HVDC TRANSMISSION

SYSTEM

BY:
SAURAV
KAURA
be13104086

CONTENTS:

HISTORY.
INTRODUCTION.
WHY PREFERS.
HOW DOES IT WORKS.
ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES
CONCLUSION

History.
Firstly HVDC b/w Swedish and Gotland
in 1954.

In North America, total HVDC

transmission capacity in 1987 was
14,000 MW.

INTRODUCTION
HVDC stands for High Voltage Direct Transmission
for long distance transmission.

requires converter stations at each end of the

line.
can interconnect diff power systems( i.e 50 Hz
and 60 Hz)

HVAC
ADVANTAGES

Voltage transformation.
Easy conversion into mechanical.
energy and vice versa.

LIMITATIONS
Long distance transmission
Difficult to use cables, already at 100
km high reactive power consumption

NEEDS OF HVDC
The losses which occurs in the systems
are at all the stages
i.e. , at generation , transmission &
distribution level.
The losses at transmission level can be
greatly reduced by HVDC transmission.

WHY TO PREFER HVDC THAN

HVAC?
Long distance transmission
5 times more energy transmits than AC(same lines)
Less losses (no inductance, capacitance).
Cost of transmission medium & land is low.
Maintenance & operation cost is low.
Initial cost is high but overall cost is low than ac.

COMPARISON B/W AC & DC

TRANSMISSION COST.

HVDC TECHNOLOGY

If DC is required to be used for transmission

and since our primary source of power is A.C,
The following are three basic steps:1. Convert AC into DC (rectifier)
2. Transmit DC
3. Convert DC into AC ( inverter)

HOW IT WORKS ?

COMPONENTS OF HVDC
TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS

Converters
Smoothing reactors
Harmonic filters
Reactive power supplies
Electrodes
DC lines
AC circuit breakers

CONVERTERS

Perform AC/DC (rectifier) and DC/AC (inverter) conversion

consist of bridges and transformers

DC SMOOTHING REACTORS

Decrease harmonics in voltages and currents in DC lines.

Prevent current from being discontinuous.

AC HARMONIC FILTERS

Used to reduce harmonics (in voltages and currents) caused by

converters which generate harmonics,
Hence prevent from interference with any comm system.

REACTIVE POWER SUPPLIES

Converter may consume reactive pwr of abt 50% / more of active pwr.
Reactive power is, therefore, provided near converter.
For a strong AC power system, this reactive power is provided by a
shunt capacitor.

ELECTRODES

Used to provide connection to the earth for neutral.

DC LINES

They may be overhead lines or cables.

DC lines are very similar to AC lines.

CIRCUIT BREAKERS

Used to break cct if fault occurs in the transformer and for taking the DC link out of
service.

6 PULSE RECTIFIER

6 PULSE RECTIFIER
WAVEFORM

POWER FLOW DIRECTION

Decrease voltage at station B or increase voltage at station A,

power flows from A to B.

 Power reversal is obtained by reversal of polarity of

both direction.

APPLICATION BASED HVDC

TRANSMISSION TYPES

Unique solution to connect asynchronous systems

or grids with different frequencies.

 Most economical solution to transmit electrical

energy over distance more than 600km.

 Alternative to submarine transmission, also economical

for shorter distances i.e 10 km or more.

FOR 10 KM

Types of DC links

Monopolar

Homopolar
Bipolar

MONOPOLAR LINKS
It uses one conductor .
Return path by ground/water.
Due to ive polarity, no corona effect
occurs.

BIPOLAR LINKS
Has two conductors.
Junction b/w the conductors is
grounded.
Can carry half the rated load, if fault
occurs in one pole.

HOMOPOLAR LINKS
Has two conductors polarity( usually
negative.)
The return path for such a system is
through ground.

ADVANTAGES

TECHNICAL ADVANTAGES
System stability
less Corona Loss and no skin effect
Greater Reliability.

ECONOMIC ADVANTAGES
Trans Lines => less lines & less meterial
required, cheaper.
Towers

=> narrower, simpler and cheaper

Line losses => less increases efficiency.

Earlier lines can be used.

DISADVANTAGES
Power loss in conversion, switching
and control.
Expensive inverters.
Per kilometer cost reduces if lines are
of fairly of large distances.

EXAMPLES OF PROJECTS
1)
Gotland HVDC
Capacity: 50 MW
Length: 70 km
In operation since 1999
Requirements
additional wind power, 90 MW
minimized environmental
impact

CONCLUSION
Recent studies indicate that HVDC systems
are very reliable.
Very large investments in e.g in China and
India shows that high-voltage direct
current will very important in the future,
especially in big, new-industries countries.

Thank
you!