Professional Documents
Culture Documents
, All Rights
CHAPTER
13
Global Marketing and
R&D
Key Issues
13-1
Globalization of Markets?
• “A powerful force drives the world toward a converging
commonality, and that force is technology” (Levitt, 1983)
• “Converging commonality” may not have happened
universally
• Consumer product tastes may have converged less than
industrial product specifications
• Media, communications means have
– made consumers world-wide more aware of their mutual
preferences and
– contributed to creation of world brands
– caused certain market segments to emerge across national market
that have indeed converged--inter-market segments
Market Segmentation
13-3
International Marketing
13-5
• Marketing Strategy
– Standardization (Global Integration Pressures)
• intermarket segments
• efficiencies through integrated R&D, Production, Marketing
• control implications
– Adaptation (Local Responsiveness Pressures)
• buyer behavior (cultural, economic influence, brand
perception--country of origin idea)
• laws regulations
• local environment needs/development
• responsive to local condition shifts
• Standardization-adaptation implications on
marketing mix: Product-Pricing-Promotion-Place
McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights
Slide
Product
• Product: a bundle of attributes
– Hamburger: meat type, taste, texture, size
– Automobile: power, design, quality, performance,
comfort, size/capacity
• Attributes need to be adapted to a greater or
lesser extent to satisfy
– Consumer preferences/tastes due to culture
– Economic development levels affect consumer
behavior
– National product/technical standards mandated by
state
Promotion
• Determinants of push/pull strategies
– Product type and consumer sophistication
– Channel length
– Media availability
• Push vs pull strategies
– Push strategy: personal selling emphasis
• Industrial products; complex new products
• Short distribution channels
• Few print or electronic media
– Pull strategy: mass media advertising
• Consumer goods
• Long distribution channels
• Marketing message can be carried via print/electronic media
McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights
Slide
13-10