Scholarship Calculus (93202) 2018 — page 1 of 12

Assessment Schedule – 2018

Scholarship Calculus (93202)
Evidence Statement
Q Solution 1–4 No award 5–6 Schol 7–8 OS

ONE P: (cos α ,sin α ) ; Q: (cos β ,sin β ) ; R: ( cos(α − β ),sin(α − β )) Shows understanding of Application of high-level Application of high-level
(a) relevant mathematical mathematical knowledge mathematical knowledge and
∠ROA = α – β = ∠POQ, hence PQ = RA concepts, and some and skills, leading to partial skills, perception and insight /
progress towards solutions solutions to complex convincing communication
( ) + (sin α − sin β )
2 2
PQ 2 = cos α − cos β to problems. problems. shown in finding correct
= cos 2 α − 2cos α cos β + cos 2 β + sin 2 α − 2sin α sin β + sin 2 β solutions to complex problems.
= 2 − 2cos α cos β − 2sin α sin β
Using the Cosine Rule
RA 2 = 1+ 1− 2cos α − β ( )
Since PQ = RA,
( )
1+ 1− 2cos α − β = 2 − 2cos α cos β − 2sin α sin β
( )
cos α − β = cos α cos β + sin α sin β

(b) sin P sin A OA sin A

By the sine rule = and so sin P =
OA OP OP
OA
OA and OP are of constant length i.e. sin P = ksin A where k =
OP
So, sin P is max and hence ∠APO is max when sin A = 1,
π
i.e. ∠A = , PA _|_ OA, with P on either side of OA.
2
 Scholarship Calculus (93202) 2018 — page 2 of 12

(c) cosθ sin θ cosθ + cos2 θ − sin θ − sin 2 θ

− =
1+ sin θ 1+ cosθ 1+ sin θ + cosθ + sin θ cosθ
cosθ − sin θ + (cosθ − sin θ )(cosθ + sin θ )
=
1+ sin θ + cosθ + sin θ cosθ
(cosθ − sin θ )(1+ cosθ + sin θ )
=
1+ sin θ + cosθ + sin θ cosθ
2(cosθ − sin θ )(1+ cosθ + sin θ )
=
2 + 2sin θ + 2cosθ + 2sin θ cosθ
2(cosθ − sin θ )(1+ cosθ + sin θ )
=
1+ sin θ + cos2 θ + 2sin θ + 2cosθ + 2sin θ cosθ
2

2(cosθ − sin θ )(1+ cosθ + sin θ )

=
(1+ sin θ + cosθ )2

2(cosθ − sin θ )
=
1+ sin θ + cosθ
 Scholarship Calculus (93202) 2018 — page 3 of 12

Q Solution 1–4 No award 5–6 Schol 7–8 OS

TWO Shows understanding of Application of high-level Application of high-level

(a)(i) ⎪⎧ 2 3 5 ± 13 ⎪⎫ relevant mathematical mathematical knowledge mathematical knowledge and
Singularities (discontinuous at these points.): x = ⎨− , , ⎬
⎩⎪ 3 5 2 ⎭⎪ concepts, and some progress and skills, leading to partial skills, perception and insight /
towards solutions to solutions to complex convincing communication
problems. problems. shown in finding correct
(ii) ⎧ ⎫
2 solutions to complex problems.
⎪ ⎡1⎤ 1 ⎪
⎪ 2⎢ ⎥ −1 2 − 3× ⎪
⎪ 2
⎣ ⎦ 2 ⎪ −8
lim f (x) = ⎨ − ⎬=
⎪ ⎛ 3× 1 + 2⎞ ⎛ 5 × 1 − 3⎞ ⎛ ⎡ 1 ⎤ ⎞ ⎪ 21
1 2
x→ 1
2
⎪ ⎜⎝ 2 ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ 2 ⎟⎠ ⎜⎜ ⎢ 2 ⎥ − 5 × 2 + 3⎟⎟ ⎪
⎪
⎩ ⎝⎣ ⎦ ⎠⎪⎭

(b) 2
Points of intersection: from xy = 2 write y = .
x
Substituting into second equation
2
2
⎛ 2⎞
x −⎜ ⎟ =1
⎝ x ⎠
x4 − 2 = x2
(x 2 + 1)(x 2 − 2) = 0
So (x 2 − 2) = 0, hence x = ± 2
Curves intersect at ( 2,1) and (− 2,−1 )
For the curve xy = 2 ,
dy α 2
=
dx 2
−1
Which evaluates to at both intersection points.
2
For the curve x2 – y2 = 1
 Scholarship Calculus (93202) 2018 — page 4 of 12

dy
2x − 2 y =0
dx
dy x
=
dx y
Which evaluates to 2 at both intersection points.

