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Houston, Texas
Jonathan.guan@jacobs.com
832-351-6847
Topic Outline
Design Overview
Preliminary Design
Dynamic Properties
Geometry Modeling
Dynamic Analysis
Beyond Moores Law
Design Overview
Project Assignment:
To Design a Recycle Compressor with:
Power:
10,000 HP
Speed:
7,242 to 11,522 rpm
Equipment Weight
Compressor: 30.8 Kips
Steam turbine: 54.0 Kips
Skid:
31.3 Kips
Piping:
6.0 Kips
Total Machine + Skid WT = 122 Kips
Design Overview
Study
Design Data
Study Soil Report
Start
Preliminary Design
Generate
Dynamic Impedance
Derive
Excitation Force
Create
Geometry Model
Perform
Dynamic Analysis
No
Check Criteria
Yes
Detail Design
Foundation
Fine Tune
Foundation Geometry
Design Overview
Design Criteria:
Preliminary Design
Purpose:
To initialize the
foundation dimension
and arrange columns
To create the finite
element model for
dynamic analysis
Based on:
Rule of thumbs
Vendor data
Soil Report
Piping layout
Modeling Tool:
Other Software May Be
Used to Create the
Model.
Preliminary Design
FrameWorks
Model:
Steam
Condenser
Preliminary Design
Using FrameWorks 3D model to obtain the
foundation center of gravity:
Preliminary Design
Equipments + Foundation
Dynamic Properties
Dynamic Equilibrium Equation:
M X C X K X F (t )
In Veletsos Model, the Dynamic Impedance Expressed as:
Vertical
Static Spring
4Gv Rv
Kv
Constants
1
Dynamic
Impedance
Horizontal
Rocking
8Gh Rh
Kh
2
8Gr Rr
Kr
31
K v k v ia 0 cv K h k h ia 0 ch
K r k r ia 0 c r
Torsion
16Gt Rt
Kt
3
K t k t ia 0 ct
Dynamic Properties
The classic single lumped mass machine-foundation-soil system
Spring Constant
Ky
4G R
1
32(1 )GR
7 8
8GR 3
K rz
31
16
K ry
G R3
3
Kx
Reference
Timoshenko & Goodier (1951)
Bycroft (1956)
Borowicka (1943)
Reissner & Sagoci (1944)
Dynamic Properties
Dimensionless frequency, a0
R
a0
Vs
Where:
: machine speed equipment;
R: foundation radius foundation;
Vs: shear wave speed soil.
Dynamic Properties
Dynamic Stiffness:
Dynamic Damping:
C k s c d ( a0 ) a0
K k s k d (a0 )
Dynamic Ratio:
k s cd a0 a0
C / Ccr
Ccr
Critical Damping:
Ccr 2 K M
(translational)
Ccr 2 K I
(rotational)
Dynamic Properties
Veletsos Model Dynamic Stiffness and Damping Coefficients:
Dynamic Properties
Veletsos Model, kx & cx
to Frequency Relation
in Horizontal Mode:
cx is independent of a ,
0
or the frequency.
kx in sandy soil is kind of
sensitive to a , or the
frequency.
0
Dynamic Properties
Veletsos Model, k & c
to Frequency Relation
in Rocking Mode:
c is independent of a ,
0
or the frequency.
k in clay soil is very
sensitive to a , or the
frequency.
0
Dynamic Properties
Veletsos Model, kz & cz
to Frequency Relation
In Vertical Mode:
cz is independent of a ,
0
or the frequency.
kz in clay soil is very
sensitive to a , or the
frequency.
0
Dynamic Properties
Dynamic Stiffness and Damping Coefficients:
Dynamic Properties
At The Speed: f = 7242 Hz:
Dynamic Properties
At The Speed: f = 11522 Hz:
Changes less
than 0.2%
Changes less
than 0.2% .
Dynamic Properties
Equivalent Foundation Radius:
Dynamic Properties
Evaluation of Static Stiffness of Circular Footing on Inhomogeneous
Half-space (Werkle and Waas):
P-Wave:
S-Wave:
G Vs2 / g
For soils that are not close to saturation, can be obtained:
V /V 2
2 V / V 1
2
Vs 91N 0.337
N, standard penetration number, however, the reliability of
such relations is very low, and they should only be used, if
necessary, for preliminary when seismic survey is not done.
