Intro to Java

Java Applications
Swing Class
Graphics
Java Outline
Today
Intro and Applications
GUI
Client / Server
RMI, JDBC
2
JAVA Implementation
3
Java program
Java program
VM
Java Cmds
Java program
VM
Java Cmds
Java program
VM
Java Cmds
SPARC PowerPC Intel
Operations Environments

Applications program (~DOS window)
supports file access
Applet (browser) no longer generally supported
supports Internet linkages.
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Building Java Applications
Using Java Development Kit
Get a copy of the JDK (www.oracle.com, etc.)
Install the development kit (tools and classes)
Create MyApp.java source file
text editor (notepad, etc.)
winedit, Caf, etc.
Compile .java file to create .class file
javac MyApp.java
Run application (.class file) through java VM
java MyApp
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Building Java Applications
Using Java IDEs
NetBeans
Available from netbeans.org
Eclipse
Available from www.eclipse.org
jCreator le
available from jcreator.com
jcreator pro academic license $35
jDeveloper
available from www.oracle.com/technetwork/developer-
tools/jdev
many others
Sample Java App
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G:\Data\Java\MyHelloApp>type MyHelloApp.java
class MyHelloApp
{
public static void main (String argv[])
{
String message[] = new String[2];
message[0] = "Welcome to CS423";
message[1] = "The subject is JAVA!";

System.out.println (message[0]);
System.out.println (message[1]);
}
}
MyHelloApp Implementation
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MyHelloApp.java
MyHelloApp.class
VM
machine code
MyHelloApp.class
Java compiler
Java byte code
Sample Java App
9
G:\Data\Java\MyHelloApp>javac MyHelloApp.java

G:\Data\Java\MyHelloApp>java MyHelloApp
Welcome to CS423
The subject is JAVA!

G:\Data\Java\MyHelloApp>
MyHelloApp.class
Get Input from User
11
import java.io.*;

class InputApp
{
InputApp ()
{
DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream (System.in);
String sIn = " ";
String sOut = " ";
File fIn;
File fOut;
FileInputStream fis;
FileOutputStream fos;
int iNumBytesRead;
byte[] ab;

Get Input from User
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System.out.println
("*-------------------------------------------*");
System.out.print ("Enter Source File Name Here: ");
System.out.flush ();
try {sIn = dis.readLine ();}
catch (Exception e)
{System.out.println ("Exception on input file name"
+ e);}
System.out.print("Enter Destination File Name Here: ");
System.out.flush ();
try {sOut = dis.readLine ();}
catch (Exception e)
{System.out.println ("Exception on output file name"
+ e);}

Get Input from User
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try
{
fIn = new File (sIn);
fis = new FileInputStream (fIn);
fOut = new File (sOut);
fos = new FileOutputStream (fOut);
ab = new byte[2048];
while ((iNumBytesRead = fis.read (ab)) != -1)
{ fos.write (ab, 0, iNumBytesRead); }
fis.close ();
fos.close ();
}
catch (Exception e)
{System.out.println ("Exception during copy: " + e); }

Get Input from User
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System.out.println ("Data copied from " + sIn + " to "
+ sOut);
System.out.println
("*-------------------------------------------*");
}

public static void main (String args[])
{
new InputApp ();
}
}

Get Input from User
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G:\Data\Java\InputApp>java InputApp
*-------------------------------------------*
Enter Source File Name Here: books_db.txt
Enter Destination File Name Here: My_list.txt
Data copied from books_db.txt to My_list.txt
*-------------------------------------------*

G:\Data\Java\InputApp>
Swing Components
Defined in package javax.swing
Pure Java components
AWT components tied to local platform GUI
UNIX java windows look like X windows
Windows java windows look like Windows
windows (??)
etc.
Swing defines a common look and feel for
Java.

Product.java
// From Java: How to Program - Deitel and Deitel
// Calculate the product of three integers
import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
public class Product {
public static void main( String args[] )
{
int x, y, z, result;
String xVal, yVal, zVal;
xVal = JOptionPane.showInputDialog(
"Enter first integer:" );
yVal = JOptionPane.showInputDialog(
"Enter second integer:" );
zVal = JOptionPane.showInputDialog(
"Enter third integer:" );
Product.java

x = Integer.parseInt( xVal );
y = Integer.parseInt( yVal );
z = Integer.parseInt( zVal );

result = x * y * z;
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog( null,
"The product is " + result );

System.exit( 0 );
}
}
Product Output(s)
JOptionPane
Similar to windows message boxes
Types of Option Panes:

showConfirmDialog(null,message,title,optionType,msgType);
Asks a confirming question, like yes/no/cancel.
showInputDialog(message);
Prompt for some input.
showMessageDialog(null, message);
Tell the user about something that has happened.
showOptionDialog(....);
The Grand Unification of the above three.

