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Welding Duplex Stainless Steel
Welding Duplex Stainless Steel
WPSAmerica.com
Industry Standard Welding Procedures Software for AWS and ASME Codes
Welding Practice for the Sandvik Duplex Stainless Steels SAF 2304, SAF 2205 and SAF 2507 Presented by Frank Babish
Key Points
Metallurgical Considerations Welding Processes
Role of Nitrogen
Post Weld Cleaning Dissimiliar Joining Joint Design
Characteristics of
Duplex stainless steels
Excellent resistance to stress corrosion cracking
Very high mechanical strength Excellent resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion
Duplex microstructure
The austenite islands (light) are embedded in a continuous ferrite (dark) matrix. The duplex microstructure typically contains 45-65% austenite and 35-55% ferrite.
Austenite
Ferrite
SAF 2205
200
100 0
Duplex
As duplex stainless steels solidify the grain structure transform from a fully ferritic material to a balanced austenite and ferrite microstructure
800
Stress [MPa]
600
austenite duplex
400
ferrite
200
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
Strain
Welding Processes
Conventional Processes
GTAW GMAW SAW SMAW FCAW
Avoid
Autogenous Low Energy Processes Or Perform PWHT
Ni
Mo
Ferrite All weld metal, % 30-40 30-40 30-40 30-40 30-40 30-40 30-40 30-40 30-40
SAF 2304 TIG, MIG, SAW MMA SAF 2304 TIG, MIG, SAW and MMA SAF 2205 FCAW
23.7.L 23.8.LR
0,020 0,4 1,5 0,020 0,015 23 0,030 <0,9 0,5 0,030 0,025 25 0,5 <1,0 <0,5 <1.0 1,6 0,8 0,8 1.5 0,020 0,030 0,030 0.030 0.015 0,025 0,025 0.025 22,5 22,5 22 22.5
7 9 8 9 9 9
3 3 3 3
SAF 2507 TIG, (MIG), SAW 25.10.4.L 0,020 0,3 MMA 25.10.4.LR 0,030 0,5 25.10.4.LB 0,040 0,4
0,4 0,020 0,020 25 10 4 0,7 0,030 0,025 25 10 4 0,9 0,030 0,025 25,5 9,5 4
MPa min.
600-820 680-880
ksi. min.
87-119 99-128
550
80
640
93
800-1000 116-145
25
290
595
681
34 34 26
28 33 33 30 28 27 28
58
46
171 101 62
207 139 52 56 150 91 46
156 72 46
160 84 44 43 116 64 33
664 -
53 44 64 47
757
1)Using
SAF 2205
SAF 2507
1)Using
SAF 2205
SAF 2507
78 58 39
1)Using
Typical CPT Values from G-48A Tests for Parent Metals and Welded Joints
Sandvik SAF 2304
All weld metal Joint Joint Joint 23.7.L 23.7.L 23.7.L 23.8.LR TIG TIG SAW1) MMA Ar Ar Ar -
Filler metal
Welding process
Shielding gas
Root gas
CPT C ~15
<15 <15 <15 <15
SAF 2205
All weld metal Joint Joint 22.8.3.L 22.8.3.L 22.8.3.L TIG TIG TIG Ar Ar Ar - 2% N2 Ar 90 N2 + 10 H2 (or pure N2) -
30
20-23 20-23 23-25
SAF 2507
All weld metal Joint Joint Joint All weld metal Joint All weld metal Joint
1)Using
80
Autogenous TIG welding 25.10.4.L TIG 25.10.4.L TIG 25.10.4.L TIG 25.10.4.L 25.10.4.L 25.10.4.L 25.10.4.LR 25.10.4.LR TIG SAW 1) SAW 1) MMA MMA Ar Ar Ar Ar + 2% N2 Ar 90 N2 + 10 H2 (or pure N2) 90 N2 + 10 H2 (or pure N2) 40 40-45 40-45 40-50 45-55 40-50 40-50 40-50 40-50
Intermetallic phase
SAF 2507
<150C
Welding recommendations
Nitrogen is a very important alloying element in DSS Improves corrosion resistance Improves austenite reformation At TIG welding, the loss of nitrogen is compensated for by using Ar + 1 - 2%N2 as a shielding gas
Ferritic area in SAF 2507 weld owing to the loss of nitrogen in fusion line
Ar 99,99%
Ar + 5% N2
Shielding gas
Ar Ar Ar + 5% N2
Root gas
Ar 90% N2 + 10% H2 90% N2 + 10% H2
Nitrogen Content in TIG welds of SAF 2507. N=0,25% in the filler metal
Shielding gas Ar Ar + 3% N2 Ar + 6% N2
Analysis at
12 0,19 Top side
Welder No. 2
0,18 0,20
0,22 0,21
0,19 0,21
0,21 0,21
0,19 0,20
0,20 0,20
Welder No. 3
360
220
120
80
Wire brush
Blasting
Dissimilar Joints
SAF Carbon steel AISI 200 and 300series
22.8.3.L 22.9.3.LR 22.9.3.LT 22.8.3.L 22.9.3.LR 22.9.3.LT 25.10.4.L 25.10.4.LR
2304
2205
2507
>WT
r >1.5 x WT
15
10
0
Dried covering Covering exposed to laboratory air Moist covering
10
0
Dried flux Moist flux
10
0
Shielding gas Ar + 5% H2 Shielding gas Ar + 10% H2
Hydrogen pick up from shielding gas and root gas at TIG welding
15
H2, ml/100 g
10
0
Shielding gas Ar Root gas Ar Shielding gas Ar Root gas 90% N2 + 10% H2
Conclusions
Key Areas Good Weldability Uses Conventional Welding Processes Joint Design Role of Nitrogen Heat Input Important Interpass Temperature