Bo co thc tp tt nghip

LI M U
H thng PT-TH nc ta ra i t rt sm. T khi ra i n nay, i THVN ngy cng i mi v trng thnh c nhiu ng gp vo s nghip xy dng v bo v t nc, khng nh c v th ca mnh trong lng bo ton quc, vi quy m ngy cng m rng v pht trin nn khng ch ng vai tr cung cp thng tin cho ng bo vng su, vng xa, ng bo trong nc m cn c cho kiu bo nc ngoi thng qua cc knh chng trnh VTV1 - VTV5. T c th khng nh PTTH l mt t bo, mt knh thng tin khng th thiu trong i sng x hi. L sinh vin vi chuyn ngnh in T Vin Thng ca trng HDL Hi Phng em c gii thiu v thc tp ti i PT-TH Hi Phng. y l iu rt vinh d em mang kin thc nh b ca mnh vn dng vo thc tin ti mt i c s pht trin t rt sm. Tri qua gn 55 nm hnh thnh v pht trin i PTTH Hi Phng c nhiu ng gp ng k vo s nghip xy dng v bo v t nc cng nh hon thnh xut sc nhim v chnh tr ca ng v Nh nc giao ph. Vi nhng thnh tch t c nh vy i PTTH Hi Phng rt vinh d c nh nc trao tng hun chng c lp hng Ba v nhiu hun, huy chng khc. Bc vo th k mi, thin nin k mi, ban lnh o cng vi cc cn b cng nhn vin trong i tip tc pht huy truyn thng xng ng l ngi chin s xung kch trn mt trn vn ho, t tng phc v c lc cho nhim v chnh tr, kinh t, VHXH ca ng v Nh nc giao cho UBND Thnh ph. Vi chuyn ngnh in T Vin Thng v c thc tp trung tm SXCT ca i PTTH Hi Phng em c cc c ch, anh ch trong trung tm v thy gio gip trong qu trnh thc tp cng nh hng dn em hon thnh bn bo co ca mnh.

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CHNG 1 GII THIU V I PT-TH HI PHNG

1.1.Lch s pht trin
i PT-TH Hi Phng thnh lp ngy 1/9/1956, vi tn gi i Truyn thanh Hi Phng. Nm 1978 c i tn thnh i Pht thanh Hi Phng. Nm 1984 pht chng trnh truyn hnh mu u tin trn knh 10VHF. Nm 1985, i tn thnh i Pht thanh - Truyn hnh Hi Phng. Hin nay, i Pht thanh - Truyn hnh Hi Phng c hn 200 cn b, phng vin, bin tp, k thut v nhn vin; m nhn vic pht sng chng trnh pht thanh a phng 6 gi/ngy v chuyn tip i Ting ni Vit Nam 11 gi/ngy trn sng FM tn s 93,7MHz, cng sut 10KW; Pht sng truyn hnh a phng knh 28 UHF 18 gi/ngy, ng thi chuyn tip chng trnh VTV3 trn knh 8 VHF. Thp Anten pht sng ca i c cao120m bn knh ph sng 50km, ph sng ton b thnh ph Hi Phng v mt s vng ln cn ca tnh Qung Ninh, Thi Bnh, Hi Dng, Bc Giang S lt ngi xem cc chng trnh truyn hnh Hi Phng hng ngy c khong hng triu lt ngi, s lng tivi c c trn 50 vn chic. i Pht thanh - Truyn hnh Hi Phng lun thc hin mc tiu: M rng thi lng, nng cao cht lng cc chng trnh pht thanh - truyn hnh, tng tnh hp dn, thu ht ngi nghe pht thanh, ngi xem truyn hnh; khng ngng nng cao trnh phng vin, bin tp vin, pht thanh vin, k thut vin, tng bc hin i ho thit b sn xut v pht sng cc chng trnh truyn hnh hng ngy bng bng Betacam SP. Nm 2001 i trang b thm nhiu my mc thit b cho sn xut cc chng trnh, c bit l xe truyn hnh lu ng. i Pht thanh - Truyn hnh Hi Phng thng xuyn t chc lm pht thanh trc tip, truyn hnh trc tip cc s kin thi s chnh tr, cc chng trnh vn ngh, Trc yu cu v nhim v mi ca th loi 1 cp quc gia, UBND thnh ph cho php, sng 16/5/2005 i

