Aluminium Shear Yielding

Damper
as Energy Dissipation
Alok Raj
Dual degree,
Civil Engineering
Devices
Indian Institute of Technology
Kanpur

Thesis Supervisor: Prof.

Durgesh C Rai

Contents
1. Introduction
2. Objective
3. Literature review
3.1 Al-SYD for passive control of seismic response of Truss
Moment Frame (TMFs) - Ankit Sachan, 2011
3.2 Placement of bilinear hysteretic energy dissipation devices
for passive control of RC structures - Puneet Chugh, 2013

4. Conclusions
5. Future scope

Introduction

Truss Moment Frame

Advantages

Better option for large spans

Very economical
Simple detailing of moment connections
Ducts and pipes can be installed through web openings
High strength to weight ratio, large ductility, ease of fabrication and erection

Disadvantages
Poor seismic performance

AL-SYD as an Energy dissipator

Utilises metallic hysteresis for enhanced seismic energy dissipation
Designed to yield in shear mode
Very ductile and very large deformations possible without tearing or buckling.

Objective
Improve the performance of TMFs by introducing a device that
can absorb seismic energy
Enhance energy dissipation without considerable decrease in
stiffness of structure
To develop a design methodology for the designing of Al-SYD for
the TMF
To develop a methodology to determine optimal location of AlSYDs
To determine optimal number of dampers needed in a structure

Al-SYD for passive control of seismic response of Truss

Moment Frame (TMFs) - Sachan,2011
Designed so as to allow inelastic activity in Al-SYD
Al-SYD was modelled as link element and designed using design lateral load as per
IS1893 and Energy based design

Experimental Procedure
Prototype Structure and Al-SYD was scaled down to 1/6 th
Two types of specimen: Specimen 1 (Al-SYD TMF) & Specimen 2 (TMF)
Free vibration tests: Impact hammer test and snap back tests were
performed to evaluate model dynamic properties.
For dynamic loading, TaftN21E component of 1952 kern Country
earthquake was used.
Test Specimen (Al-SYD
Loading sequence of specimen started with Taft (PGA 0.05g) up to

Taft (PGA 2.40g).

TMF)

(Sachan,2011)
White noise (0.05g) was applied before and after the application
of each

Taft motions to investigate the change in stiffness of structure .

Results
Change in variation of natural frequency in specimen 1 and Specimen 2
(Sachan,2011)

Sl. No. Loading Stage

Frequency (Hz)

Specimen 1 Specimen 2
1
0.05g
3.13
4.21

Observation
Specimen 1
Specimen 2

0.10g - 0.30g

3.13

4.19

Loosening of welds

0.45g -0.90g

2.49

4.12

Yielding of shear link

Loosening of welds

1.05g - 1.35g

2.49

4.1

Loosening of welds

1.50 g

2.49

4.1

Onset of buckling

1.65g

2.49

All shear link buckled

Initiation of inelastic
activity in columns

1.80g - 2.10g

2.34

2.25g

2.1

After Taft Motion with PGA

1.65g

Tearing in one of the

link
Excessive tearing in
all shear links

After Taft Motion with PGA 2.25g

(Sachan,2011)

Comparison of results

Natural frequency observed for Specimen 1

was lower

For all ground motion, roof acceleration,

base shear and base overturning moment
reduced significantly for Al-SYD TMF

Roof drift for both specimen was mostly

same.

Hysteretic plots for specimen 1 was

observed to be smaller than TMF

Comparison of average Peak roof

acceleration

Comparison of average Peak roof

acceleration

Comparison of average Peak roof acceleration

Analytical Study
Al-SYD TMF and TMF was modelled in SAP 2000
Shear link was modelled as two link element
Non-linear static pushover analysis was performed in both model
Non-linear direct integration analysis was performed using Taft
Motion
Base shear obtained analytically was found to match closely with
experimental result

Load displacement using Pushover

analysis

Base shear comparison

Sachan (2011)

Placement of bilinear Hysteretic Energy dissipation devices for passive control of

RC structures - Puneet Chugh, 2013

Analytical Study
Three different 2D frames of 4, 6 and 10 storeys were considered
Simplified Sequential Search Algorithm (SSSA) with Optimal Location Index was
used to obtain optimal or most efficient configuration
Nonlinear direct integration time history analysis was performed on considered
frames
RMS value of peak interstorey drift (i, RMS) was obtained and Optimal Location
index (i)value was found
Analysis was repeated with the first damper in place and the optimal location of
next damper was sequentially found

Optimal Damper Locations

(Chugh,2013)
Frame
Number of
Dampers

Damper
Locations

4-Storeys

2-1-3

6-Storeys

2-1-3-4-2

10-Storeys

4-3-2-5-2-6-3-7

Performance at desired seismicity

Each frames were subjected to another set of (scaled) ground motion.
Peak RMS floor displacement is less than target displacement (i) for DBE
(calculated from FEMA 356 (2000)).
Far Field
Motions

Near Field Motions Far Field

Motions

Peak floor displacement

comparison

Near Field Motion

Peak RMS floor displacement

for DBE
(Chugh, 2013)

SSSA on 3D structures
Interstory translational displacement and torsional response of floor
contributes to interstory drifts.
Along with optimal location of floor, optimal location index for all
the floors of each frame was found.
After placing the damper at this location, the SSSA process is
repeated.

Target displacement
Target displacement (t) for DBE and MCE at node was calculated
using Displacement Coefficient Method described in FEMA 356
(2000).
C0, C1, C2, C3 = Modification Factors
Sa = Response spectrum acceleration
Te = Effective fundamental period

Conclusions
In Al-SYD TMF, reduction in base shear in the range of 36% to 82%.
Peak roof accelerations experienced in Al-SYD TMF was 40%-80% lower
than that in TMF.
SSSA with proposed Optimal Location Index can efficiently determine
the location of dampers.
Performance of damper added frames satisfy the acceptability limits of
roof drift and interstory drifts.

Future Scope
Application of damper at any other location in Al-SYD TMF can be
studied.
Pseudo dynamic testing on full scale model of Al-SYD TMF will provide
confidence on working of shear link in Al-SYD TMF.
Efficiency of SSSA procedure can be tested on other structures.
Modification in the procedure due to mass and Stiffness distribution can
be investigated.

Thank You