SURFACE TOPOGRAPHY SURFACE WETTING ELECTROSTATIC FORCE

COURSE INSTRUCTOR: Dr. A VADIVEL MURGAN READER , CENTRE FOR NANOSCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
SUBMITTED BY : DEVIKA LAISHRAM M.TECH 1st YEAR 2nd SEMESTER, NAST

FLAT LIES ON THE EYES OF THE BEHOLDER

CONTENTS
SURFACE TOPOGRAPHY SURFACE WETTABILITY a) SAM b) Microcontact printing ELECTROSTATIC FORCE

SURFACE TOPOGRAPHY
Necessity patterned substrate effective to trap nanoparticles Nanoparticles dont fall physically on surface as gravitational force is too weak for nano sized particle. It is driven by capillary force of suspension liquid How it happens ??? - suspension liquid drop dries due to evaporation and surface topography pins liquid surface as it shrinks, bringing nanoparticle into trap.

(a) Nanoparticles guided into pre patterned areas when substrate substrate immersed into nanoparticle suspension (b) SEM image, self assembled nanoparticle in grooves

 Once aggregate in trap, electrostatic force of suspension in ionic solution or inter particle van der waals force secure the assembly and their attachment to substrate before drying is completed Nanoparticle suspension can also be dip coated onto a topographical substrate i.e, substrate is dipped into suspension and slowly pulled out leaving thin layer of liquid which contains nanoparticle on the surface Uniform assembly into patterned groove is achieved by balancing the pulling speed and evaporation rate of thin liquid film

Surface topography of ITO

Surface topography Ti/TiCN/TiAlN coating onto AZ61 substrate

of the deposited

SURFACE WETTING
Necessity substrate surface chemically modified to stop or reduce action of capillary in desired areas so that colloidal particles are selectively assembled, it is done by changing SURFACE HYDRPPHOBICITY Key parameter contrast between hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity of adjacent surface, it determines contrast of self assembled patterns. Two ways to do it - SAM and microcontact printing SAM gives high hydrophobicity pattern Process Si substrate coated with 100 nm SiO2 then by 12 nm TiO2 on top , desired features patterned using photolithography of photoresist , patterned etched locally by RIE. Pattern immersed in aq. Solution of ammonium dodecyl phosphate for 48 hrs and rinsed with high purity water Well defined hydrophobic self assembled alkane phosphate SAM on TiO2 area leaving SiO2 area uncovered

MICROCONTACT PRINTING
Rapid formation of SAMs in areas in contact with rubber stamp Possible with alkanethiols (ink) on Au Stamps made up of PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) elastomer casting against photographically patterned masters Once in contact monolayer of alkanethiol molecules diffusively transported onto the surface Different SAMs have different hydrophobicities which can be selectively coated onto a surface Disadvantages low resolution, soft stamps deformed when pressed down , ink diffuse rapidly across Au surface broadening SAM protected features. Ink transfer through vapor phase from areas not in contact with surface.

ELECTROSTATIC FORCE
Long ranged two oppositely charged particles suspended in fluid attract each other similarly, charged particles in suspension fluid attract to oppositely charged electrodes. Uniform surface charged substrate made by immersing clean Au surface in ethanol solution of alkanethiols for 10 mins , surface ve or +ve charged depending on thiol group in solution Patterned surface charged made by microcontact printing with different thiol compounds as ink or contact electrification Patterned electrodes with externally applied field is used to maintain stable and controllable surface charge Polystyrene spheres(PS) used for controlled self assmebly can be made to carry +ve or -ve charge by amidine and carboxyl terminated PS

Orderly packed PS formed by capillary force driven self assembly

 Same as electrophoretic deposition but not assembled into orderly packed crystalline structure as tiny charged particles repel due to same charge they carry. Orderly packing done by externally controllable electric field i.e, by raising applied voltage, believed to be due to electrohydrodynamic or electroosmotic effect near electrode surface at high field

Uv assisted electrophoretic deposition , SEM image of assembled PS

 Capillary force can be used instead of electric field 2 satges 1st stage attraction of charged particle to charged substrate surface in liquid suspension 2nd stage to take out substrate from suspension and let it dry.