Tugas Bahasa Inggris

Kelompok:
Pradanega Haqtsani Sandra
Muhammad Sirojul Munir

Skyscrapers Project
D. Read a short extract from an article below, about the dimensions of skyscrapers,
Underline and explain the meaning of those words in the text with describe:

a. Element of skyscrapers
b. Dimensions

From a business perspective, the vital statistics of record-breaking

skyscrapers are:
• Total height, to generate publicity
• Total number of floors and total floor space, to maximise value

From an engineering perspective, the above factors will determine a

number of key dimensions: those of all foundations, columns,
beams, floor slabs and curtain walls. During the design phase, if the
lengths, widths, depths, thicknesses, areas or volumes of any of
these elements are changed, all the other pieces of the dimensional
jigsaw puzzle will be affected.
a. Element of skyscrapers
From a business perspective, the vital statistics of record-
breaking skyscrapers are:
• Total height, to generate publicity
• Total number of floors and total floor space, to maximise value

From an engineering perspective, the above factors will

determine a number of key dimensions: those of all foundations,
columns, beams, floor slabs and curtain walls. During the design
phase, if the lengths, widths, depths, thicknesses, areas or
volumes of any of these elements are changed, all the other
pieces of the dimensional jigsaw puzzle will be affected.
• Foundations
Foundation is the element of the structure which connects it to the
ground, and trasfer loads from the structure to the ground.
• Columns
Column is a structural element that transmits, through compression, the
weight of the structure above to other structural elements below.
• Beams
Beam is a structural element that primarily resist loads applied laterally to
the beam’s axis. Its made of deflection is primarily by bending the loads
applied to the beam result in reaction forces at the beam’s support points.
• Floor slabs
Floor slab usually refers to a floor that has been formed using concrete
(and generally steel reinforcement ) and may form part of the structure of
a building.
• Curtain walls
Curtain wall system is an outer covering of a building in which the outer
walls are non-structural, utilized only to keep the weather out and the
occupants in. Since the curtain wall is non-structural, it can be made of
lightweight materials by reducing construction cost.
b. Dimensions

From a business perspective, the vital statistics of record-

breaking skyscrapers are:
• Total height, to generate publicity
• Total number of floors and total floor space, to
maximise value

From an engineering perspective, the above factors will

determine a number of key dimensions: those of all
foundations, columns, beams, floor slabs and curtain
walls. During the design phase, if the lengths, widths,
depths, thicknesses, areas or volumes of any of these
elements are changed, all the other pieces of the
dimensional jigsaw puzzle will be affected.
• Lengths
Lengths is a measure of distance.
• Widths
Widths is a measure of distance of distance from side to side.
• Depths
Depths is a distance from the top or surface to the bottom of
something.
• Thickness
Thickness is the distance between the opposite sides of something .
• Volumes
Volume is a quantification of how space an object occupies.
E. You and your partner are consulting engineers. You are going to give
a technical briefing to some investors who are planning a new
skyscraper project. The talk should focus on the question of key
dimensions which will be determined by the overal height, number of
floors and total floor space of make notes to prepare your briefing.
Include the elements and dimensions you underlined in previous
exercise. You can the example discussion below to get started.

a) The total height of the skyscraper will determine its width, as

taller structures need to be wider, for stability.
b) Yes. And the height and width of the structure will determine the
total area of the curtain walls. The area of the walls is important,
because it’ll determine the amount of wind load on the building.
c) That’s right. And the amount of wind load is critical because
that’ll affect…
 Skyscraper project (Nako Tower):

• We plan to make a skyscraper 1.100 meters high with 8-sided polygons

shape using columns in each corner as high as 10 meters per floor.
• We use a building foundation at 80 meters of soil depth so that the
building becomes stronger and more balanced.
• This building consists of 100 floors, with a total floor area of ​350.000 m².
For the construction of this building, it would cost around 300 trillion
rupiah.
• In this construction, it requires 15.000 workers with a construction time
of 8 years. The walls are made using concrete to make the building
stronger and avoid the threat of air pressure at high altitudes.
• In this building we use like a barrier or building foot, which will hold the
lower structure of the building as high as 150 meters from the ground.
with the presence of these barriers, it is possible that the building can
withstand more loads.
Spesification of building:
• Foundation: using strong concrete with 80 meters deep soil.
• Columns: as high as 10 meters with diameters as width as 2 meters and
totaling 8 per floor.
• Beams: Using strong steel beams.
• Floor slabs: Using steel width of 3.500 meters per floor.
• Curtain walls: Using concrete covering walls on each side of the building.

• Length: 110 meters.

• Width: 110 meters.
• Depth: Using a foundation of 80 meters deep soil.
• Thickness: with a thickness of each floor structure as thick as 2 meters.
• Volumes: 3.850.000 M3
Burj Khalifa Nako Tower