Special Installation

SPECIAL INSTALLATION

➢ This is the type of installation which calls for special consideration. The
conditions require their special and particular requirements to be satisfied.

➢ The I.E.E. regulations deals with these requirements in general way and the
electrician must have other sources of information so as to installation procedures
techniques and recommended types of equipment.

Examples;

1. Damp situations
2. Corrosion
3. Temporary installation
4. Caravan and caravan sites
5. Agricultural & horticultural installations

DAMP
Damp situation is one in which moisture is either permanently present, or intermittently
present to such an extent as to be likely to impair effectiveness of an installation
configuring to the requirements for ordinary situation. The situation creates a hazard from
electric shock.

1. The I.E.E regulation requires that every cable installed in a damp situation and
exposed to rain, dripping water, condensed water shall be of the type to
withstand these conditions.

2. All metal clips and their fixings; metal sheath; metal conduits, ducts or
trunking shall be of corrosion resistant.

3. Steel conduits must be of heavy gauge type. Conduit threads must be

painted with bituminous paints after erection.
An installation may not be classed as ‘damp’ .There may occasionally arise a situation
which though might not be common, a form of condensation may occur, thus putting the
installation to be dangerous.

Condensation occurs or exists where there is a difference in temperature, for example

equipment installed above a room with high temperature being controlled by
switches outside the room in a lower temperature.

N/B

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Generally, where dampness recurs, galvanized metal work is recommended. If conduits
are used drip points should be provided. Levels of long conduits runs should be
slightly off level to allow runs of accumulated condensate.

Problems of condensation occur mostly in;

➢ cold-store
➢ Refrigerated plant
➢ Use of MICS-lead steeled type totally enclosed.

TEMPORARY INSTALLATIONS
➢ A temporary installation is an installation which is designed to be in
service for not more than three months. (Short life or temporary).The
temporary installation often found in construction sites where electrical
services are required to provide lighting &power for the building .
➢ If the installation is required for more than three months then it must be
overhauled completely.
➢ Many temporary installation are carried out in cheap from of wiring system
i.e. sheathed wiring, certain type building should be wired in full conduit.

➢ Temporary installation required extra protection like any other wiring systems
if exposed to mechanical damage or being handle,then form of armoring metal
sheath should be used.
➢ It is the responsibility of competent electricians to be fully responsible to
installation. The name and designation must be displayed close to the
main switch.
N/B

Every temporary installation must be tested and inspected before it is put into
service .It must comply in all respect to the requirements of I.E.E
regulations. (No difference with permanent installation.)

❖ In the interest of safety, it is recommended that a low voltage

supply be used. It should be supplied through a double-wound step-
down transformer not more than 110v.

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 ❖ Bulk of the comprehensive range of power tools available for work in
construction sites are rated at 110v, which greatly reduces risk of
accident.

N/B

1. Look at the requirement for socket outlets and mcbs-should

be coloured yellow.

2. Electrical equipment found in building sites fall into the

general groups.

Namely;

a) Fixed- equipment is permanently installed.

b) Transportable-Equipment fairly heavy and bulky, but can

be moved about while connected to the supply. Not carried.

c) Portable-Equipment is usually carried by person operating it.

CARAVANS AND CARAVAN SITES:

CARAVAN SITE:

➢ Land on which a caravan is stationed for the purpose of human habitation and land
which is used in conjugation with land in which a caravan is stationed.

CARAVAN:

Any structure designed or adapted for human habitation which is capable of being moved from
one place to another (whether by being towed or being transported in a motor vehicle or
trailer) and any motor vehicle so designed but does not include;

1. Any rolling stock which is for the time being in rails forming part of rail systems.

There is considerable increase in years in the use of mobile touring caravans and development of
sites for accommodation. This has resulted to increase of or problem minimizing of electric
shock.

I.E.E regulations 471-42 and 555-13 requires that: -

1. The Wiring of caravans’ sites and its termination of caravans.

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 2. Low voltage installation within domestic residential (fixed).

