CASE STUDY BURJ KHALIFA, DUBAI
SUBMITTED BY: SHUBHANGI GUPTA(AR-1011)
GENERAL INFORMATION:
ZONE: BUSINESS BAY CONSTRUCTION TIME: MARCH 2004- JANUARY 2010 HEIGHT: 829.00M HEIGHT(ROOF): 739.44M HEIGHT(MAIN ROOF): 681.82M HEIGHT(TOP FLOOR):604.90M HEIGHT(OBSERVATION FLOOR):452.10M FLOORS(ABOVE GROUND)-163 FLOOR AREA-304,473 SQ.M LAND AREA- 344,000 SQ.M ELEVATOR-57(12-14 people/cabin) (capacity 5,500 kg) (speed 10m/s)
ESCALATOR-8 PARKING SPACE-3,000 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL-STEEL/CONCRETE FOUNDATION SYSTEM: PILE FOUNDATION FACADE MATERIAL: STAINLESS STEEL FACADE SYSTEM: CURTAIN WALL USAGE: MAIN RESIDENTIAL,HOTEL,COMMERCIAL OFFICE SIDE RESTAURANT,RESIDENTIAL BUILDING COST: $1,500,000,000 WEIGHT OF A BUILDING: 500,000 TONS
MICRO-CLIMATE/CLIMATE
- Burj Khalifa is surrounded by relatively few tall buildings. This creates a complete lack of shading and dramatically increases the amount of sunlight that reaches the buildings exterior. -The lower floors and lobby benefit from the cooler area surrounding the Dubai Fountain. - The desert-like climate of Dubai is very hot and arid. Very little rainfall means the Burj Khalifa is in sunlight almost the entire year, causing huge problems for keeping out solar radiation. However, this dryness also means that people inside the building can tolerate higher temperatures than they would in a temperate climate.
STRUCTURE
-The Burj Khalifa uses reinforced concrete as its primary structure. -The tower uses almost 330,000 m3 of concrete. -The very top of the tower is constructed of structural steel. -This allows the spire to achieve its freestanding height at 829 meters. -The diagram also shows some of how the construction process took place; after the floors were laid and the cranes had moved up to continue work on the taller parts of the structure, the floors below had already started to receive windows and finishes. -The car park has approx. 3,000 parking places in four levels and a total area of just under 89,000 m2.
WIND TESTING
Two important design considerations:
-Because the nose of the structure cuts the wind and greatly reduces the lateral forces placed on the building, these tests essentially determined the orientation of the tower with regards to predominant winds in Dubai. -The termination of lobes in each wing at certain points in the structure not only gives the building its distinct form, but prevents winds from forming any distinct vortex patterns which could potentially push the building too hard on one face then create a vacuum on the reverse face.
FOUNDATION
The superstructure is supported by a large reinforced concrete mat, which is in turn supported by bored reinforced concrete piles. The design was based on extensive geotechnical and seismic studies. The mat is 3.7 meters thick, and was constructed in four separate pours totaling 12,500 cubic meters of concrete. The minimum centre-to-centre spacing of the piles for the tower is 2.5 times the pile diameter. The 1.5 meter diameter x 43 meter long piles represent the largest and longest piles conventionally available in the region. A high density, low permeability concrete was used in the foundations, as well as a cathodic protection system under the mat, to minimize any detrimental effects form corrosive chemicals in local ground water.
BUILDING LEVELS
160 &ABOVE:-MECHANICAL 156-159:-COMMUNICATION & BROADCAST 155:-MECHANICAL 139-154:- CORPORATE SUITE 136-138:-MECHANICAL 125-135:- CORPORATE SUITE 124:-AT THE TOP OBSERVATORY 123:- SKY LOBBY 122:-RESTAURANT 111-121:- CORPORATE SUITE 109-110:-MECHANICAL 77-108:-RESIDENTIAL 76:-SKY LOBBY 73-75:-MECHANICAL 44-72:-RESIDENTIAL 43:-SKY LOBBY 40-42:-MECHANICAL 38-39:-HOTEL SUITE 19-37::-RESIDENTIAL 17-18:-MECHANICAL 9-16:-RESIDENTIAL 1-8:-HOTEL
IMPORTANT POINTS
95: Distance In Km At Which Its Spire Can Be Seen 504: Rise In Meters Of Its Main Service Lift 7: Number Of Lifts 49: Number Of Office Floors 1,044: Number Of Residential Apartments 900: Length In Feet Of The Fountain At The Foot Of The Tower, The World's Tallest Performing Fountain 28,261: Number Of Glass Cladding Panels On The Exterior Of The Tower The total glass requirement is 142k sq/m
CONCEPT
The Y-shaped plan is ideal for residential and hotel usage, with the wings allowing maximum outward views and inward natural light.
SITE PLAN
COMPOSITE GROUND FLOOR PLAN
HOTEL ARMANI
DETAILED PLAN
TYPICAL OFFICE FLOOR
TYPICAL RESIDENTIAL FLOOR
Structural Elements-Elevators, Spire, and More
-It is an understatement to say that Burj Khalifa represents the stateof-the-art in building design. From initial concept through completion, a combination of several important technological innovations and innovation structural design methods have resulted in a superstructure that is both efficient and robust. FOUNDATION PODIUM EXTERIOR CLADDING STRUCTURAL SYSTEM SPIRE MECHANICAL FLOORS WINDOW WASHING BAYS BROADCAST AND COMMUNICATIONS FLOORS MECHANICAL, ELECTRICAL & PLUMBING FIRE SAFETY ELEVATORS & LIFTS
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