Professional Documents
Culture Documents
College of Nursing
King Fahd Medical City
Blood Transfusion
Hatem Alsrour
Out line
Definition.
Objective.
What is a Blood ?
Blood Types.
Types of Blood Transfusion.
Who Needs a Blood Transfusion ?
Before a Blood Transfusion.
During a Blood Transfusion.
After a Blood Transfusion.
Risks of Blood Transfusion.
References.
Definition ( Blood Transfusion )
isthe process of transferring blood or
blood-based products from one
person into the circulatory system of
another.
Objective
Recognise different blood components and
explain why they might be prescribed.
Understand the essential safety measures
necessary when collecting and transporting blood
from the blood bank to a clinical area.
Minimise risk through the use of appropriate patient
and component identification checks.
Make informed decisions about patient care before,
during and after a blood transfusion.
Confidently respond in the event of an adverse
reaction to transfused blood.
? What is a Blood
Blood is composed of fluid and different kinds of
blood cells:
• Plasma is the fluid portion of blood.
• White Blood Cells protect against disease and infection. It range 4.5
– 11 k/ul
• Platelets help form blood clots when bleeding occurs. It range 150 –
450 k/ul .
• Red Blood Cells transport oxygen from the lungs to the other cells of
the body and return carbon dioxide to the lungs. It range 4 – 5.5
k/ul
Blood Types
Every person has one of the following blood
types:
A, B, AB, or O.
Also, every person's blood is either Rh-
positive or Rh-negative. So, if you have type
A blood, it's either A positive or A negative.
If you have Rh-positive blood, you can get Rh-
positive or Rh-negative blood. But if you have Rh-
negative blood, you should get only Rh-negative
blood. Rh-negative blood is used for emergencies
when there's no time to test a person's Rh type.
Type O blood is safe for almost everyone. About 40
percent the population has type O blood.
People with type AB blood are called universal
recipients. This means they can get any type of
blood.
No YES
Types of Blood Transfusion
Blood is transfused either as whole blood (with all its parts) or, more
often, as individual parts. The type of blood transfusion you need
depends on your situation:
Red Blood Cell Transfusions
Red blood cells are the most commonly transfused part of the blood. These
cells carry oxygen from the lungs to your body's organs and tissues. They also
help your body get rid of carbon dioxide and other waste products. You may
need a transfusion of red blood cells if you've lost blood due to an injury or
surgery.
Plasma is the liquid part of your blood. It's mainly water, but also contains
proteins, clotting factors, hormones, vitamins, cholesterol, sugar, sodium,
potassium, calcium, and more. If you have been badly burned or have liver
failure or a severe infection, you may need a plasma transfusion.
? Who Needs a Blood Transfusion
Many people who have surgery need blood transfusions because they
lose blood during the operation. For example, about one-third of all
heart surgery patients have a transfusion.
Graft-Versus-Host Disease
References
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_transfusion
http://www.bloodtransfusion.com/
www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/bt/bt_whatis.html
www.emro.who.int
www.who.int/topics/blood_transfusion
http://kidshealth.org/teen/your_body/medical_care/transfusions.h
tml
http://faculty.valenciacc.edu/jclark/Manny/studentBloodTransfusi
on.ppt
http://www.rdasa.com.au/conference/documents/KathrynRobinso
n-BloodTransfusion.pdf