DIGITAL MODULATION TECHNIQUES

Amplitude shift keying (ASK) Frequency shift keying (FSK) Phase shift keying (PSK)

FREQUENCY SHIFT KEYING

Frequency-shift keying (FSK)is afrequency modulationscheme in which digital information is transmitted through discrete frequency changes of a carrier wave Frequency is varied to represent a 1 or0 Frequency during bitduration is constant Amplitude and phase remain constant Avoids most of noise problems of ASK Bandwidth required is equal to baud rate + frequency shift. (Larger bandwidth requirement)

***Baud rateis the number ofsignal unitsper secondthat are required to represent bits ***Bandwidth, in terms of digital communication, is amount of data transferred from one point to another in a given time period.

FSK :

Applications:

Most early telephone-linemodemsused audio frequency-shift keying (AFSK) Caller ID devices Storing data in audio casettes Amateur Radios Remote metering applications.

PHASE SHIFT KEYING

Phase-shift keying (PSK)is adigitalmodulationscheme that conveys databy modulating, thephaseof a referencesignal(thecarrier wave ) Phase of carrier is varied torepresent1 or 0 Peak amplitude andfrequency remain constant Phase remains constant during bit duration Not susceptible to noise degradation as ASK. i.e; robust against interference More complex

PSK :

use -

Applications:

THE STANDARD WIRELESS LAN, WHICH WE USE TO PLAY PC GAMES IN HOSTELS USES DIFFERENT TYPES OF PSKS BLUETOOTH 2.0 ( DQPSK)

AMPLITUDE SHIFT KEYING

Amplitude-shift keying(ASK) is a form ofmodulationthat representsdigitaldataas variations in theamplitudeof acarrier wave Amplitude of carrier signal is varied torepresent a1 or 0 Frequency remain constant while amplitude is changed Amplitude remains constant during bitduration Highly susceptible to noise interference since noise usually affects amplitude Minimum bandwidth required is equal to baud rate. (low-bandwidth requirement)

***Baud rateis the number ofsignal unitsper secondthat are required to represent bits ***Bandwidth, in terms of digital communication, is amount of data transferred from one point to another in a given time period.

ASK :

Applications:
The ASK technique is commonly used :

to transmitdigital dataover optical fiber For LED transmitters, binary 1 is represented by a short pulse of light and binary 0 by the absence of light. For Laser transmitters

ASK V/S FSK:

ASK

FSK o LESS PRONE TO NOISE INTERFERENCE o LARGER BANDWIDTH REQUIREMENT, WHICH IS EQUAL TO BAUD RATE + FREQUENCY SHIFT o AMPLITUDE REMAINS CONSTANT

ASK IS MORE PRONE TO NOISE INTERFERENCE LOW BANDWITH REQUIREMENT, WHICH IS EQUAL TO BAUD RATE. FREQUENCY REMAINS CONSTANT

THANK YOU, SAI KIRAN, C1101-B29