W-CDMA Air Interface Fundamentals

Prepared By: Rupy Sikka E-mail: Rsikka@lucent.com Ph: +1 (630) 2240 192

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OBJECTIVES

Describe the requirements and drivers behinds the WCDMA Air Interface. List the layers UMTS radio Air Interface protocol stack and the responsibility of each layer UMTS Channel Types and their purpose Gain understanding of UMTS Modes: FDD and TDD Protection in UMTS:Describe the forward error correction employed by UMTS Air interface Channelizations in UMTS Source Identification: Scrambling codes/Gold Codes

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W-CDMA OVERVIEW-ARCHITECTURE
Core Network

PSTN

3G-MSC

SGSN

GGSN

PDN/ Internet

Iu-CS RNS

Iu-PS

UTRAN
RNC

Iub

Iub

Node B

Node B

Uu

Uu

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WCDMA OVERVIEW-UTRAN FUNCTIONS

UTRAN Functions:
Overall System Access Control Security and Privacy Handover Radio Resource Management and Control

RNC Functions: Intra UTRAN Handover Frame Synchronization Radio Resource Management: Radio Bearer Control Outer Loop Power Control Radio Resource Allocation

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UTRAN FUNCTIONS
Node B Termination of Iub Interface from RNC Conduct Radio Environment Survey (BER estimate, Rx signal strength etc..) Inner Loop Power Control Open loop power control Radio Channel Coding/decoding Mapping of coded composite transport channels on physical channel modulation and spreading/dispreading of physical channels Frequency and time Synchronization Error detection on transport channels and indication to higher layers Termination of Uu interface from the UE etc..

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3G SERVICES

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3G CHARACTERISTICS - Asymmetric

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3G CHARACTERISTICS Concurrent Services

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3G CHARACTERISTICS ALWAYS ON

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W-CDMA INTERFACE

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SPECTRUM FOR UMTS

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UMTS MODES

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UMTS RADIO PROTOCOL STACK

Layer-3 OSI Layer-2U Layer-2L Layer-1

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RADIO PROTOCOL STACK FUNCTIONS

Physical Layer Functions (Layer-1)
Forward error correction, coding,interleaving Measurements Soft handover execution Multiplexing/mapping of services on dedicated physical code channels Modulation, spreading, demodulation, dispreading of physical channels Frequency and time synchronization Fast closed-loop power control RF processing Selection of appropriate transport format Service multiplexing on RACH, FACH and dedicated channels Scheduling Access resolution on RACH Contention resolution on RACH etc..

MAC Layer Function (Layer-2L)

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RADIO PROTOCOL STACK FUNCTIONS

RLC Functions (Layer-2U):
Segmentation and assembly Transfer of user data Error correction through retransmission optimized for physical layer Sequence integrity Flow control

PDCP Function (Layer-2U)

Service specific. Exists only in the User Plane and only for services from PS domain. Contains compression methods needed for better spectral efficiency

RRC Functions:
Broadcast of system information Radio Resource handling Control of requested QOS UE measurements reporting and control of the reporting
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W-CDMA Channel Architecture

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OBJECTIVE

UMTS W-CDMA Channels Structure Map channels to radio interface protocol stack

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CHANNELS OVERVIEW

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Gift ANALOGY

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Channel Overview Cont

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UMTS RADIO INTERFACE CHANNELS

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LOGICAL CHANNELS

Traffic Channels Control Channels

- Dedicated Traffic Channel (DTCH) - Common Traffic Channel (CTCH) - Dedicated Control Channel (DCCH) - Common Control Channel (CCCH) - Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH) - Paging Control Channel (PCCH)

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TRANSPORT CHANNELS

Dedicated Channels Common Channels

- Dedicated Channel (DCH) - Random Access Channel (RACH) - Forward Access Channel (FACH) - Broadcast Channel (BCH) - Paging Channel (PCH) - Common Packet Channel (CPCH) - Downlink Shared Channel (DSCH)
(CPCH & DSCH are optional channels and are not supported in Lucents initial release)
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PHYSICAL CHANNELS

Uplink

Dedicated Channels Common Channels

Dedicated Physical Data Channel (DPDCH) Dedicated Physical Control Channel (DPCCH) Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) Physical Common Packet Channel (PCPCH)

Downlink

Dedicated Channel

Common Channels

Dedicated Physical Channel (DPCH) Common Pilot Channel (CPICH) Primary Common Control Physical Channel (P-CCPCH) Secondary Common Control Physical Channel(S-CCPCH) Synchronization Channel (SCH) Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) Acquisition Indication Channel (AICH) Page Indication Channel (PICH)

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UMTS RADIO CHANNEL MAPPING

Logical Channels
Control Ch Traffic Ch

Transport Channels
Common Ch (no FPC) Common Ch (FPC) Dedicated Ch (FPC)

Physical Channels P-SCH S-SCH P-CPICH S-CPICH

Fixed Channels Info Channels Assoc Channels

BCCH PCCH CCCH CTCH DCCH DTCH

Key: Uplink Downlink Bidirectional Data Transfer Association

BCH PCH FACH RACH

P-CCPCH PICH S-CCPCH PRACH AICH

DCH

DPDCH DPCCH

DPCH

DSCH CPCH Lucent Technologies Proprietary

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W-CDMA PHYSICAL LAYER PROCESSING

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W-CDMA PHYSICAL LAYER PROCESSING

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W-CDMA PHYSICAL LAYER PROCESSING

Protecting Data/User Information:
Forward error correction mechanism are applied to allow adding information to the data streams enabling receiver to correct the errors during decoding process. Achieved by digital coding techniques such as:

Convolution coding:
Can use or 1/3 rating coders. Used for services 19.2Kbps or less e.g. Voice

Turbo Coding:
Uses two convolution coder working in parallel. Turbo coder defined as 1/3 rate. Additional processing relative to convolution coder. Added delay due to additional processing makes it perfect for non real-time services such as WEB browsing. Used for services data rate 19.2Kbps or higher.

Interleaving:
Reorder original coded data streams to help error correction
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W-CDMA PHYSICAL LAYER PROCESSING

Channel Separation
Uses OVSF codes OVSF is applied to achieve 3.84Mcps fixed channel rate

Source Identification
Scrambling codes are used for Node-B and UE identification The set of scrambling codes are known as Gold codes 2-24 Gold codes for UL (UE) 512 are assigned for DL(Node-B)

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