The product of the slopes is –1, so perpendicular.

Note:
⎛ ⎞
At the point of intersection α , 2 ,
⎜ ⎝ ⎟
α ⎠
dy 2
For the curve xy = 2 , =− 2
dx α

dy α 2
For the curve x2 – y2 = 1, =
dx 2
 Scholarship Calculus (93202) 2018 — page 5 of 12

(c)

Let the length of DX be x km, as shown in the diagram.

Length of the motorway

f (x) = 40 − x + 2 x 2 + 900
1
−
f ′(x) = −1+ (x 2 + 900) 2 × 2x
When f ′(x) = 0,
2x = x 2 + 900
4x 2 = x 2 + 900
3x 2 = 900
x = ±10 3
We consider only the positive result.
−1 −3
2 2
f ′′(x) = 2(x + 900) 2 − x(x + 900) 2 2x
−1 −3
f ′′(10 3) = 2 × (300 + 900) 2 − 600 × (300 + 900) 2 = 0.04330
f ′′(10 3) > 0, so x = 10 3 gives a local minimum
Minimum length of motorway is 40 + 30 3 km
 Scholarship Calculus (93202) 2018 — page 6 of 12

Q Solution 1–4 No award 5–6 Schol 7–8 OS

THREE u−5 dx 1 Shows understanding of Application of high-level Application of high-level

(a)(i) Let u = 2x + 5, then x = and = relevant mathematical mathematical knowledge mathematical knowledge
2 du 2 concepts, and some and skills, leading to and skills, perception and
5 15 1 progress towards solutions partial solutions to insight / convincing
dx
∫
0
(2x − 5) 2x + 5 dx = (u − 10)u 2 ∫
5
du
du to problems. complex problems. communication shown in
finding correct solutions to
15 ⎛ 3 1⎞
complex problems.
1
= ⎜
⎜
5⎝
∫ u 2 − 10u 2 ⎟ du
⎟⎠ 2
15
⎡ 1 5 10 3 ⎤
= ⎢ u 2 − u 2 ⎥ = 6.7225
⎢⎣ 5 3 ⎥
⎦5

(ii) 5
The definite integral cannot be evaluated since 2x − 5 is not defined for x < .
2

(b) Area between diagonal and curve:

1
⎧ ⎛ B−1 2 1 ⎞ ⎫
∫ ⎨⎩ x − ⎜⎝
0
B
x + x ⎟ ⎬ dx
B ⎠⎭
1
⎧B−1 B−1 2 ⎫
= ⎨
0
⎩
∫B
x−
B
x ⎬ dx
⎭
1

∫ { x − x } dx
B−1 2
=
B
0
1
B − 1 ⎡ x 2 x3 ⎤
= ⎢ − ⎥ dx
B ⎢⎣ 2 3 ⎥⎦
0
B−1
=
6B
1
1
Area beneath diagonal: ∫ x dx = 2
0
 Scholarship Calculus (93202) 2018 — page 7 of 12

B−1 1 B−1
Coefficient of inequality = ÷ =
6B 2 3B
B − 1 20
To find B : =
3B 63
B = 21
 Scholarship Calculus (93202) 2018 — page 8 of 12

(c) Volume of water flowing from the tank = volume of water flowing out of spout.
Cross sectional area of tank × rate at which height is changing
= cross sectional area spout × v water.
2 2
dV ⎛ d⎞ ⎛ d⎞
=π⎜ ⎟ v=π⎜ ⎟ 2gh
dt ⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 2⎠
2
dV ⎛ D ⎞ dh
=π⎜ ⎟
dt ⎝ 2 ⎠ dt
D2
dh = dt
d 2 2g × h
h1 t1
D2 1
d 2 2g
∫
h2 h
dh = ∫ dt
t2

2
2D ⎡ h ⎤ 1 = ⎡t ⎤t1
h

⎣ ⎦ t2
d 2
2g ⎣ ⎦ h2

( )
2
⎛ D⎞ 2
⎜⎝ d ⎟⎠ × g × (
h1 − h2 = t1 − t2 = Δt )
 Scholarship Calculus (93202) 2018 — page 9 of 12

