VPE, Values Potential Error

A. Introduction The quality determination of systems in the forms of process, activity, product or service requires analysis and sampling system to represents the systems quality. There are developing various sampling techniques and rules these days in order to fulfill the requirements of systems quality analysis. Some of those sampling techniques and rules are on targets and representative or the opposite. There are also some that are not on target but representative or on target but not representative or not at all in getting on target and being representative. In order to get on the target then the sampling should be done upon segments/ aspects that have strong correlation with the to be determined quality characteristics. In order to be representative then there should be proper determination of sampling point numbers and probably also sistematic intervals between one sampling point to the others that is sufficient for system analyst requirements. Proper sampling is the sampling with representativity level that produce the most minimum level of complaint related to focused quality characteristics by related parties. In this case, it must be understood that the ideal expectation related to sampling and analysis is to produce zero complaint level upon focused quality characteristics. The determination of Values Potential Error (VPE) is a method that can direct the system analysts considerations in determine sampling points and sampling representativity. Related references to this VPE method are: 1. Sunanda, Aries, Topics of Quality, Hazard Identification and Control for Continuous Improvement and Decision Taking, Delivered Training Hands Out, PT. Prasadha Pamunah Limbah Industri, 2009. 2. Munir, Rinaldi, Matematika Diskrit,Buku Teks Ilmu Komputer, Edisi ke-3, Penerbit Informatika, Bandung, 2005. 3. Walpole, Ronald E., Pengantar Statistika, Edisi ke-3, Penerbit PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama, Jakarta, 1995. 4. Normdist Function of MS Excell 2002 [(10.6501.6626)SP3].

B. Values Potential Error (VPE) Theory

We have numeric value system in which each values has its own factorials. Those values factorials in each own are independently having the probability of rightness value of 100% (score=1) on one side and having the probability of error value of 0% (score=0) at the other side. As an example, from existing values, it is taken the value of 20. This 20 value is having the scores of rightness value probabilities in cumulatively starting from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, to 20 or in other words the probabilites of that the 20 is truly has the 20 value are 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% dan 100%. In this case there are 21 probabilities of rightness value that are different for the value of 20 in which their occurrence probabilities can be derived by using the NORMDIST function of MS EXcell 2002. General equation of to have the occurrence probability of the probability of being have totally wrong value of existing values is as follows :

VPE, Potential Error (in %) of a value of N = 55.27xN1.1151

The VPE applies for one by one sampling system (100% representativity) that oftenly difficult to be done. For random or systematic sampling system with the representativity less than 100% then it is necessary to determine the proportion of calculated %Error resulting from the sampling if it is being converted to sampling system with 100% representativity based on VPE Method. The convertion result that shows values at below the VPE value can be meant as success of process controlling and the opposite is showing the failure of process controlling.

C. Practical Things from VPE VPE is an ideal theoretical calculation method. Practical things that can be taken from VPE are as follow : 1. Sampling with systematic intervals will be more reliable on its result compared to random sampling with the same sample numbers. This is by remembering that there are calculated % Error proportion from the sampling that can be compared to VPE. 2. Sampling interval of systematic sampling that consistently being applied to continuous/ discontinuous systems will give results that van be more reliable in generally. This is by remembering that there are calculated % Error proportion from the sampling that can be compared to VPE.

3. The representativity of sampling during system start up is as high as possible to reach 100% and after the start up, for efficiency, it can be lower of the representativity until reacing the minimum complaint numbers related to the system that can be accepted by related parties.

D. Closing VPE method is a sampling system modeling that can directs the considerations of system analyst in determine sampling points and sampling representativity. By the way the main focus is still on the achievement of minimum complaint in relation with the system that can be accepted by related parties.

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