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Pht thanh Truyn hnh Hi Phng khi cng xy dng Trung tm PT-TH 15 tng, cng sut my 15KW, mc ph sng gp hn 3 ln so vi hin nay, a im mi ti ng Nguyn Bnh, qun Ng Quyn, vi tng vn u t hn 90 t ng. D kin s a vo s dng trong nm 2008. Chng trnh Truyn hnh Hi Phng c gii thiu trn cc bo Hi Phng, An ninh Hi Phng, Thanh nin, Tui tr, Qung Ninh, H Ni cui tun v Truyn hnh Vit Nam. C cu t chc b my gip vic Ban gim c: 1 - Ban bin tp Chng trnh 2 - Ban bin tp Thi s 3 - Ban bin tp chuyn Kinh t 4 - Ban bin tp chuyn Vn ha x hi 5 - Ban bin tp Vn ngh 6 - Ban bin tp Bn nghe i v xem truyn hnh 7 - Ban bin tp chng trnh Quc t 8 - Phng Phng vin ghi hnh 9 - Phng T liu 10 - Phng Thng tin Qung co 11 - Phng K thut sn xut Chng trnh 12 - Phng K thut truyn dn pht sng 13 - Phng K thut trung tm 14 - Phng Hnh chnh tng hp 15 - Phng K hoch Ti v 16 - Xng phim 17 - Trung tm Dch v k thut.

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Bo co thc tp tt nghip 1.2. M hnh ca i PT-TH Hi Phng

Ban lnh o

Phng hnh chnh tng hp

i.

BTCT cho PT

BTCT cho TH

Khi k thut

* Ban lnh o: gm Gim c, Ph gim c iu hnh mi cng vic ca

* Phng hnh chnh tng hp: Phng ny c chc nng v nhim v nh mt khi hu cn tham mu cho ban lnh o, xy dng kin ton b my t chc cng tc cn b, bi dng lao ng, phn cng tin lng v vic lm, tng hp bo co vn ca i v iu hnh mi cng vic trong i. * Khi bin tp gm 2 Ban l: Ban bin tp chng trnh cho pht thanh v Ban bin tp chng trnh cho truyn hnh. y l khi quan trng trong vic hnh thnh t bo in t, thc hin nhim v bin son, cc tin bi, cc s kin, cc vn din ra trong ngy, trong nc, ngoi nc cung cp thng tin mt cch nhanh nht n ngi xem. * Khi k thut: Trong qu trnh xy dng v pht trin i PTTH Hi Phng cng tc k thut lun gi vai tr quan trng v then cht, lun i u trong vic tip thu k thut tin tin, i mi quy trnh cng ngh. Khi k thut chia thnh 02 khi nh l: - K thut sn xut chng trnh truyn hnh: l cng vic thc hin thu quay hnh nh m thanh theo kch bn ca bin tp sau dng thnh mt chng trnh hon thin.

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- K thut truyn dn v pht sng: y l khi tip nhn bng ca i chng trnh ca i truyn hnh Vit Nam ri pht xong

1.3. C cu t chc ca TTKT sn xut chng trnh TH

TTSXCTTH

Phng Camera

Phng dng hnh

KT studio

Xe lu ng

Phng SXCT PT

TDPS tn hiu

*Phng camera v dng: Thc cht y l mt phng SXCTTH: tin

hnh quay cc chng trnh thi s, chuyn , hay mt chng trnh no v n to nn mt chng trnh hon thin pht trn knh 8 VHF.

* KT studio: Chuyn lm v qung co v cc chng trnh vn ngh * Xe lu ng: Chuyn lm cc chng trnh truyn hnh trc tip * Phng sn xut chng trnh PT: Chuyn lm v sn xut cc chng
trnh pht thanh pht sng t 11h - 12h cc ngy th 2, 5, 7 hng tun vi tn s sng pht FM93,7 MHz.

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CHNG 2 S U NI CC PHNG DNG

2.1. S u ni trong phng dng tuyn tnh 2.1.1.Nhim v ca phng dng tuyn tnh
L phng dng cc chng trnh nh: + Thi s + Phng s + Vn ho x hi + Gii thiu phim + Lm hnh mc ..

2.1.2. S

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Phng dng tuyn tnh gm: - 2 my pht : UVW 1600P - 1 my ghi : UVW 1800P - 1 bn dng: PVE- 850 - 1 Bn k so :DFS-300P - 1 bn Mix m thanh:VRP- S200 - 1 TASCAM - 4 Monitor - 1 my tnh dng bn ch - 1 CAMERA BETA CAM km mt CCU - 1 mirco - 1 DVD ghi v pht tn hiu a DVD,VCD,CD * Dy tn + dy iu khin 9 pin dng iu khin cc VTR v bn k so + Jack BNC dn tn hiu video v audio cho cc thit b + Jack canon dn tn hiu audio CH1 CH2 cho cc VTR va MIC + dy dn tn hiu ng b cho cc thit b

