Assalamualaikum

KELOMPOK I

PENYUSUN :
RAHMAWATI (4001410002)
WAHYU ESTIANI (4001410006)
IKA RAHMAWATI (4001410042)
DHARIS DWI A. (4001410045)
MIKA SETYA A. (4001410054)

PENDIDIKAN IPA

FLUIDS

 There are three states of matter,

i.e.:
solid,
liquid,
gas,
plasma

 Solids is defined into

crystalline, ex.salt
amorphous, ex.glass

 A liquid is incompressible and has definite

volume but no definite shape
A gas is easily compressed
Liquid and gases have an ability to flow. That
is why both liquid and gases are usually called
fluid or the flowing substance..

 A plasma is an ionized gas and is yhe

most common form of matter in the
universe, since the insides of stars
are plasmas

Phases Charge

Solid

1. Melting
2. Evaporat
e
3. Sublimat
e
4. Frozen
5. Sublimat
e
6. kondenta
te

4
1

liquid

6
3

2
5

ga

The Term fluid refers to gases and

liquids

1. Density
Density () of a material is
defined as its mass (m) per unit
volume (V).
Mathemathically, density is
formulated as:

Fluids will be divided into

two parts, i.e. hydrostatics
which discusses about the
static fluid or fluid at rest and
hydrodynamics which
discusses about fluids in
motion.

2. Pressure
Pressure is defined as the force per
unit of area

P=

Atmospheric pressure= 105 P

Define of Hydrostatics
Fluid statics(also
calledhydrostatics) is thescience
offluidsat rest, and is a sub-field
withinfluid mechanics.

Liquid pressure in motionless is called

hydrostatics pressure.
Hydrostatics pressure depends on
density, height or dept of liquid, also
earth gravitasional acceleration, so it
can be formulated as follows:

P=.g.h

in which:
p= hydrostatics pressure (N/m 2 or Pa).
= density of liquids (kg/m3)
g= Earth gravitasional acceleration
(m/s2)
h= height or depth of liquid (m)

Capillarity
Capillarity is the elevation or depression
of liquid (fluid) in a capillary tube. Some
common example of capillary: the rise of
kerosene through a stove fuse; in rainy
season, the wall gets wet because it
absorbs water.
Adhessive and Cohessive force cause the
meniscus property of the fluid surface so
the vertical components of the upward
force is influenced by the contact-angle
. The height of the fluid column in the
capillary tube:
h=

Pascals Law
Pascal is taken from the name of a
French mathematician and physicist.
His full name is Blaise Pascal, he
lived from year 1623- 1662.
pascal
expressed
Pressure
giventhat:
to liquid in closed
chamber will be continued by
the liquid
to every direction
with uniform and the same
magnitude.

 One of the applications of Pascals

Law is hydraulic lift.

ArchimedesLaw
Archimedes law states that when a body
is immersed in a fluid , the fluid exerts
an upwards force (buoyant force) on the
body whose magnitude is equal to the
weight of the fluid displaced by the body.
Mathematically formulated as :
FA= fluid V g

There are three possible cases of a body in a fluid,

i.e. floating, barely floating (completelly
submerged), and sinking.
Floating
A body is said to be floating if only some parts of the
body is submerged or beneath the water surface.
On a floating body, the magnitude of buoyant force
FA is equal to the bodys weight w= mg.
FA=mg
fluida gVt= bVbg
fluidaVt= bVbg

 Suspending
w=Fa
A body is said suspending
if the
b.Vb.g
=
body is immersed a.Va.g
at all but des not
reach base of the liquid. Vb=Va
b=a

 Sinking
A body is said sinking if the body is
immersed at all and lies on
w>Fthe
mb.g>ma.g
base of a liquid.
a

(Vb.b).g>(Va.a).g

Aplications of Archimedes
Law

1. Ponton bridge

2. Ship
3. Hydrometer
4. Submarine
5. dock

Viscosity
Viscosity is the tendency to resist
flow
On liquid, viscosity is caused mainly
by the cohesive force between its
moleculs; meanwhile on gases,
viscosity is caused by collicions
between its molecules.
We can observe viscosity by droping
a marble into a glass of cooking oil.
f=6
The magnitude of the frictional
force on the marble moving
rv at its
conctant velovity:

 Surface tension
Surface tension is defined as the force
along a line per unit length which is
parallel to the surface. The magnitude
of surface tension () of an object having
one surface :
=
For an object with to surface, the equation
become : =
Thus, we can say that each molecule can
only be atracted by its neighboring molecule.

 Aplication of surface tension in everyday

life:
1. Using soap or detergent which has an
effect to decrease the surface tension.
2. Small insect walk on its surface floating.

Hydrodynamics
Hydrodynamics is a brancah of
physics that studies about the
motion of fluid.
Hydrodynamics will be divided into two
parts, i.e. true fluid and ideal fluid.
Ideal fluid is fluid with properties of:
incompressible(the density of the fluid does
not depend on the pressure, it can not be
compressed). The ideal fluid flow is linear
(streamline), it mean that the flow is not
turbulent.

1. The Continuity Equation

Volume flow rate (Q) is defined as the
amount ( volume) of fluid flow per
time unit.
Mathematically, the rate of volume
flow is formulated as:
2. Q =
3. Q = A.v
4. Q1=Q2 or A1.v1=A2.v2

2. Bernoullis Equation
The complete form of Bernoullis
equation:
P1+
V12 +gh1 = P2+
V22 +gh2

Applicaton of Bernoulis
Principle
Flow from a tank hole.
v2=

 Sprayer

The airplane win

 Calculate hydrostatic pressrue of

water at the point t (see figure
besides), with depth of h = 30 cm
from water surface, if given
density of water = 1000kg/m3 and
earth gravitational accaleration =
10 m/s2.!
Solution:
Given: h=30 cm = 0,3 m
=1000kg/m3
g=10 m/s2
Asked: p=.?
Answer: p=gh
=1000kg/m3 . 10 m/s2 . 0,3 m
= 3000kg/ms2
= 3000 N/m2

 What would be depression of mercury inside a

coulumn with a radius of 2 mm, given that the
contact angle between mercury and glass is
1500 , surface tension is 0.545 N/m ,
gravitational acceleration (g) is 10 m/s2, and the
density of mercury is 13.600 kg/m3?
Solution:
Given: r= 2mm=0.002m; = 1500 ; =0.545N/m; g=
10 m/s2 ; = 13.600 kg/m3

Asked: h..?
Answer: h=
=
=- 3.48x10-3 m
= - 3.48 mm

Thanks for your attention