GOVT.

ENGINEERING COLLEGE BIKANER

A Practical Training and Industrial Visit Presentation
On
Building construction

Submitted to: Submitted by:

MR. NIKHIL GARG BHERU LAL JAT
HOD, Civil Engg. Department Roll No. 15EEBCE009
INTRODUCTION
This ACADEMIC BUILDING (mental hospital office) is constructed by
Mr.Naresh kumar goyal ‘AA’ class P.W.D. contractor Bikaner under the
analysis of P.W.D. of Bikaner construction project is constructed at PBM
campus

In this building under ground floor is constructed for parking of vehicles.

ground floor is consist for different labs (pathology lab, bio chemistry lab,
blood collection room, x ray and sonography lab, M.R.I lab) ,3 rooms, male
toilet, female toilet, store room.

First floor is consist reading room, center library , 3store room ,one hall,
record room, establishment sec. , account sec., academic room, official room
etc.
•ABOUT PROJECT
• This Project is based on providing laboratory services for patients
according to needness.
• This project maps is allowed by Dr. R.P. Agrawal , Dr. K.K. Verma, AEN
Kamal Kumar Khatri
SALIENT FEATURES OF THE PROJECT-
• Location :PBM Campus, Bikaner
• Name of project : CONSTRUCTION OF ACADEMIC
& ADMINISTRATIVE WINGS;
DIMHAs DEPARTMENT OF
PSYCHITRY S.P.M.C. BIKANER
• Type of soil : Hard soil
• Foundation concrete size : PCC (1:4:8) 40mm nominal
• Masonry in foundation and Plinth : brick masonry
• Superstructure : brick work 1:6,designation 100
• Lintels / sunshades : RCC lintel (1:1.5:3)M20
• Roofing finish : roofing cement plaster + plastic paint
• Exterior finish : cement plaster + plastic paint
• Windows : wooden and iron material
• Doors : wooden material
• Type of foundation : isolated, combined foundation
• Grade of steel :Fe415 & Fe 500
• Cement grade : 43 grade
• Aggregates : 10mm, 20mm
• Storey : Underground, ground, 1st,2nd floor
• Shuttering : both steel and timber
Building :

A structure enclosed over a plot of land, having roof

and opening (like door, windows) and often more than one
level, used for any of a wide variety of activities, as living,
entertaining etc.
Basic building components :
SUPER STURCTURE: Substructer :
 Plinth Foundation
 D.P.C
 Walls and column
 Floors
 Beams
 Roofs and slabs
 Lintels and Arches
 Doors and Window
 Chajja
 Parapet
 Steps and Stairs
Loads on building
 Various loads are taken into account while designing the
foundation of a structure loads coming on a structure are:
Two broad categories:
- Dead loads
- Live loads
 Specific terms for dead loads and live loads:
-Concentrated load
- Distributed load
- Design load
-Fire load
Beams
• Transfers loads perpendicular to its length
• Types of beams:
– Simple beam
– Continuous beam
– Cantilever beam
– Lintel
– Girder
Columns
• Any structural component that transmits a compressive force
parallel through its centre
• Generally support beams and other columns
• Generally vertical support of building
• Can be vertical or diagonal
Walls
Two categories:
– Load-bearing walls
• Carries weight of beams, other walls, floors, roofs, other
structural elements
• Also carries weight of the wall itself & has thickness of 30cm.
– Non-load-bearing walls
• Need only support its own weight has thickness equal to1brick width
• Example: partition wall between two stores in a mall
 Foundation
A foundation is the element of any structure which connects it to the
ground, and transfers loads from the structure to the ground.
Foundation is a part of the sub structure. Sub structure is constructed
according to soil quality at that site.
It is of 2 Types:
A. Shallow Foundation.
B. Deep Foundation
A. Shallow Foundation:
If soil have good bearing capacity than we use shallow foundation in .
construction.
• Shallow foundations are also called spread footings or open footings.
• It is also of different types such as:
• Individual footing
• Strip footing
• Raft foundation
B. Deep Foundation:
• A deep foundation is a type of foundation which transfers building loads to the
earth farther down from the surface than a shallow foundation does to a
subsurface layer or a range of depths.
• It is Mainly done by Pile Foundation
Materials Used for Construction
Cement:
The function of cement is to combine with water and to form
cement paste. This paste sets and binds the aggregate
together into a stone like hard mass & thus provides strength,
durability
Test of concrete & cement-
 Slump cone test- this test is used to measure the workability of concrete
 Field test for cement-
• Colour • Physical properties • Presence of lumps • Strength
 Laboratory test for cement-
• Fineness test • Compressive strength test • Tensile strength test
• Consistency test • Setting time test • Soundness test
 Concrete:
• Mixture of portland cement, sand, gravel, and water
• Excellent compressive strength
• All concrete contains some moisture
• Under heat, moisture expands and causes concrete to crack and spall
• Concrete can stay hot long after the fire is out
 Water:
It is an important ingredient of concrete because it combines with cement and forms
a binding paste. The paste thus formed fills up the voids of the sand and coarse
aggregate bringing them into close adhesion

Aggregates:
Aggregates are small pieces of broken stones in irregular size
and shapes.
• Types of Aggregates:
Fine Aggregate
Coarse Aggregate
Equipment Used
Batching Machine:
The measurement of materials for making concrete is known
as batching. The machines which used for batching is known
as batching machine.
Concrete Mixer:
This is a power mechanically operated machine which is used
to mix the concrete. It consists a hollow cylindrical part with
inner side wings. In which cement, sand, aggregates and
water is mix properly.
 Belt Conveyors:
The process of carrying the concrete mix from the place of it’s
mixing to final position of deposition is termed as
transportation of concrete.
Concrete mixer
Belt Conveyors
 Compactors:

•A compactor is a machine use to reduce the size of material by

remove the air bubbles and voids so as to make it dense and solid to
obtain a high strength.
• At the site , Needle vibrator was used for concrete.
Brick Masonary

• The bricks are obtained by moulding clay in rectangular block

of uniform size and then drying and burning these blocks.
Brick masonry easy to construct compare stone masonry.
• Less time consuming .
• There is no need of skilled labour to construct it.
• The bricks do not require dressing and the arty of laying bricks is so simple.
• There are Mainly 3 classes of bricks:
1. Class A
2. Class B
3. Class C
Field test on brick
1. Toughness test
2. Hardness test
3. Water absorption test
Property of bricks :
Each brick should have weight between 3-3.5 kg.
Brick should have at least 3.5N/mm2 crushing strength.
Bonds Used in Brick Masonary
• Mainly, there are 4 types of bonds used in brick masonry.
1. English Bond
2.Flemish Bond
3.Header Bond
4.Stretcher Bond
Stretcher Bond :
• The bricks are laid along its length in all courses.
• In this bond every alternate course is to be started with half bat for breaking the
continuity of vertical joint
Header Bond :
The bricks are laid along its width in all courses. A half and three quarter
bat is also used in alternative courses to break the verticality of joints.
English Bond:
• Alternate courses consist of stretcher and header. A queen closer is put
next to quoin header to break the verticality of joints.
• Generally such types of bond is provided in walls width is 9
Inches
 Flemish Bond:
• It also provides good strength. Stretcher and header is provided in
each course alternatively.
• A queen closer is put next to quoin header in each alternate course to
break the verticality of joints
Conclusion
• Durability of a building depend mainly on proper construction process and
proper use of materials.
• • As per my training ,I have conclude that , during my training days I was familiar
with the construction of brick masonry & plastering and other works under a
Public Works Department project.
• Plaster is necessary to cover and protect the masonry from weathering factor
THANK YOU