Dynamic Properties
Dynamic Properties
Dynamic Unbalance Forces:
MY CY KY F (t )
F (t ) M a S f Sin(t )
W
g
e 2 S f Sin(t )
W
eS f
g
2 Sin(t )
A 2 Sin(t )
Where:
Sf = 2.0, service factor for
centrifugal compressor.
f A 2 B C
(B = C = 0)
f A 2
Dynamic Properties
Industrial Standard:
ISO 1940 G2.5
for Turbo-Compressor
e 0.1(in / s )
e = 0.1/
= 0.1/(2x200)
= 8.0x10-5(in)
For Compressor Foundation
Design
e f 0 0.25(in / m)
e = 0.25/f0
= 0.25/(12,000 rpm)
=2.0x10-5(in)
For New Equipment Testing
(For Equipment Vendor)
Dynamic Properties
Calculating Amplitude of Harmonic Force:
Equipment
Compressor
Steam-Turbine
Wr
e S f
g
Rotor Weight
2922 lbm
2922
32.0
8.0 10 5
12
1175 lbm
1175
32.0
8.0 10 5
2.0 4.8 10 4
12
2.0 1.2 10 3
Geometry Modeling
Tabletop with Skid Finite Element Modeling:
Compressor
skid
Tabletop mass
c.g. elevation
Plate elements
continuity violation
The dilemma of
modeling to accurate
mass elevation or
column length?
Geometry Modeling
Why Foundation Modeled as Linear Instead of
Nonlinear Elastic ?
For the small strains (less than about 0.005%)
usually induced in the soil by a properly designed
machine foundation, shear deformations are the
result of particle destortion rather than sliding and
rolling between particles, such deformation is
almost linearly elastic.
Physically Similar
to Shock Absorber
STATUS SUPPORT JOINT 1029 TO 1041 BY 2 1042 TO 1054 BY 2 1085 TO 1097 BY 2 1098 TO 1110 BY 2 1141 TO 1153 BY 2 1154 TO 1166 BY 2 1197 TO 1209 BY 2 1210 TO 1222 BY 2 1253 TO 1265 BY 2 1266 TO 1278 BY 2 1309 TO 1321 BY 2 1322 TO 1334 BY 2 1365 TO 1377 BY 2 1378 TO 1390 BY 2 1421 TO 1433 BY 2 1434 TO 1446 BY 2
.
JOINT RELEASES MOMENT X Y Z
1029 TO 1041 BY 2 1042 TO 1054 BY 2 1085 TO 1097 BY 2 1098 TO 1110 BY 2 1141 TO 1153 BY 2 1154 TO 1166 BY 2 1197 TO 1209 BY 2 1210 TO 1222 BY 2 1253 TO 1265 BY 2 1266 TO 1278 BY 2 1309 TO 1321 BY 2 1322 TO 1334 BY 2 1365 TO 1377 BY 2 1378 TO 1390 BY 2 1421 TO 1433 BY 2 1434 TO 1446 BY 2
Geometry Modeling
Dynamic Stiffness and Damping Distribution:
Geometry Modeling
A = 28.5 in2
(1)
Es I sx 29,000 1910
9,500ksi
I ex
1218 3 / 12
Note:
E of Filled Epoxy Grout can be ignored. Its only 1/3 of Regular concrete.
Geometry Modeling
Skid Modeled in Solid Elements:
Converted Steel
Frame Elements
Filled Grout
Elements
Exhaust
Opening
Dynamic Analysis
Mode Shape:
Mode: 56
Freq: 146.7 c/sec.
As expected, one of the
typical mode shape
shows that the table top
remain rigid while large
deflection observed at
columns and base slab.
The vibrating energy has
been absorbed by the
columns and base slab.
Dynamic Analysis
Velocity (in vertical Y) vs
Dynamic Analysis
Acceleration (in X dir.)
vs Frequency, Out of
Phase Load Case.
The criteria to make
sure machine parts at
attachment point not
overstressed.
Max Horizontal
Acceleration found at
joint 8128, ax=60.0
in/sec2, < 0.2g.
Multiple Core
Processors
CPU No. 1
Fully Occupied
by GTSTRUDL
CPU No. 2
Not Reached by
GTSTRUDL
GTSELANCZOS
Time to Solve
Eigenproblem
11 Min. 8 Sec.
26 Min. 8 Sec.
2 Min. 13 sec.
6 Min. 14 Sec.
43.8 Sec.
4 Min. 25 Sec.
QUESTIONS?
832-351-6847