3. Low voltage installation within domestic touring (mobile caravans).

It is required that every termination of the site wiring for caravan must comprise use of;

1. Excess current

2. Means of isolation

3. Means of earthing the caravan installation

N/B:

1. All terminations of the site must be contained in a suitable weather proof enclosure.

2. All wiring for a mobile caravan must indicate the voltage, type of supply,
frequency of supply in AC and maximum load allowed.

3. Cables meant for fixed wiring inside the caravan must be of suitable insulation.
Cables must be prevented from mechanical damage, damp, heat or corrosion.

4. An all-insulated apparatus should be used.

AGRICULTURAL AND HORTICULTURAL INSTALLATION

In general the bulk of I.E.E wiring regulations apply to agricultural and horticultural installation,
the main concern being to cater for special circumstances .agricultural and Horticultural
installation present a number of problems to the electrical contractor in the installation experts.

➢ A number of problems encountered in these area include;

1. Presence of livestock

2. Dampness

3. Corrosive substances and environments.

4. Exposure to mechanical damage

5. Deterioration of mechanical equipment due to abuse, misuse and neglect.

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 6. Horse and cattle are particularly susceptible to extra-low (below 25v) voltage,
and this makes it very difficult to provide a satisfactory means of control against
earth- leakage current in farm installation. It is therefore recommended that metal
work should be kept in minimum in the interest of safety for animals and humans.

All means of controls to motor must be readily accessible for quick action.

N/B

Segregation and bonding particularly in dairy building and milking points is very important. All
metal work of stands and pipes should be bonded to the earth-continuity conductor.

Note should be taken of difficulty in earthing the installation and careful tests should be carried
out before effective earthing is provided either direct or using earth-leakage circuit breaker.

Assignments

In supervising the installation of a system using PVC cables in steel trunking, what would you
consider to be essentials to ensure sound construction, long life and compliance with I.E.E.
Regulations?

INSTALLATIONS IN HAZARDOUS AREAS

Flameproof Installations

➢ There are three main types of hazards to be considered:

1. Explosive gases & vapour

2. Flammable liquids

3. Explosive dust

➢ Flammable liquids produce explosive vapour in greater degree according to their

temperature, and liquid which is safe at normal temperatures may become heated to its
flashpoint, therefore it may become necessary to install flameproof equipment. Explosive
dust similarly presents same problem and also require total dust- proof type electrical
equipment.

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➢ Equipments classified as flameproof are those which can withstand an internal
explosion of the particular gas for which it is certified. It also prevents any spark in
flame from these explosions leaking out of the enclosure and igniting the surrounding
atmosphere.

It is made in such a way that it has two compartments that is separated from one another.

• The entire installation in this area must be carried out in heavy gauge class
‘B’ conduits. Certified boxes, accessories, couplers and locknuts, all must be
of standard type heavy gauge to ensure tight and vibration –proof joint.

• Being essentially a closed installation, a flameproof conduit systems may suffer

from condensation. Stopper boxes are used to stop ingres of moisture from one
section to another. Draining of condensation from an installation should be
carried out only by an authorized person.

N/B

Appropriate B.S code of practice( C.O.P) for flame proof installation (CP
1003) and instinsically safe electrical equipment for industrial use.*Must be
complied with accordingly*.

Hazardous areas are classified in three major divisions:

1. Division O

➢ An area of enclosed space within which any flammable or

explosive substance, whether gas, vapour or volatile liquids is
continuously present in concentration.

2. Division 1

An area within which any flammable or explosive substance, gas, vapour or

volatile liquid is processed, handled or stored and where during normal

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 working operations an explosive or ignitable concentration is likely to
occur in sufficient quality to produce a hazard.

3. Division 2

Area within which any flammable explosive substance may occur only
during abnormal conditions.

N/B

Areas which fall under category 1 or division 1 may require flameproof or

instinsically safe-equipment.

ELECTROSTATIC SITUATION

ASSIGNMENTS

1. Explain the term electrostatic

2. State two effects of electrostatic

3. Make notes