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Summary of Seminar
Design Operation Maintenance Ask questions at any time!!! Presentation in booklet form.
Informational session:
4/24/2014
Agenda
Principles of Centrifugation Decanter Design Decanter Operation Decanter Maintenance Condition Monitoring
Vibration Analysis
Special Items
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Settling Tank
Pool Depth
Pool Depth
Pool Depth
Settling occurs at 1 G
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Settling Vessel
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Centrifuge
G
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Pool Depth
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Solids Movement
Solids Beach
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Solids Dewatering
Straight Beach 5o Compound Beach 3o 7o
Beach
Liquid
Solids
Solids have to pass through liquid in order to exit bowl!!!
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Centrifugation
(IDBowl)(RPMBowl)2 G= 70414
where:
Fast and efficient way to obtain product. Continuous feed and output. RPM has a very strong effect on total Gs:
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For 2X Gs, you need 2X the ID. RPMs would increase by only 41%.
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Decanter Components
Rotating Assembly
Bowl Shell
Heads
Drive Assembly
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Cylinders
Screen Section
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Effluent Head
From the inside... How is pool depth controlled???
Effluent Wiers
Deep Pond
Shallow Pond
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Screens
Cut Plate
Slot Size
Slot Size
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Finish
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Start
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Conveyor Components
Conveyor Flight(s)
Feed Trunnion Gear Trunnion
Accelerator
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Conveyor Flight
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Gear Unit
Gear Unit Housing (2 Ring Gears) 1st Stage Carrier (2nd Stage Sun)
1st
Rotating Assembly
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Gear Flange
Gear Unit Housing is the Input
Gear Flange
Gear Trunnion
Machine Frame
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Hoppers
Solids
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Wash
Effluent
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Backdrive
Machine Gear End
Jackshaft
Backdrive Motor
Shear Pin
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Jackshaft Coupling
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Decanter Operation
The R/A does the actual work of separation. Four factors affect centrifuge performance:
Bowl Speed (RPM) Feed Rate (Qf) Pool Depth (d) Differential (D)
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Bowl Speed
Bowl speed determines centrifugal force. G RPM2 -- doubling RPM results in 4X the G force felt by slurry. Higher Gs increase solids dryness and effluent clarity. Too many Gs result in the inability to convey solids.
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Feed Rate
Feed rate affects liquid residence time. Qf 1/Rl -- increase in feed rate decreases liquid residence time. Increased feed rate decreases effluent clarity.
Over a given period, more slurry enters bowl, more solids displace liquid -- less time for lighter solids to precipitate from the liquid.
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Pond Depth
Pool depth affects liquid residence time. d Rl -- increase in pond depth increases liquid residence time. Higher pool increases effluent clarity. Higher pool decreases solids dryness.
Beach is shorter, less area to dewater the solids. Adjust only after other options have been used.
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Extremely sensitive:
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Differential
Differential affects solids residence time. D 1/Rs -- decrease in differential increases solids residence time. Decrease in D increases solids dryness.
Conveyor RPM approaches that of the bowl, less net motion, solids move more slowly on beach -- more time to dewater. More solids build up on bowl wall.
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Differential II
(RPMBowl - RPMPinion) D= Gear Box Ratio Backdrives effectively cause the gear box ratio to increase, which speeds up the conveyor relative to the bowl. Large amounts of torque must be overcome in order to turn the pinion.
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Daily Checklist
Inspect
Listen
for excessive bearing noise. Inspect machine for any loose hardware. Verify proper lube oil flow. Verify proper oil supply pressure. Check ammeter readings.
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Daily Checklist II
bearing input oil below 100o F. Verify bearing ouput oil below 155o F. Inspect condition of isolators:
Verify
Inspect
condition of flexible connectors. Test fault light lamps. Ensure proper backdrive operation.
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Monthly Checklist
Inspect
Remove
feed tube and check for clogging. Inspect machine interior for material packing.
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operation procedures.
Inspect
conveyor for flight / tile wear. Check gear box oil level. Check drive belt tension. Have vibration analysis performed.
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Vibration Analysis
Why?
Data transformed into easily read and interpreted form. Overall vibration data can be broken down into component vibrations associated with specific machine parts. Using consistent methods of data collection, component vibrations can be tracked over time.
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Time Domain
Time
Amplitude
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Waveform Components
Period (Ty) = 0.9 Seconds
Time
Amplitude
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Tg = 0.3 Seconds
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Frequency / CPM
f=1/T
Previous example (Yellow 0.9, Green 0.3): fy = 1 / 0.9 = 1.11 Hz fg = 1 / 0.3 = 3.33 Hz CPMy = 1.11 / 60 = 66.6 CPM CPMg = 3.33 / 60 = 199.8 CPM
CPM = f / 60
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Waveform Summation
t=x Ay= .95
S = .55
Time
Ag= -0.4
Amplitude
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Amplitude
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Frequency Domain
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Frequency Domain II
Amplitude
y ( f ) = x (t )e
j 2ft
dt
FAST FOURIER TRANSFORM Provides a clear and easy way to interpret data. 1.11
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3.33
5.55
7.77
Frequency
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Decanter Vibration
Gear End Pillow Block Feed End Pillow Block
Gear Pinion
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Ask away!!!
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Please do not hesitate to call me with any questions or problems at: +49 175 4054649
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