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Additional Swing Options

JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "This is an alert",
"Alert", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);





JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(null,
"Is that your final answer?", "Choice Dialog",
JOptionPane.YES_NO_OPTION);

Additional Swing Options
Object[] options = { "Lady", "Tiger" };
choice = JOptionPane.showOptionDialog(null,
"What will it be -\nThe Lady or the Tiger?", "Decision",
JOptionPane.DEFAULT_OPTION, JOptionPane.QUESTION_MESSAGE,
null, options, options[0]);




if (choice == 0)
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog( null, "You chose the Lady",
"Result", JOptionPane.PLAIN_MESSAGE );
else
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog( null, "You chose the Tiger",
"Result", JOptionPane.PLAIN_MESSAGE );
Additional Swing Options

Object[] possibleValues = { "First", "Second", "Third" };
Object selectedValue = JOptionPane.showInputDialog(null,
"Choose one", "Input", JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE,
null, possibleValues, possibleValues[0]);
Graphics in Applications
Must include a main() method
Must extend the AWT Frame class, or swing
JFrame class
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HelloWorldWindow
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import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;

public class HelloWorldWindow implements WindowListener
{
public HelloWorldWindow()
{
myFrame f=new myFrame();
f.addWindowListener (this);

}
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.out.println ("Closing Window");
System.exit(0);
}

HelloWorldWindow
class myFrame extends Frame{
myFrame()
{
this.setSize(300, 200);
this.show();
}
public void paint(Graphics g)
{
String str = "A Windows version of Hello, World";
g.drawString(str, 25, 75);
}
public static void main(String[] args)
{ Frame f = new HelloWorldWindow();
f.resize(300, 200);
f.show();
}
}
}
HelloWorldWindow Output
public void paint (Graphics g)
Provides an initial presentation of Graphics
Works on Graphics object
(like device context).
Place to store settings for screen output (text,
images. etc.)
Must be regenerated following changes.
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Event Driven Programming
Operating System recognizes an event
Sends a signal to appropriate object
Object receives event notification and calls
appropriate function

public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.out.println ("Closing Window");
System.exit(0);
}

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Object Layout
BorderLayout (default for Frames)
FlowLayout (default for Panels)
GridLayout
GridbagLayout
CardLayout
Fixed:
object.reshape (x, y, width, height);
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nuTextTest Example
Linux
Windows
NuTextTest2.java
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;

public class NuTextTest2 extends JFrame {
public NuTextTest2() {
setTitle("NuTextTest2");
Container p = getContentPane();
p.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
TickButton = new Button("Tick");
p.add(TickButton);
TickButton.addActionListener(
new ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed (ActionEvent e) {
int minutes = Integer.parseInt(minuteField.getText());
minutes += 1;
String min = String.valueOf(minutes);
minuteField.setText(min);
}
} //end of ActionListener
); //end of TickButton
NuTextTest2.java
SetTime = new Button("Set Time");
p.add(SetTime);
SetTime.addActionListener(
new ActionListener()
{
public void actionPerformed (ActionEvent e)
{
String tim = hourField.getText()+ ":" +
minuteField.getText();
timeField.setText(tim);
}
}
);

NuTextTest2.java
hourField = new TextField("12", 3);
p.add(hourField);
minuteField = new TextField("00", 3);
p.add(minuteField);
timeField = new TextField("", 12);
p.add(timeField);

setSize (400,100);
show ();
}//end of NuTextTest2 (constructor)

private TextField hourField;
private TextField minuteField;
private TextField timeField;
private Button TickButton;
private Button SetTime;

NuTextTest2.java
public static void main(String[] args)
{
NuTextTest2 app = new NuTextTest2();
app.addWindowListener(
new WindowAdapter() {
public void windowClosing( WindowEvent e )
{
System.exit( 0 );
}
}
);
}//end of main()
}//end of program
Summary
Java is:
Platform independent
Object-oriented
Dynamic
Flexible used in many different domains
Command line or graphical