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The monetary value of an entity at the end of an time period minus the monetary value of that same entity at the beginning of that time period. 2. For a company, after-tax earnings minus the opportunity cost of capital. As with any other entity, economic value added essentially measures how much more valuable a company has become during a given time period.
in the business. It different ways economic value added calculation can be done. They are, Different types of Economic Value Added (EVA) Formula are: 1. EVA = NOPAT - C* x CAPITAL. 2. EVA = CAPITAL (r-c*) 3.EVA = [PAT + INT (1-t)] - C* CAPITAL 4.EVA = PAT- Kc EQUITY Where, NOPAT = Net Operating Profit After Tax. C*= Cost of Capital CAPITAL= Economic book value of the capital invested in the firm. r= return on capital (NOPAT/CAPITAL) PAT=Profit After Tax. INT+ interest expense of the firm. t=Marginal tax rate of the firm. Kc= Cost of equity. EQUITY= Equity utilized in the firm. Important Features and Advantages of EVA Approach:
It acts as performance measure which is linked to share holder value creation in all directions. It is useful in providing business knowledge to everyone. It is an efficient method for communicating to investors. It transforms the accounting information into economic quality which can be easily understood by non financial managers. It is useful in evaluating Net Present Value(NPV) of projects in capital budgeting which is contradictory to IRR. Instead of writing the value of firm in terms of discounted cash flow, it can be expressed in terms of EVA of projects.