Introduction

Chapter 1
Dental Materials
DAE/DHE 203

Enthusiasm for the Subject!!

What other topic could be so much to look forward to??

Student BEFORE Dental Materials class

Physical Reactions
Be careful. this could
happen to you!!
I love Mental Materials!

Student AFTER Dental

Materials Class!!

Introduction

The Science of Dental Materials

Its importance to our studies

History of Dental Materials

Characteristics of Ideal Dental Materials

Quality Assurance Programs

Identification of Restorations

The Science of Dental Materials:

Development & evaluation of materials

Characteristics of the material

Safety and Health
Effectiveness and Duration

Dynamic field in dentistry

The Science of Dental Materials:

Why are we studying this field?

History of Dental Materials:

Dating as early as 500 B.C. - present

Metals gold
Plaster and wax models
Prosthetics of bone, ivory, wax, metals
Porcelains late 1700s
Amalgam early 1800s
Acrylics 1940s
Adhesive dentistry 1970s - present

The Oral Environment:

What characteristics of the oral
environment potentially challenge and
place demands upon dental materials?

Characteristics of Ideal
Materials:

Biocompatible

Mechanically stable & durable

Strong, resistant to fracture

Resistant to Corrosion

Non-toxic, non-irritating, non-allergenic

Does not deteriorate over time

Dimensionally Stable

Little change by temperature & solvents

Characteristics of Ideal
Materials:

Minimal conduction

Esthetic

Looks like oral tissue

Easy to manipulate

Insulates against thermal/electrical change

Minimal/reasonable effort & time needed

Adheres to tissues

Retains onto, and seals, tooth structure

Characteristics of Ideal
Materials:

Tasteless and Odorless

Cleanable/Repairable

Not unpleasant to patient

Easily maintained or fixed

Cost-effective

Affordability vs. benefits/disadvantages

Quality Assurance:

Food & Drug Administration (FDA)

American Dental Association (ADA)

Ensures safety & efficacy of material/device

Council on Scientific Affairs establishes standards and
specifications
ADA seal of acceptance

Clinical studies when there are no standards

International Standards Organization (ISO)

Identification of Restorations:

Dental Restoration

Restores function & appearance of oral

structure lost by pathology, injury, or is
congenitally missing

Examples:
Pathology caries: filling
Injury broken tooth: crown
Congenitally Missing: prosthetic (i.e. bridge)

Identification of Restorations:

Direct Restoration

A restoration that is created and placed

directly into the prep site of the tooth
(i.e. amalgam filling, composite filling)

Indirect Restoration

A restoration that is created outside of the

mouth on a model of the prepped tooth
and later fixed into the mouth
(i.e. gold crown, denture)

Direct Fillings:

Usually made of
amalgam (silver
metal) or composite
(acrylic) materials
For caries of various
degrees; anterior or
posterior teeth

Posterior amalgam fillings

Direct Fillings:
Anterior Composite Filling

Posterior Composite Filling

Crown:

Porcelain-Fused-to-Metal (PFM) Crown

Indirect restoration
to replace missing
crown of tooth, or
protect remaining
crown of tooth
Caries, fractures,
teeth with RCT,
esthetics
Made of porcelain,
metals, or both

Bridge:

An indirect restoration; to replace one

or more missing teeth
fixed not removable; cemented to
existing teeth
Made of porcelain, metals, or both
Abutment the existing tooth/teeth
supporting the bridge
Pontic the replacement tooth

Bridge:
Pontic

Missing tooth

area to be restored
Abutments

Bridge:
Anterior bridge on model

Anterior bridge before cementation

How many abutment teeth

does the patient have?

Bridge:
Before treatment

After bridge
cementation

FYI: Ancient Egyptian Bridge

Gold wire used to hold pontic crowns.

Indirect Restorations:

Inlay

A fabricated restoration made of metal or

porcelain that replaces missing tooth
structure; does NOT include the restoration
of any cusps

Onlay

A fabricated restoration (as above) that

DOES include the restoration of at least
one cusp

Inlays vs. Onlays:

Porcelain Inlays

Gold Onlay

Veneers:

All-porcelain or
acrylic facing for
tooth
Primarily used for
esthetic reasons
Can alter shape &
color of existing
tooth

Denture:

The removable dental prosthetic used

to replace all of the teeth in an arch;
patient is edentulous.

Made of acrylic (teeth may be porcelain)

Partial Denture replaces some teeth

in the arch; patient is partially
edentulous.

Made of acrylic usually with metal

substructure and clasps

Denture:
Full Upper and Lower Denture

Denture:
Removable
Partial Denture

metal clasp for retention

Endodontic Restorations:

Endodontic inside the tooth;

root canal treatment (RCT)

Gutta percha used to fill the canal

Post and Core

The post is a metal piece that is screwed

into and cemented into the root canal
The core is built-up around the post to
create more available tooth structure

Endodontic Restorations:
Post
(The core is built upon
this post.)

Gutta Percha
(Silver Points used to be
used in the canal as a filler.)

Endodontic Restorations:
amalgam
Build-up

unrestored
pulp

Gutta percha

posts

Pediatric Restorations:
Stainless Steel
Crown (SSC):
Prefabricated
Cemented

Pediatric Restorations:
Space Maintainer:
Holds space where
primary tooth was
prematurely lost
Stainless steel
band/crown with loop
Fabricated outside of
the mouth; cemented