2.2.S u ni phng dng phi tuyn 2.2.1. Nhim v ca phng dng phi tuyn
+ Nhim v chnh ca phng dng l lm cc hnh mc ca cc chng trnh ca i + Lm cc chng trnh c k so kh m cc bn k so tuyn tnh khng lm c + a cc thng tin v truyn hnh cng nh cc thng tin ca I tnh hnh kinh t ca Hi Phng ln mng internet bng trang web ca i + a lch pht sng ca i ln mng ngi xem c th bit c thi gian pht sng cc trng trnh
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+ Cc thng tin qua trang web c cp nht thng ngy chnh v vy m phng dng phi tuyn ng vai tr quan trng lm ln mt chng trnh phong ph v thng tin cng nh giao din cc chng trnh n cho ngi xem

2.2.2 S phng dng phi tuyn

Cc thit b trong phng dng phi tuyn:

Phn cng:
- My in (canon) LBP - 1120 (USER SOF + WARE) - My qut (SCAN) UMAX POWER LOOK 2100 x L - Card tager 3000, my ch IBM work station MPro, h thng loa, Creativeinspire 5.1 - VTRR: Betacam PVW 2800P; 1 monitor Anaky + Moniter cho PC (c kh nng chia mn hnh)

Phn mm:

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- Drive cart tagar T3K stoftwave - Avid Liquid 7.0 phn mm dng hnh - Im presion DVD 2.1 to chng trnh ghi ra a DVD v VCD - Adobe 6.5 dng b xung cc k xo - Ngoi ra cn cc phn mm khc h tr cho cng tc dng hnh, ho, v vt th trong khng gian

CHNG 3 THIT B TRONG TTSXCT TRUYN HNH

3.1. Thit b PVW-2800P
PVW -2800P l thit b chuyn dng c cht lng cao s dng c k thut x l tn hiu tng t v tn hiu s. My ny c s dng lm my ghi li cc chng trnh truyn hnh trc tip hoc lm cc chng trnh khc.

3.1.1. Mt trc ca my recorder PVW- 2800P

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Bo co thc tp tt nghip 3.1.2.Mt sau ca my PVW- 2800P

3.2.Thit b UVW1800P 3.2.1.Gii thiu s lc v thit b BETACAM UVW-1800P

Cng nh thit b DVCPRO, thit b BETACAM SP UVW-1800P l mt trong nhng thit b chuyn dng dng trong cc trung tm sn xut chng trnh ca hng sony. y l mt thit b chuyn dng cht lng cao s dng c cc k thut x l tn hiu tng t v s l tn hiu s .UVW -1800P kt hp vi UVW-1600P, REMOSTE PVE-500, Mixer Video DFS-300 to thnh mt b dng hon ho. Thit b ny c th kt ni ng b vi cc thit b dng hnh khc cc hng khc nh : panasonic, JVC ... Trn mt my UVW c thit k vi cc chc nng iu khin Video, Audio thun li cho vic quan st v iu chnh .

3.2.2.Mt trc ca thit b UVW-1800P

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3.2.3.Mt sau ca thit b UVW-1800P

3.3.Thit b DME switcher DFS-300

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Thit b k so s DFS -300 l mt h thng a k so s, c th to ra nhiu cc k xo v hnh nh cht lng cao. H thng bao gm mt bn iu khin v mt khi x l . Khi s l c y cc u vo s thnh phn vi cc u ra v u vo SDI, c th ghp ni vi cc h thng nh: cung cp DVC PRO, DV CAM, BETACAM ... giao tip vi cc bn iu khin dng: cung cp cng iu khin cho php giao tip vi cc bn iu khin dng: PVE-500, AG- A850... kt ni ng b ngoi cho php dng chnh xc hn, d dng thao tc cho cc chng trnh trc tip. Cung cp cc chc nng chn hnh nh, k t, ho: Chroma key, Downstream key... ng thi cc chc nng sa mu, chnh mu ... cc k so t to ca ngi s dng v b nh chng trnh vi 99 Snap Shot.

