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Disadvantages:
Inconvenient for patients.
The absorption of drugs is frequently irregular
& difficult to predict.
Factors affecting the absorption
of drug from rectum:
Rectal semisolids:
Rectal cream, gels and ointments-
These preparations are used for topical application to the
perianal area for insertion within the anal canal. They largely
are used to treat local conditions of anorectal pruritis,
inflammation and the pain and discomfort associated with
hemorrhoids.
Water soluble
Myrj 51 39-42 39
Tween 61 35-49 —
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Several commercial suppository products:
DULCOLAX - CIBA ( bisacodyl )
CANASA - AXAN SCANDIPHARM ( mesalamine )
NUMORPHAN - ENDO ( oxymorphane )
ANUSOL HC - WARNER_LAMBERT ( hydrocortisone )
PANADOL
Fig. DIFFERENT TYPES OF SUPPOSITORIES
Rectal liquids:
Rectal suspensions, emulsions & solutions
Solutions, suspensions, or retention enemas represent rectal
dosage forms with very limited application, largely due to
inconvenience of use and poor patient compliance.
In many cases, these formulations are utilized to administer
contrast media and imaging agents for lower GI roentgenography.
Although drug absorption from solutions has been shown to
exceed that from solid suppositories in some cases so this
particular administration route is only infrequently employed.
This dosage forms are mainly used as enemas
Retention enema: For systemic or local effect this is used. The
drugs like hydrocortisone (local effect) or aminophylline (systemic
effect) etc are used in this dosage form.
Evacuation enema: For cleansing of bowel this enemas are used.
The agents are sodium phosphate and sodium biphosphate,
glycerin and doccusate potassium and light mineral oil.
Applicators or inserts for rectal liquids
There are several types of applicators available as follow-
Bubble insert, squeeze insert.
Fig. Rectal liquid inserts
RECTAL AEROSOLS:
Rectal aerosols or foams-
Rectal aerosol foam products are also accompanied by
applicators to facilitate administration.
Insomnia
Pentobarbital 30-200
Chloral hydrate 325-650
Promethazine 12.5-50
Tranquilizer
Chlorpromazine 25-100
Prochlorperazine 2.5-25
Bronchodilator
Aminophylline 105
Antiemetic
Thiethylperazine 10
Trimethobenzamide 100-200
Hyperkalemia
Polystyrene sulfonate 1250b
Portal-systemic encephalopathy
Lactulose Variablec
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CONCLUSION
In certain areas of the world, particularly some European
countries and Japan, rectal dosage forms are somewhat
more accepted by the patient population and, hence,
development of rectal dosage forms has surpassed that in
other countries.