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NORHIDAYAH MOHD ASNAN

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 Broken

of undersea cable.

Undersea cable in South East Asia is an

optical submarine telecommunication cable
linking those regions and is the longest in the
world, completed in late 2000.
It has 39 landing point : Malaysia have two
landing points which in Penang (meets
the SAFE and the FLAG cables) and Mersing.

i.

22 September, 2014
A part of undersea cable called AsiaAmerica Gateway (AAG) have been
breached somewhere between Hong Kong
and Vietnam.
The main reason cause the breakage of
cable is AAG cable system was built to a
below-standard technical design.
According to the report, the restoration
work on AAG will begin on 29 September
but subject to the weather and sea
condition.

i.

16 September 2014
The cable system that connects Southeast
Asia with the mainland of the United States,
through Guam and Hawaii across the Pacific
Ocean was said to be officially broken.
Connection degradation and high latency
were experienced in Malaysia when
accessing sites hosted in the US, North Asia,
and even Europe.
Restoration works are targeted to complete
by 6th October.

The fault appears to be located in the cable

connecting Vung Tau and Hong Kong.
A fault on (AAG) submarine cable system is
causing data degradation, affecting Internet
users in the Southeast Asian region accessing
sites based in the US.
This will cause the users on Streamyx and
Unifi experience occasional packet loss and
high pings when accessing US-based servers.

Worse still is the fact that repairs will take

longer than usual, as Hong Kong is currently
facing Typhoon Kalmaegi.
Telekom Malaysia has released a
statement regarding the fault in the AAG
submarine cable.
TM has taken measures to divert Internet
traffic to alternative routes, as well as
optimising its networks to reduce congestion.

WET PLANT COMPONENTS : Cables

Repeaters
Branching Units

DRY PLANT COMPONENTS : Power Feeding Units

Submarine Line Terminals
SDH and OTN Interconnection Equipment

The internet is as vulnerable underwater as it

is underground

There are many ongoing aquatic threats to

the submarine cables
The Internet is ever at risk of being disrupted
by boat anchors, trawling by fishing vessels,
and natural disasters.
A Toronto-based company has proposed
running a cable through the Arctic that
connects Tokyo and London but affected by
climate change and the melting ice caps.

Spies

During

love underwater cables.

the height of the Cold War, the USSR

often transmitted weakly encoded messages
between two of its major naval bases which
is directly linked by an undersea cable.

Americans take risk of World War III by trying to

somehow access and tap that cable.

American

submarine found the cable and

installed a giant wiretap, returning monthly
to gather the transmissions it had
recorded.
Today, tapping submarine communications
cables is standard operation procedure for
spy agencies.

Underwater cables are not easy to repair

When

a submarine cable is damaged,

special repair ships are dispatched
If the cable is located in shallow waters,
robots are deployed to grab the cable
and haul it to the surface
To make things easier, grapnels
sometimes cut the damaged cable in
two, and repair ships raise each end
separately for patching above the water.

The

internets undersea
backbone is built to last for 25
years

There are 285 communications cables at the

bottom of the ocean, and 22 of them are not
yet in use which are called dark cables.
In 2013, Internet traffic was 5 gigabytes per
capita; this number is expected to reach 14
gigabytes per capita by 2018.
Such an increase would obviously pose a
capacity problem and require more frequent
cable upgrades.

However, new techniques in phase

modulation and improvements in submarine
line terminal equipment (SLTE) have boosted
capacity in some places.
The wires we have are more than ready for
the traffic to come.

Along with high transmission performance

100G solution offers an outstanding
equipment density with up to 2.5 Tb/s
capacity per rack.
This 2.5 Tb/s figure includes both twentyfive 100G line interfaces and a total of 250
client interfaces at 10G in a single rack.
100G solution achieves a 50% power
reduction (per 10G equivalent) compared to
10G interface card.

Alcatel-Lucent has completed an upgrade of

the Apollo undersea cable system linking the
UK and France to the United States by using
100G technologies.
It enables each transatlantic system to
ultimately carry capacity in excess of 25
Tbps, offering Apollo a seamless path to
expand the undersea network in an efficient
and cost-effective way.

A High-Performance Submarine Line Terminal

allowing significant capacity increases.
High performance Submarine Line Terminal
Equipment (SLTE) specifically designed for long
repeatered submarine links with submerged
repeaters.
The main application is in adding capacity to
existing undersea systems, where it produces
significant increases to the original design
capacity.
However, it can be used as the terminals for new
systems.

For 100G channel rate is now proposed and

its performance over long links is enabled by
adding the combined benefits of coherent
technology and soft-decision Forward Error
Correction (FEC).
It also offers high equipment density and low
power consumption, and a responsive, easyto-use management system.

Branching Units (BUs) are used in optical fiber

undersea cable systems where multiple
landing points are required.
Connections can be achieved in the optical
domain as well as in the electrical domain.
The Alcatel Auto-latching Branching Unit (BU)
is designed for repeatered applications in
submarine cable networks.
It provides fiber branching capabilities and a
simple and robust scheme for reconfiguring
the power feed paths, enabling flexible and
economical network solutions.

Retrieve from
http://kickerdaily.com/undersea-internetcable-breaks-again-causes-slow-internetacross-southeast-asia/
http://www.techattack.my/17805/asiaamerica-gateway-undersea-cable-brokenrestoration-expected-complete-october-6th/
http://www.lowyat.net/2014/09/fault-inaag-submarine-cable-causes-massiveinternet-slowdown-across-southeast-asia/
http://mentalfloss.com/article/60150/10facts-about-internets-undersea-cables