Paper Industry

What is paper?
Material made from plant fibres called cellulose
Originally derived from cloth rags and grasses but
now predominantly made with wood
Used for writing, drawing, printing, or even as a
wrapping material
Classification of Paper
Newsprint
most commonly used to print newspapers and
other publications and advertising material
because it is low cost, has a printable surface,
and offers reasonable color
mostly ground wood
weak in terms of durability because the
grinding process cuts the fibers
opacity is a good feature because impurities,
mainly lignin, offer natural opacity
Colored Newsprint
Used for printing classified addresses and
information in telephone directory
color offers the advantage of hiding impurities of
the standard grayish white sheet
slightly increased cost because of the dyes
Offset Papers
most offset papers are chemical free sheets due
to delignification
woodfree uncoated paper meaning it has no
coated pigment applied
has good strength and high brightness
provide a non-glare surface suitable for writing
and reading
mainly designed for offset lithography printing
process
Mimeograph Paper
used for mimeographing
vellum-finish offset paper
features an eggshell-like feeling when touched
Opaque Paper
no light passes through it
increased opacity and whiteness because of
titanium as an excellent additive
excellent for printing process color because of its
added whiteness and opacity
used in high quality printed literature such as
annual reports
Tablet Paper
used for school
purposes
offers a better surface
for ink writing because
of sizing

Bond Paper
originally made for printing documents
common in business offices
durable, strong, and opaque paper used for
writing, typing, printing, photocopying, etc.
Onion Skin
thin, lightweight,
durable, and often
translucent
has 25% rag content
comes in cockle and
smooth finishes
Manifold Paper
made from wood fiber
used with carbon to
produce multiple
copies
Bible Paper
commonly used for Bibles
thin and lightweight
used for printing books which have a large
number of pages like bibles, encyclopedias, and
dictionaries
Deckle Edge
A deckle is a wooden frame,
placed in the papermaking
mould to define the edges of
the sheet. As the pulp dries,
it forms an irregular textured
edge called a 'deckle edge
has a fancy, wavy, feathered
edge
A feathered edge is often
used on wedding
invitations and can also be
found on some greeting
cards, thank you notes, and
scrapbook pages
Raw Materials
Raw Materials
1. Stock/Pulp
Source of fiber for the production of paper

2. Chemicals

a.) Alum(Aluminum Sulfate)
-Added to paper stock to increase its acidity to pH 5
-Essential additive for good refining
-good for water treatment in order to induce
flocculation



2. Chemicals
b.) Sizing Materials
-Improves resistance of paper to water
-improves printing or writing properties by
controlling ink penetration

Rosin (colophony)
-a translucent, brittle resin used in varnish and
many other products
-produced as a residue when crude turpentine
is distilled to make the essential oil, spirit of
turpentine.
2. Chemicals
c.) China clay (kaolin)
-used to improve opacity, brightness and finish of
the paper
-addition of clay tends to weaken paper
-talc may be used as a substitute

d.) Titanium Dioxide
-improves brightness of paper

e.) Dyes
-used to impart color to the paper