Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Safety
Freedom from un expectable risk of harm It is set of rules which is required to save the human life, equipments and environment;
Accident
The undesirable event giving rise to death, ill health, injury, property damage or other losses
Incident
Event that gave rise to an accident or had the potential to lead to accident
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Types of Accidents
Near Miss Accident:
An event that has the potential to lead to an accident or an accident where no ill health, injury, damage or other loss occurs.
Dangerous Occurrence:
As prescribed under Section 88-A of the Factories Act and relevant Factories Rules: Ex: Bursting of Pressure Vessel, Release of Toxic or harmful gases, collapse of building, overturning of a crane etc. (without causing injuries)
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Types of Accidents
Non Reportable Injury:
Non-Reportable injury is an injury by reason of which the person injured is prevented from working for a period of less than 48 hours immediately following the accident.
Reportable Injury:
An injury causing disablement extending 48 hours beyond the day or shift on which the accident occurred.
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Types of accidents
Depending on injury
1. 2. 3. 4.
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Types of Accidents
Electric shock / flash over. Fall from height. Falling object / caught in between Caught in between moving object. Inhalation of hazardous gases / fumes. Cave- in, in excavation work. Falling into pit/ drowning
Road accidents
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Theory of Accident
A personal injury occurs only as a result of an accident. An accident occurs only as a result of unsafe action or exposure to an
Unsafe actions or unsafe conditions exist only because of fault of the Faults of persons are inherited or acquired form the environment. The
unsafe actions may be due to anatomical, physiological, lack of education, improper attitude, lack of knowledge or skill.
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ACCIDENT
INJURY
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27Julu to 1st Aug ,09
88 %
10 %
2%
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Causes of an Accident
Unsafe Act
Lack of control Basic causes Immediate causes Incident Loss
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Conditions
not displayed
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Inadequate / lack of guards Defective tools / equipments Unsafe / no scaffold Lack of shield Defective vehicles Lack of electrical earthing
7.
8. 9.
Congested areas
Poor illumination Lack of insulation on hot and cold surfaces
10.
Lack of cordoning
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27Julu to 1st Aug ,09
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Safe guarding all machines, equipments, work places etc. Rectifying or preventing defective conditions Safe design and construction Safe methods and practices, arrangements Adequate and suitable illumination and ventilation Safe dress and personal protective equipments
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27Julu to 1st Aug ,09
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Factors of Accidents
The accidents may be due to the following factors
Mechanical These relates to the defects and inadequate safeguards of machinery to unsafe conditions of equipment Inadequately guarded, Unguarded, Unsafe design or construction, Hazardous arrangement (pilling, Overloading, etc.) Environment Illumination ,Ventilation, Temperature, Human
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Cost of Accident
1. 2.
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Cost of Accident
1.
Cost to injured Pain & suffering of the injury or illness; Loss of income and possible loss of job; Health-care cost Family sufferings
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Cost of Accident
2.
B.
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Cost of Accident
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To safeguard the employees. To increase the production. To reduce the cost of the product. To make use of Human Resources.
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Philosophy of safety
1. 2.
Most accidents are preventable. Most accidents are direct result of a faulty/ negative attitude towards safe practice.
3.
4. 5.
Front line Supervisors are in the best position to correct and mould employee attitude.
Conviction is more to be desired than compulsion. Accidents and injuries will continue to occur until each employee follows Safe Practices.
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Fall Protection
Guardrail System Safety Net System Personal Fall Arrest System Any fixed ladder higher than 20 feet
Ladder Safety Device (with body harness) Safety Cage with offset landings every 30 feet
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Lockout/Tagout
Hazardous Energy
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Lockout
Lock device applied to energy control point
A positive means to secure isolation point Individual reponsible for own lock & key
Preferred method
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Tagout
Tag device applied to energy control point
Used in conjunction with Lockout Used when Lockout not feasible
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Performing Lockout/Tagout
Preparation
Identify the energy source(s) Determine how to control the energy Dissipate residual energy Block components subject to movement Follow normal stopping procedures Allow motion to stop
Shutdown Equipment
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Applying Lockout/Tagout
Close or shut off all energy sources
Apply locks and/or tags Verify isolation - Try
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Removing Lockout/Tagout
Remove tools and equipment Replace guards and covers Check for all clear
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Limited means of entry or exit Not intended for human occupancy May / could contain a hazardous atmosphere Contains engulfment or entrapment hazards Contains other hazards Tanks, vessels, storage hoppers, pipelines, manholes, tankers, bins, excavations, etc.
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Classes of Fires
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Classes of Fires
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Water - class A only - cools /removes heat Dry Chemical - class A, B, or C - interferes with chemical
reaction
Metl-X - class D only - specialized dry chemical for metal Foam Class B, holds down vapors
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Inspect work area daily Be an observer - stay alert Housekeeping, Housekeeping, Housekeeping
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