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    29 views10 pages

    CAPE Pure Maths Unit 2 Paper 2 - 2012

    Uploaded by

    Kevin Surajbally
    frrr

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 10

    LANDFORMS

    DEFINE LANDFORM
    • A landform is a feature on the Earth's surface that is part
    of the terrain. Mountains, hills, plateaus, and plains are
    the four major types of landforms. Minor landforms
    include canyons, valleys, and basins.
    • Tectonic plate movement under the Earth can create
    landforms by pushing up mountains and hills. Erosion by
    water and wind can wear down land and create
    landforms like valleys and canyons. Both processes
    happen over a long period of time, sometimes millions of
    years.
    MOUNTAINS
    • A mountain is a large landform that stretches above the
    surrounding land in a limited area, usually in the form of
    a peak. A mountain is generally steeper than
    a hill. Mountains are formed through tectonic
    forces or volcanism. These forces can locally raise the
    surface of the earth. Mountains erode slowly through the
    action of rivers, weather conditions, and glaciers. A few
    mountains are isolated summits, but most occur in
    huge mountain ranges.
    VOLCANO
    • Mud volcano or mud dome refers to formations created
    by geo-exuded mud or slurries, water and gases. There
    are several geological processes that may cause the
    formation of mud volcanoes. Mud volcanoes are not
    true igneous volcanoes as they produce no lava. The
    earth continuously exudes a mud-like substance, which
    may sometimes be referred to as a "mud volcano". Mud
    volcanoes may range in size from merely 1 or 2 meters
    high and 1 or 2 meters wide, to 700 meters high and 10
    kilometers wide.
    HILL
    • A hill is a piece of land that rises higher than everything
    surrounding it. It looks like a little bump in the Earth. Since
    they are higher than everything around them, hills are
    good places to get a nice view.
    • Hills are easier to climb than mountains. Hills are also
    formed because of erosion, which happens when bits
    of rock, soil, and sediment get washed away and placed
    in a pile somewhere else. Hills can be destroyed by
    erosion, as material is worn away by wind and water. Hills
    can also be created by erosion, as material from other
    areas is deposited near the hill, causing it to grow. A
    mountain may become a hill if it is worn down by erosion.
    WATERFALL
    • A waterfall is a river or other body of water's steep fall
    over a rocky ledge into a plunge pool below. Waterfalls
    are also called cascades. The process of erosion, the
    wearing away of earth, plays an important part in the
    formation of waterfalls. Waterfalls themselves also
    contribute to erosion. Often, waterfalls form as streams
    flow from soft rock to hard rock. This happens both
    laterally as a stream flows across the earth and as the
    stream drops in a waterfall. In both cases, the soft rock
    erodes, leaving a hard ledge over which the stream falls.
    ISLAND
    • An island is a body of land surrounded by water. Continents
    are also surrounded by water, but because they are so big,
    they are not considered islands. Australia, the smallest
    continent, is more than three times the size of Greenland, the
    largest island. There are countless islands in the ocean, lakes,
    and rivers around the world. They vary greatly in size, climate,
    and the kinds of organisms that inhabit them.
    • There are six major kinds of islands:
    • continental
    • tidal
    • barrier
    • oceanic
    • coral
    • artificial
    BAY
    • A bay is a body of water partially surrounded by land. A
    bay is usually smaller and less enclosed than a gulf. The
    mouth of the bay, where meets the ocean or lake, is
    typically wider than that of a gulf. Bays can also be
    called lagoons, sounds, and bights. Bays are also formed
    when the ocean overflows a coastline.
    RIVER
    • A river is a large natural stream of water flowing in a
    channel to the sea, a lake, or another river.
    • Rivers form when flowing water from precipitation or
    springs flows over land and accumulates in existing low
    points in the topography, eroding it and forming a
    riverbed

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