3.4 Thit b DSR-1500/ DSR-1500P.

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CHNG 4 CNG NGH SN XUT CHNG TRNH THI S

4.1. Quy trnh chung sn xut mt chng trnh
Trc tin y l mt m hnh chung cho tt c cc i t TW n cc i tnh, a phng thc hin hon thnh 1 chng trnh. M hnh

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BT o din

Duyt chng trnh

iu sn xut

Sn xut tin k
ctth trc tip

Sn xut hu k

K thut

Pht sng

+ BTD: Xy dng CTTH & BTD cn l 2 sng tc da theo 1 kch bn vn hc c sn xy dng nn kch bn truyn hnh (Phng s chuyn , vn ngh, phim truyn hnh ). Cc ni dung trn c th hin di dng kch bn phi cnh. + Duyt chng trnh: Kim tra thc hin khu ny nhm mc ch trnh sai st lng ph trong vic sn xut chng trnh truyn hnh. + iu sn xut: y alf khi cung cp cc thit b my mc, nhn lc a im. i vi tng ni dung kch bn m thit b c phn chia ra nh: - Thit b lu ng: dng cho chng trnh truyn hnh trc tip, thit b ny phi gn nh d dch chuyn. - Thit b trong Studio: thit b ny thng cng knh. - V nhn lc: Gm KTV camera, KTV nh sng, KTV VTR. Ty theo tng chng trnh m ngi ta s chn a im thch hp. + SX tin k: Tin hnh quay chng trnh theo ni quy kch bn.

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- Sn phm ca khu SX tin k s l: 1 chng trnh truyn hnh trc tip hoc bng chng trnh c a ti khu sn xut hu k x l tip. + SX hu k: y l khu thc hin nhim v cui cng hon thin 1 chng trnh truyn hnh phi lm nhng cng vic nh xem bng phn cnh theo a ch ca cc cnh trn bng xy dng kch bn dng. + Kim tra: y l khu khng th thiu bi v n trnh s sai st, h hng + Pht sng: khu ny c nhim v t tn hiu ghi trn bng t ri qua my pht, pht sng in t ra khng gian.

4.2.Cc bc cng ngh sn xut

Trc tin ta thy khi dng 1 chng trnh thi s l nhng thng tin cp nht nht c s chnh xc cao, do vy m ngi dng phi chn phng php dng l gy n tng, chn hnh nh tt, cnh t thc t v chn nhiu gc quay khc nhau, hn ch thp nht s dng k xo, khi dng th chn kiu dng khp ui.

4.2.1. Cng ngh sn xut TSQT

- c im: y l mt chng trnh khi s c s thu ht cao thng tin i hi chnh xc cao, hnh nh ca chng trnh cng thng c thu nhp qua cc hng truyn hnh, qua in thoi, cp hoc Internet (gi tt l ban khai thc chng trnh). - Cc bc cng ngh: Bc 1: Thc hin thu hnh nh v m thanh qua v tinh, cp quang hay mt knh truyn hnh no . Bc 2: Ghi hnh nh v m thanh vo bng nhp Bc 3: Xem nhp v dch li sang ting Vit. Bc 4: Dng li v ghi tn hiu vo bng chng trnh Bc 5: Tin hnh lm hu k ting, ghi vo bng chng trnh

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Ch : i vi bc 5 th ngi k thut vin lun phi ch ch dng l Insert + A1 + (A2), khi th phi tin hnh iu chnh mc ting khi ghi sao cho mc ting ca li bnh ln hn so vi mc ting gc.

can ptv

mgt

A A

mix out audio

in in

vtrr (bng ct)

vtr

t v tinh

phng thu

ban khai thc

vtrr

sn phm l bng nhp

4.2.2. Cng ngh SXCTTS trong nc

+ c im: Chng trnh thi s trong nc l chng trnh quan trng a thng tin nhanh nht chnh xc nht n ngi xem do yu cu ca chng trnh ny l phi bm st cc s kin chnh tr, kinh t x hi phi thit lp 1 h thng thng tin cht ch chnh xc cao nn hnh nh quay v hnh nh dng phi la chn c nhiu gc ghi hnh mt cch chung thc khng lm dng cc th php k xo, khng dng cc hnh nh mt nt chn la hnh nh cha ng nhiu
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thng tin, tit tu dng phi nhanh cn v mt m thanh th khng c nhc m ch yu l li bnh. + Thnh phn ca cc chng trnh thi s gm: Tin TH & phng s: Tin truyn hnh gm tin vn tin su tin tng hp phng s: phng s ngn phng s chuyn , phng s iu tra. + Cc bc cng ngh SXTTTH: B1: Chun b kch bn B2: Tin hnh quay B3: Thu nhn cc thng tin qua phng tin truyn ti B4: Xem nhp B5: Dng chng trnh B6: Pht sng + Cc bc cng ngh SXCT phng s:

M hnh:

