PRESENTED BY ANUTOSH KR. ROY (09101016008) AMIT KR. GHOSH (09101016004) ANJAN KR. DAN (09101016006) CHOWDHURY MD.

ASIF (09101016017)

Introduction of Protective Relays Comparison with CB & FUSES

Discussion about protection with Protective Relays

Conclusion

There is no fault free system. It is neither practical nor economical to build a fault free system. Electrical system shall tolerate certain degree of faults. Usually faults are caused by breakdown of insulation due to various reasons: system aging, lighting, etc.

Relays are electrical switches that open or close another circuit under certain conditions.

Isolate controlling circuit from controlled circuit. Control high voltage system with low voltage. Control high current system with low current. Logic Functions

Electromagnetic Relays (EMRs)

Solid-state Relays (SSRs)

There is no mechanical contacts to switch the circuit.

Microprocessor Based Relays

Commonly used in power system monitoring and protection.

Electromagnetic Relays (EMRs) Simplicity Not expensive

Solid-state Relays (SSRs) No Mechanical movements Faster than EMR

Microprocessor-based Relay Much higher precision and more reliable and durable. Capable of both digital and analog I/O. Higher cost

Detect system failures when they occur and isolate the faulted section from the remaining of the system. Mitigating the effects of failures after they occur. Minimize risk of fire, danger to personal and other high voltage systems.

majority are phase-to-ground faults phase-to-phase phase-phase-phase double-phase-to-ground

Circuit Breakers V.S. Relays Relays are like human brain; circuit breakers are like human muscle. Relays make decisions based on settings. Relays send signals to circuit breakers. Based the sending signals circuit breakers will open/close.

Fuses V.S. Relays Relays have different settings and can be set based on protection requirements. Relays can be reset. Fuses only have one specific characteristic for a individual type. Fuses cannot be reset but replaced if they blow.

PROTECTION WITH RELAY:

1.MOTOR PROTECTION 2.TRANSFORMER PROTECTION 3.GENERATOR PROTECTION

Timed Overload Locked Rotor Single Phase and Phase Unbalance Other

Solution: Thermal overload relays

Plunger-type relays Induction-type relays

Most frequently used when AC power presents Change taps to adjust time delay

Instantaneous Overcurrent
Differential Relays

Undervoltage
Electromagnetic Relays

Ground Fault
Differential Relays

Gas and Temperature Monitoring Differential and Ground Fault Protection

For a wye connection, ground fault can be detected from the grounded neutral wire.

Differential and Ground Fault Protection Phase Unbalance

Negative Sequence Relay will constantly measure and compare the magnitude and direction of the current.

Relays control output circuits of a much higher power. Safety is increased Protective relays are essential for keeping faults in the system isolated and keep equipment from being damaged.

Sources: 1. Books on Power System 2. Internet source