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Introduction Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri Current chapter introduces two additional methods of analysis. .amF r Method of impulse and momentum: directly relates force, Method of work and energy: directly relates force, mass, = r

mass, velocity, and time. velocity and displacement. solved through the fundamental equation of motion, Previously, problems dealing with the motion of particles Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri akademik. peserta kuliah Dinamika Partikel TMS-210 yang dapat diunduh Bahan ajar ini dipakai di lingkungan sendiri dan disediakan 2010. Engineering Mechanics: Dynamics, 12 Ed., Prentice Hall, New

were dari portal secara gratis bagi Jersey,

/3/. Hibbeler, R.C. Engineering Mechanics: Dynamics, 6th. Ed., John Wiley, 2008. /2/. Meriam, J.L.; Kraige, L.G. Mechanics for Engineer: Dynamics, 5th Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 2008 /1/. Beer, F.P.; Johnston, E.R. seperti tercantum berikut ini: kepada pengalaman penulis serta merujuk kepada beberapa buku standar mahasiswa Jurusan Teknik Mesin Universitas Andalas yang berdasarkan Bahan ajar ini dibuat untuk memenuhi kebutuhan bahan bacaan bagi para Unand LDS 6 210 TMS Unand LDS 6 210 TMS

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Contents Mulyadi Bur Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri A N D A L A S U N I V E R S I T Y S t r u c t u r a l D y n a m i c s L a b o r a t o r y DYNAMICS Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri Sample Problem 13.3 Sample Problem 13.2 Sample Problem 13.1 Power and Efficiency Applications of the Principle of Work & Energy Principle of Work & Energy Work of a Force Introduction ENGINEERING MECHANICS Unand LDS 6 210 TMS Unand LDS 6 210 TMS( ) Work of a force during a finite displacement, Work of a Force

zyx ++= dzFdyFdxF displacement. Differential vector is the particle rd r a 1 ( ) zyx t

++= dzFdyFdxF 1 s

2 2 s

a 6/22

proportional to deflection, Magnitude of the force exerted by a spring is Work of a Force plotted against s. Work is represented by the area under the 1 == cos dsFdsF A A 2 1 = rdF r

r 2 s s A A t curve of F 21

Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri Unand LDS 6 210 TMS

Work of a constant force in rectilinear motion, 5/22 Dimensions of work are force. length Work of a Force ( ) ( )( ) J 1.356lb1ftm 1N 1 J 1 ==joule magnitude and sign but not direction. Work is a scalar quantity, i.e., it has cos ( ) xFU D= dsF = = rdFdU r a 8/22 negative of area under curve of F plotted against x, Work of the force exerted by the spring is equal to , i.e., when the spring is returning to Work of the force exerted by spring is positive 2 2

2 1

1 2

21

( ) xFFU D+-= its undeformed position. 2 1 Work of the force exerted by spring, ( ) 2 1 1 x -=-= 2

21 kxkxdxkxU x 1 21 2 < x -=-= when x dxkxdxFdU lb/in.or N/mconstant spring = = k kxF Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri Unand LDS 6 210 TMS

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i.e., when the weight moves down. Work of the weight is positive when Dy < 0, weight W and vertical displacement Dy.

Work of the weight is equal to product of 12 ( ) D-=--= yWyyW dyW dyW dzFdyFdxFdU Work of the force of gravity, cos r

1 y 2 y zyx -= -= ++= 21 21 U Units are Work of the force is Work of a Force Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri Unand LDS 6 210 TMS Unand LDS 6 210 TMS= 0): Work of a Force Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri Forces which do not do work (ds = 0 or cos a 12/22 Forces which do no work are eliminated from All quantities are scalars and can be added expression for acceleration and integrating. Force acts normal to path and does no Wish to determine velocity of pendulum bob 10/22 Velocity found without determining 2 2 glv

v 2 g W 2 1 = 2 =+ Wl the problem. 0 2211 =+ directly. TUT P r work. . Consider work & kinetic energy. 2 at A

Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri Applications of the Principle of Work and Energy horizontally. weight of a body when its center of gravity moves reaction at a roller moving along its track, and moves along surface, reaction at frictionless surface when body in contact reaction at frictionless pin supporting rotating body, Unand LDS 6 210 TMS Unand LDS 6 210 TMS

11/22 The work of the force energykineticmvTTTU 9/22

is equal to the change in

== JmNm Units of work and kinetic energy are the same:

ds dv mv 12 r dt dv Mm G ==-= 1 2

2 mvmvdvvmdsF dvmvdsF dt 2 ds s m kg 2 1 ds dv r kinetic energy of the particle. Mm m tt mmaF Gdr dr

2 1 2 , = == == 2 2 r to A Mm t Consider a particle of mass m acted upon by 2 1 Integrating from A

Energy r Mm F r G 1 r -=-= 2 v -== 2 = 2 F r

2 1 s m

kg v r force -=-= 1221 1

21 GFdrdU t U s 2 2

2 == mvT 1

1 2 path shown), occupies fixed position O while particle m follows Work of a gravitational force (assume particle M s Work of a Force Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri Particle Kinetic Energy: Principle of Work & Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri Unand LDS 6 210 TMS Unand LDS 6 210 TMSW746 s lbft 550 hp 1or s m N 1 dt rdF r

s J r Power and Efficiency Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri 1 (watt) W 1 =

inputpower outputpower input work koutput wor efficiency === Units for power are Dimensions of power are work/time or force*velocity. vF r = r dt == dU =