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Hnh 1

cam

A v

(Bng) vtrr Fo

vtrr1

A v

vtrr2
Hnh 2

A v

cc tb out dng out

A v

in in

vtrr

9 pin

bn dng

9 pin

Vout

m btv

A A

mix audio

vtrr

vtr

vtr

Hnh 3

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B1: Chun b v mt bin tp v k thut B2: Tin hnh quay chng trnh. C th quay ti Studio hoc ngoi tri (Hnh 1) B3: Xem nhp v la chn hnh nh B4: Tin hnh dng chng trnh nh (Hnh 2) B5: Lm hu k ting nh (Hnh 3) Khi lm hu k ting th ta lun chn ch dng l Insert A1 hoc A2 th tin hnh ghi ting li bnh th phi iu chnh mc ting sao cho li bnh phi ln hn mc ting gc, phi thu trong phng cch m. Ch : Trong qu trnh dng th ta phi t ch cc chuyn mch sao cho ph hp nu l ch Internet th bng ghi phi lun c xung khi c phng vn th c th t 2 ch l ASSEMBLE hoc Insert + A1 + A2 chn kiu dng khp ui

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KT LUN
Qu trnh thc tp ti i pht thanh v truyn hnh Hi Phng gip em hiu bit thm v thc tin vn dng kin thc trng hc cng nh vic hc hi nhng kinh nghim thc t, t em hiu r hn v quy m t chc, cng nh chc nng nhim v ca cc phng ban, cc bc tin hnh lm mt chng trnh truyn hnh. Qua nhng cng vic thc t em thy r s quan trng trong vic kt hp gia l thuyt v thc hnh. Qu trnh thc tp ti PT-TH Hi Phng khng ch gip em hc hi m qua y em cn c s nhn nhn ton din hn v lnh vc pht thanh v truyn hnh, c bit l truyn hnh. c s gip nhit tnh ca cc ch,cc bc,cc anh.ch cn b k thut ca i PT-TH Hi Phng v s hng dn ch bo ca thy gio Th.S Nguyn Huy Dng em hc hi v tip thu c rt nhiu. Ngoi nhng kin thc c hc v nghin cu ti trng em cn tip thu v hc hi c rt nhiu nhng kinh nghim hay, mi m m trc em cha c c hi c bit n. Trong qu trnh thc tp do cn thiu nhiu kinh nghim thc t nn khng th trnh khi nhng khim khuyt, sai st v vy em mong c s ch bo gp ca cc c, ch, anh, ch trong Trung tm SXCTTH ca i PT - TH Hi Phng v cc thy c trng. Mt ln na em xin chn thnh cm n ban lnh o i PT - TH Hi Phng, cc c, ch, anh, ch trong Trung tm SXCTTH Hi Phng v thy gio Th.S Nguyn Huy Dng to iu kin cho em thc tp v hon thnh bn bo co. Em xin chn thnh cm n!

Hi Phng, ngy 28 thng 3 nm 2011

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MC LC Tn mc Trang

Li m u........................................................................................................1 CHNG 1:Gii thiu v i PT-TH Hi Phng............................................2 1.1.Lch s pht trin........................................................................................2 1.2. M hnh ca i PT-TH Hi Phng...........................................................4 1.3. C cu t chc ca TTKT sn xut chng trnh TH..........................................5 CHNG 2:S U NI CC PHNG DNG..................................6 2.1. S u ni trong phng dng tuyn tnh..............................................6 2.1.1. Nhim v ca phng dng tuyn tinh.....................................................6 2.1.2. S .......................................................................................................6 2.2. S u ni phng dng phi tuyn.........................................................7 2.2.1. Nhim v ca phng dng phi tuyn......................................................7 2.2.2. S phng dng phi tuyn...................................................................9 CHNG 3: THIT B TRONG TTSXCT TRUYN HNH........................9 3.1. Thit b PVW2800P...................................................................................9 3.1.1. Mt trc ca my recorder PVW- 2800P.............................................9 3.1.2. Mt sau ca my PVW- 2800P..............................................................10 3.2. Thit b UVW1800P.................................................................................10 3.2.1. Gii thiu s lc v thit b BETACAM UVW-1800P.......................10 3.2.2. Mt trc ca thit b UVW-1800P.......................................................10 3.2.3. Mt sau ca thit b UVW-1800P..........................................................11 3.3. Thit b DME switcher DFS-300..............................................................11 3.4 . Thit b DSR-1500/ DSR-1500P.........................12 CHNG 4: CNG NGH SN XUT CHNG TRNH THI S......13 4.1. Quy trnh chung sn xut mt chng trnh.............13 4.2. Cc bc cng ngh sn xut..................15

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4.2.1. Cng ngh sn xut TSQT................15 4.2.2. Cng ngh SXCTTS trong nc...............16

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