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Based on these dimensions, Baumrind decided that parents show one of the four types of parenting styles with their children:
Authoritarian Parenting
Style: Restrictive, controlling, demanding Punishment: Frequent spanking, shows anger
Communication:
Little verbal exchange or sayings such as, you do it my way or else. Enforces rules but does not explain them.
Result: Children of
Authoritarian parents are often anxious, unhappy and fearful. They do not initiate in activities with others and have weak communication skills.
Authoritarian parents are unreasonable in their demands and utilize harsh punishments for wrong doings that could be corrected through examples or positive reinforcement. Click on the link to watch a short skit! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oeaG_Lx-keU&feature=related
Authoritative Parenting
Style: Encouraging, Punishment: warm, nurturing, explains constructive consequences and reasoning behind them. Communication: give-and-take, positive feedback, praise, open-ended Results: children of
authoritative parents are often cheerful and outgoing, achievement oriented and strive to meet their goals. They cope well with stress and have good relationships with peers.
Neglectful Parenting
Style: Uninvolved Punishment: Few cases of punishment due to uninvolvement
Communication:
Little communication which leads to the childs sense that parents other aspects or life are much more important.
Result: Children of
Authoritarian parents are often socially incompetent, lack of self-control, low self-esteem, immature, and are not successful with independence
Involvement in addictive behaviors and lack of support or friendship can oftentimes leave children of neglectful parents with loneliness, fear and anxiety.
Indulgent/Permissive Parenting
Style: Highly involved Punishment: Allow with children but place few children to do as they demands or controls on please them Communication: Parents believe this will foster a creative, confident child. Overindulge verbally and materialistically Result: These children will rarely learn respect for others and have difficulty controlling their behavior. Might be domineering, egocentric, and noncompliant
Accepting, Responsive
Demanding, Controlling
Authoritative
Undemanding, Uncontrolling
Indulgent
Neglectful
Punishment
The most successful way to increase a desired behavior is to use positive reinforcement. Negative Reinforcement is to remove a negative stimulus following a response. This is the least successful way to increase a desired behavior.
Because you're late to work one morning, you drive over the speed limit through a school zone. As a result, you get pulled over by a police officer and receive a ticket.
When something desired is taken away in order to decrease a certain behavior, it is called Negative Punishment. This is the least effective of all punishments.
Co-parenting
Support given by each parent when raising a child Poor co-parenting can place children at risk Research shows coparenting as more beneficial than either maternal or paternal parenting in terms of development
Resources
Cherry, Kendra. (n.d.). Parenting styles. Retrieved from http://psychology.about.com/od/developmentalpsychology/a/pa renting-style.htm Dubai, Helen. (2011). Permissive parenting style. Retrieved from http://www.consistent-parenting-advice.com/permissiveparenting-style.html Dubai, Helen. (2011). Uninvolved parenting style. Retrieved from http://www.consistent-parenting-advice.com/uninvolved parenting-style.html Kidsplane. (n.d.). Parenting styles. Retrieved from http://www.kidsplane.com/parents/parenting_style/index.html Santrock, J. W. (2012). Essentials of Life-Span Development. (2nd ed.) New York: NY.