Q Solution 1-4 No award 5-6 Schol 7-8 OS

FOUR log3 (4 − 2x) + log3 x ≤ log3 9 Shows Application of Application of

(a) understanding of high-level high-level
log3 (4x − 2x 2 ) ≤ log3 9 relevant mathematical mathematical
mathematical knowledge and knowledge and
4x − 2x 2 ≤ 9 concepts, and skills, leading to skills, perception
2x 2 − 4x + 9 ≥ 0 some progress partial solutions and insight /
towards to complex convincing
Which is true for all x ∈! solutions to problems. communication
However, for validity checking, require 4 − 2x > 0 and x > 0 problems. shown in finding

{ }
correct solutions
i.e. x : 0 < x < 2 to complex
problems.
(b) Circle one has centre (8,10) and radius 7. Circle two has centre (–4,5) and radius 6.
2 2
The distance between their centres is d = (8 − (−4)) + (10 − 5) = 13 .
Since this is the sum of their radii, therefore the circles are tangential.
Point of tangency: P(x,y) divides the line joining their centres in the ratio 6:7. So
6 × 8 + 7 × −4 20 6 × 10 + 7 × 5 95
x= = ,y= =
6+7 13 6+7 13
 Scholarship Calculus (93202) 2018 — page 10 of 12

(c)
(x + y)2 − 2xy + 3(x + y) = 8
xy = 2 − 4(x + y)
Substitute the second equation into the first:
( )
(x + y)2 − 2 2 − 4(x + y) + 3(x + y) = 8
(x + y)2 +11(x + y) −12 = 0
x + y = 1 or x + y = −12
When x + y = 1
xy = 2 − 4 ×1 = −2
→ x = 2, y = −1 or x = −1, y = 2
When x + y = 1−12
xy = 2 − 4 × −12 = 50
→ x = −6 + i 14, y = −6 − i 14 or x = −6 − i 14, y = −6 + i 14
 Scholarship Calculus (93202) 2018 — page 11 of 12

Q Solution 1–4 No award 5–6 Schol 7–8 OS

FIVE
(a) z=
(
a 2 − bc + a b + c i )( ) ×
2a − b + c i Shows
understanding of
Application of
high-level
Application of
high-level
2a + ( b + c ) i 2a − ( b + c ) i relevant mathematical mathematical
mathematical knowledge and knowledge and
2a − 2abc + 2a ( b + c ) i − a ( b + c ) i + bc ( b + c ) i + a ( b + c )
3 2 2 2

= concepts, and skills, leading to skills, perception

4a + ( b + c ) some progress partial solutions to and insight /
2 2

towards solutions complex problems. convincing

2a − 2abc + a ( b + c )
2
3 to problems. communication
Re ( z ) = shown in finding
4a + ( b + c )
2 2
correct solutions
to complex
2a 3 + ab2 + ac 2 problems.
=
( )
2
4a 2 + b + c

(b)(i) ΔACV and ΔXYV are similar. Both have a right angle (tangent radius) and
they share a common angle at V.
AC XY
So, = (1)
CV YV
XY = r2
YV = CV − CY = 120 − (20 + r2 )
YV = 100 − r2
Substitute into Eq (1)
20 1 r2
= =
120 6 100 − r2
6r2 = 100 − r2
100
r2 = mm
7
(14.285)
 Scholarship Calculus (93202) 2018 — page 12 of 12

(ii) Assume in the diagram above, we are looking at the radii rn and rn+1 of spheres centre T and U
respectively. Then, a similar argument follows as before.
Triangles TRV and USV are both similar to triangle CAV. So:
RT SU AC 1
= = =
TV UV CV 6
rn 1
= and 6rn = TV. Also 6rn+1 = UV
TV 6
But TV = TU + UV
6rn = rn + rn+1 + 6rn+1 from which
rn+1 5
=
rn 7
5
We have a geometric sequence with T1 = 20 and common ratio r = .
7
n−1
⎛ 5⎞
So the nth radius is given by rn = 20 ⎜ ⎟ .
⎝ 7⎠

(iii) Volume of the spheres is given by:

3
4 ⎛ ⎛ 5⎞ ⎞
n−1 3( n−1)
4 ∞ ⎛ 5⎞
V = ∑ n=1 π ⎜ 20 ⎜ ⎟ ∑ n=1⎜⎝ 7 ⎟⎠
∞
⎟ = π 20 3

3 ⎝ ⎝ 7⎠ ⎠ 3

a
and since r < 1, the series converges. S∞ =
1− r
⎧ ⎫
⎪ ⎪
4 ⎪ 1 ⎪ 5 488 000π
V = π 20 × ⎨
3
3⎬
= mm 3
3 ⎪ ⎛ 5⎞ ⎪ 327
⎪1− ⎜⎝ 7 ⎟⎠ ⎪
⎩ ⎭