airport surface detection equipment (ASDE)
e) Approach lights
1. Instrument landing System (ILS)
• It is at present the most widely used system of landing. It consists of
telecommunication aids to the pilot to enable him to approach the
runway and make a successful landing under condition of poor visibility
even when no ground reference data is visible.
2. Precision approach radar (PAR)
• It serves the same purpose as an ILS except that the guidance
information reaches the pilot through his hearing aid. PAR gives to the
controller the picture of descending aircraft both in plan and in
elevation
3. Airports surveillance radar (ASR)
It is an instrument which provides to the controller at the tower an
overall picture of all the aircrafts within the air space surrounding the
terminal. It is effective up to a distance of 50 km (30 miles) to 100 km (60
miles).
4. Airports surface detection equipment (ASDE)
• During the poor visibility conditions, the controller finds it difficult to
regulate the taxiing of aircrafts as he cannot see the aircrafts clearly.
ASDE is a short range radar which gives to the controller a pictorial
display of the runways, taxiways, terminal areas and shows the position
of the aircrafts.
5. Approach-Light Systems
This is a system of high-intensity lights that extend outward from the
approach end along the projected center line of the runway. They
provide visual reference to the instrument runway during the transition
from instrument flight to visual flight. The system consists of horizontal
12-ft bars of high-intensity lights spaced 100 ft apart longitudinally for a
distance of 1400 to 3000 ft

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