Matrices sheet Name : .......................
1
Inverse of Matrix A is
**To add two Matrices , Matrices have to be in the same order
1.
2.
Multiplying Matrices
The product is possible if the number of columns of the first matrix is equal to the number of
rows of the second matrix
Example
2
(0 7 )
4 −1
1. A =
Work out the matrix 3A
…………………………
(1)
( 8 −1)
−3 9
2. B =
Work out the matrix 8B
…………………………
(1)
3. The 2 x 2 matrix I is the identity matrix.
Write down the 2 x 2 matrix I
I = …………………………
(1)
3
(0 1) (4)
2 1 3
4. A = B =
Work out the matrix AB
…………………………
(2)
(−2 −8) (−4)
−3 5 9
5. C = D =
Work out the matrix CD
…………………………
(2)
(−5) (−3 −9)
1 0 6
6. E = F =
Work out the matrix FE
…………………………
(2)
4
(0 2) (2 0)
4 1 3 1
7. A = B =
Work out the matrix AB
…………………………
(3)
(−1 5 ) ( 2 6)
4 −2 −7 0
8. C = D =
Work out the matrix CD
…………………………
(3)
5
(2 1) (−1 3 )
0 3 4 −1
9. A = B =
Work out the matrix BA
…………………………
(3)
(−2 −4)
−3 1
10. M =
Work out the matrix M²
…………………………
(3)
6
4 − 2a) ( b )
3(
a 15
11. =
Work out the values of a and b
a = …………………………
b = …………………………
(3)
12.
Work out the values of c and d
c = …………………………
d = …………………………
(3)
7
(1 −1) (3)
6 −2 4
13. A = B =
(a) Work out the matrix A²
…………………………
(3)
(b) Give a reason why it is not possible to work out B²
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
(1)
( k + 15 )
2k + 15
(c) kB = where k is a constant.
Work out the value of k
…………………………
(2)
8
(−2 8) (q)
p
=( )
3 9 9
14. A = B C =
−1
p and q are constants.
Given AB = C
Work out the values of p and q
p = …………………………
q = …………………………
(3)
(0 1 ) (0 c)
2 −1 a b
15. = I where I is the identity matrix
Work out the values of a, b and c
a = …………………………
b = …………………………
c = …………………………
(3)
9
( 5 −4) (−5 m )
−6 2 −4 −2
16. = 14 I
Work out the value of m
a = …………………………
b = …………………………
c = …………………………
(3)
(−3 2) d
( ) (−4c − 4d)
5 1 c d+6
17. Given that =
Work out the values of c and d
c = …………………………
d = …………………………
(4)
10
( 4 1) ( b ) ( a + 2 )
−2 3 a b−8
18. Given that =
Work out the values of a and b
a = …………………………
b = …………………………
(5)
(1 1)
p q
=(
4 3)
1 0
18. A = B
AB = BA
Work out the values of p and q
p = …………………………
q = …………………………
(5)
11
(2 3 ) (y) ( 8 )
3 −1 x 23
19. =
Work out the values of x and y
x = …………………………
y = …………………………
(4)
12
(x −12) (2) (5x)
2 y x 7
20. =
Work out the possible values for x and y
………………………………………..
(5)
(x 3x) ( ) (10)
1 2 x 3
21. y =
Work out the possible values for x and y
………………………………………..
(6)
13
21
3 −2 1 3 − 2 5 3 2
A = B = C = D =
4 9 0 − 1 1
2 1
− 4
(a) Calculate 5D.
[1]
(b) Circle the matrix calculation that is not possible.
BC 3C C–B AB
[1]
(c) Calculate C2.
[2]
14
2 1 3 1 4 1 1 0
16 A = B =
C =
D =
3 4 9 15 9 16 0 1
(a) Calculate 4D.
[1]
4 1
(b) Circle the matrix calculation that does not give the answer .
9 16
CD A2 DC B+D
[1]
(c) Calculate the determinant of B.
[1]
15
13
13 A restaurant serves lunch and dinner.
One day there are 50 people for lunch and 60 people for dinner.
All the people have a main course.
1
For lunch, of the people have a dessert.
5
1
For dinner, of the people have a dessert.
2
(a) Complete the matrix A to display the data for the number of people.
main
course dessert
lunch
dinner
[2]
(b) The cost of a main course in Egyptian pounds and the cost of a dessert in
Egyptian pounds are given by the column matrix B.
main course 10
dessert 6
B
The product of the matrices A and B is given by
x
AB .
y
State what the values of x and y represent.
x represents
y represents
[1]
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© UCLES 2019 2081/01/M/J/19
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Matrices - solving two simultaneous equations
One of the most important applications of matrices is to the solution of linear simultaneous equations.
On this leaflet we explain how this can be done.
Writing simultaneous equations in matrix form
Consider the simultaneous equations
x + 2y = 4
3x − 5y = 1
Provided you understand how matrices are multiplied together you will realise that these can be
written in matrix form as ! ! !
1 2 x 4
=
3 −5 y 1
Writing ! ! !
1 2 x 4
A= , X= , and B=
3 −5 y 1
we have
AX = B
This is the matrix form of the simultaneous equations. Here the only unknown is the matrix X,
since A and B are already known. A is called the matrix of coefficients.
Solving the simultaneous equations
Given
AX = B
we can multiply both sides by the inverse of A, provided this exists, to give
A−1 AX = A−1 B
But A−1 A = I, the identity matrix. Furthermore, IX = X, because multiplying any matrix by an
identity matrix of the appropriate size leaves the matrix unaltered. So
X = A−1 B
if AX = B, then X = A−1 B
This result gives us a method for solving simultaneous equations. All we need do is write them
in matrix form, calculate the inverse of the matrix of coefficients, and finally perform a matrix
multiplication.
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Example. Solve the simultaneous equations
x + 2y = 4
3x − 5y = 1
! ! !
1 2 x 4
Solution. We have already seen these equations in matrix form: = .
3 −5 y 1
!
1 2
We need to calculate the inverse of A = .
3 −5
! !
1 −5 −2 1 −5 −2
A
−1
= =−
(1)(−5) − (2)(3) −3 1 11 −3 1
Then X is given by
! !
1 −5 −2 4
X =A B = −
−1
11 −3 1 1
!
1 −22
= −
11 −11
!
2
=
1
Hence x = 2, y = 1 is the solution of the simultaneous equations.
Example. Solve the simultaneous equations
2x + 4y = 2
−3x + y = 11
! ! !
2 4 x 2
Solution. In matrix form: = .
−3 1 y 11
!
2 4
We need to calculate the inverse of A = .
−3 1
! !
1 1 −4 1 1 −4
A−1
= =
(2)(1) − (4)(−3) 3 2 14 3 2
Then X is given by
! !
1 1 −4 2
X =A B = −1
14 3 2 11
!
1 −42
=
14 28
!
−3
=
2
Hence x = −3, y = 2 is the solution of the simultaneous equations. You should check the solution
by substituting x = −3 and y = 2 into both given equations, and verifying in each case that the
left-hand side is equal to the right-hand side.
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