= = =h 16/22

ft 418=x 14/22

( ) =- 0lb1151lbft481000 x

2211 =+ TUT ( ) ( ) ( )( ) xx lb1151 5sinlb4000lb1500 -= +-= 21 equal the kinetic energy change. Determine the distance required for the work to Sample Problem 13.1 Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri ( )( ) lbft481000882.324000 sft88 U 2 s 3600 h

mi 2 1 ft 5280

1 2 h mi 2 === =

22 == Tv 00

1 60

Evaluate the change in kinetic energy. SOLUTION: Power = rate at which work is done. 1 mvT

1 v

Unand LDS 6 210 TMS Unand LDS 6 210 TMS

15/22 required for the work to equal 13/22 the kinetic energy change. , Determine the distance Evaluate the change in 2

3 W kinetic energy. l gl 2 SOLUTION: g =+= W l 2 2 Sample Problem 13.1 v WP g W =WP nn = amF As the bob passes through A application of Newton s second law.

of work and energy with an requires supplementing the method Calculating the tension in the cord acceleration of the pendulum bob. be applied to directly determine the incline at a speed of Principle of work and energy cannot Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri automobile as it comes to a stop. Determine the distance traveled by the causing a constant total breaking force 60 mi/h when the brakes are applied driven down a 5 o An automobile weighing 4000 lb is Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri = 2 of 1500 lb. glv 2 Applications of the Principle of Work and Energy Unand LDS 6 210 TMS Unand LDS 6 210 TMS2

2 ( ) ( )( ) ( ) kg200m2N490m2 vF 2

1 2 AAC 1 ( ) =( ) ( ) m2m20

vmFF N490N196225.0 2211 ( )( ) 2

: TUT WNF N1962sm81.9kg200 C =-+ =+ AkAkA m

m ( )( ) ==== == A W to blocks A and B. Apply the principle of work and energy separately SOLUTION: Sample Problem 13.2 for the velocity. cable forces cancel. Solve combined, the work of the When the two relations are blocks A and B. and energy separately to Apply the principle of work SOLUTION: Sample Problem 13.2 Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri weightless and frictionless. = 0.25 and that the pulley is m 20/22 unknown in the relation is the and energy for the rebound of compressed and the velocity is and energy between the initial 18/22 2 velocity at the final position.

the package. The only Apply the principle of work the relation is the friction zero. The only unknown in which the spring is fully position and the point at Apply the principle of work 2 ( ) ( )( ) ( ) kg300m2N2940m2 vF 2 1

2 BBc 1

coefficient. SOLUTION: ( ) ( ) m2m20 vmWF 2 Sample Problem 13.3 : 2211 TUT N2940sm81.9kg300 c =+=+=+ == B W

Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri passes again through the position shown. and (b) the velocity of the package as it friction between the package and surface Determine (a) the coefficient of kinetic is 40 mm. and the maximum deflection of the spring a velocity of 2.5 m/s in the position shown compressed 120 mm. The package has

and is held by cables so that it The spring has a constant k = 20 which is sliding on a horizontal A spring is used to stop a 60 kg Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri Unand LDS 6 210 TMS Unand LDS 6 210 TMS

is initially kN/m surface. package

19/22 2 sm 43.4=v ( )( ) ( )( ) ( ) v When the two relations are combined, the work 17/22 2 2 2 ( ) v

2 kg500J 4900 1 2 kg300kg200m2N490m2N2940 1 2 ( ) ( )( ) ( ) kg300m2N2940m2 vF 1 2 ( ) ( )( ) ( ) kg200m2N490m2 vF 1 = +==-

c =+C velocity. of the cable forces cancel. Solve for the Sample Problem 13.2 Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri k the plane is coefficient of friction between block A and A after it has moved 2 m. Assume that the from rest, determine the velocity of block cable as shown. If the system is released Two blocks are joined by an inextensible Unand LDS 6 210 TMS Unand LDS 6 210 TMS( ) ( ) ( ) J112J377 3 2

ef ( ) 2 1

3 2

2 1

+= J36.5 k 323232 +-=+=

UUU m 32 kg600 vmvTT === rebound of the package. Apply the principle of work and energy for the Sample Problem 13.3 ( )( )( ) ( ) kk m 2 ( )( ) 0J5.187sm5.2kg60 2

2 1

k 1 2 m -=-= J377m640.0sm81.9kg60 2

-= m sm103.1 3 =v 3 2 ( ) v

2 kg60J5.360 : 1 =+ 3322 =+ TUT

k ( ) ( ) ( ) J112J377 ef 212121 --=+= UUU m LDS

20.0= k m

=( )( ) J0.112m040.0N3200N2400 maxmin ( ) ( ) ( )( ) N3200m160.0mkN20 k ( ) m 22/22

Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri Unand 6 210 TMS

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0J112J 377-J5.187 : 2211 ( )( ) N2400m120.0mkN20 2 -=+-= 1 2 D+-= 1 =+ 2 1

TUT e ( ) f

( ) xWU 1 21 0max ==D+= 0min === 21 ==== TmvT compressed. position and the point at which spring is fully xPPU xxkP kxP Apply principle of work and energy between initial SOLUTION: Sample Problem 13.3 Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri Unand LDS 6 210 TMS